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Chemistry, Analytic --- Mass spectrometry. --- Quantitative. --- Mass spectrometry --- Mass spectra --- Mass spectrograph --- Mass spectroscopy --- Mass spectrum analysis --- Mass (Physics) --- Nuclear spectroscopy --- Spectrum analysis --- Quantitative analysis --- Quantitative chemical analysis --- Quantitative --- Quantitative analytical chemistry --- Analysis, Chemical --- Analytic chemistry --- Chemical analysis --- Chemistry

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Mass spectrometry (MS) along with its hyphenated techniques is capable of high throughput, sensitivity, accuracy and selectivity for the analysis of structure and composition of almost any product. Like in electrophoresis, MS separates mo- cules based on the mass-to-charge ratio. In case of gel electrophoresis (SDS- PAGE), a well-known and efficient bioanalytical technique, proteins bear negative charges but have the same charge density, so proteins are separated according to their size. Similarly, in case of MS analysis, proteins carry the same charge, and are separated by their molecular weight. Unlike SDS-PAGE, however, modern ultra high resolution MS discerns very small mass differences and can resolve and completely identify in a single experiment species of the same nominal mass in complex biological mixtures. Consequently, MS can be used for the structural characterization, identification and sensitive detection of mixtures of biomolecules or for assessing the quality of isolated proteins (purity, integrity, or post-translational modifications, for example), carbohydrates, nucleic acids, drugs, metabolites, pollutants etc. In the post-genome era, MS is continuously developing as one of the most re- able analytical method for elucidating the structure of molecules originating from various biological matrices. The potential of MS for high-sensitive structural a- lyses became unsurpassable after the introduction of electrospray (ESI) and matrix assisted laser/desorption ionization (MALDI) methods, on one hand, and the pos- bility to deduce in detail unknown biopolymer structures by highly accurate mo- cular mass measurement followed by sequencing using dissociation techniques based on multiple stage MS, on the other.

Mass spectrometry. --- Chemistry. --- Analytical chemistry. --- Life sciences. --- Biochemistry. --- Mass Spectrometry. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Analytical Chemistry. --- Physical sciences --- Mass spectra --- Mass spectrograph --- Mass spectroscopy --- Mass spectrum analysis --- Mass (Physics) --- Nuclear spectroscopy --- Spectrum analysis --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Analysis, Chemical --- Analytical chemistry --- Chemical analysis --- Metallurgical analysis --- Mineralogy, Determinative --- Composition --- Analytical biochemistry. --- Analytic biochemistry --- Biochemistry --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Bioanalytic chemistry --- Bioanalytical chemistry --- Analytic chemistry

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Nanoscale miniaturization and femtosecond laser-pulse spectroscopy require a quantum mechanical description of the carrier kinetics that goes beyond the conventional Boltzmann theory. On these extremely short length and time scales the electrons behave like partially coherent waves. This monograph deals with quantum kinetics for transport in low-dimensional microstructures and for ultra-short laser pulse spectroscopy. The nonequilibrium Green function theory is described and used for the derivation of the quantum kinetic equations. Numerical methods for the solution of the retarded quantum kinetic equations are discussed and results are presented for high-field transport and for mesoscopic transport phenomena. Quantum beats, polarization decay, and non-Markovian behaviour are treated for femtosecond spectroscopy on a microscopic basis. Since the publishing of the first edition in 1996 the nonequilibrium Green function technique has been applied to a large number of new research topics, and the revised edition introduces the reader to some of these areas, such as molecular electronics, noise calculations, build-up of screening and polaron correlations, and non-Markovian relaxation, among others. Connection to recent experiments is made, and it is emphasized how the quantum kinetic theory is essential in their interpretation.

Semiconductors --- Green's functions. --- Quantum theory. --- Optical properties. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Functions, Green's --- Functions, Induction --- Functions, Source --- Green functions --- Induction functions --- Source functions --- Differential equations --- Potential theory (Mathematics) --- Mass spectrometry. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Mass Spectrometry. --- Complex Systems. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Mass spectra --- Mass spectrograph --- Mass spectroscopy --- Mass spectrum analysis --- Mass (Physics) --- Nuclear spectroscopy --- Spectrum analysis --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Quantum field theory. --- Optics. --- Electrodynamics. --- Statistical physics. --- Dynamical systems. --- Condensed matter. --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Statics --- Mathematical statistics --- Dynamics --- Light --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics --- Statistical methods