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Erreurs logiques. --- Raisonnement. --- Fallacies (Logic) --- Reasoning.
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Raisonnement. --- Erreurs logiques. --- Logic. --- Reasoning. --- Dialectic. --- Fallacies (Logic) --- Argumentation. --- Logique. --- Logique aléthique. --- Raisonnement --- Logique aléthique.
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Logic --- Psychology --- Reasoning (Psychology) --- Neurosciences --- Raisonnement (Psychologie) --- Animals. --- Adolescent --- Cerveau --- Comportement animal --- Enfant --- Neuroimagerie fonctionnelle --- Phylogenèse --- Psychologie sociale --- Raisonnement --- Animals --- Différence interculturelle --- Mesure --- Processus cognitif --- Aspect psychologique.
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Fallacies and Argument Appraisal presents an introduction to the nature, identification, and causes of fallacious reasoning, along with key questions for evaluation. Drawing from the latest work on fallacies as well as some of the standard ideas that have remained relevant since Aristotle, Christopher Tindale investigates central cases of major fallacies in order to understand what has gone wrong and how this has occurred. Dispensing with the approach that simply assigns labels and brief descriptions of fallacies, Tindale provides fuller treatments that recognize the dialectical and rhetorical contexts in which fallacies arise. This volume analyzes major fallacies through accessible, everyday examples. Critical questions are developed for each fallacy to help the student identify them and provide considered evaluations.
Logic --- Erreurs logiques --- Raisonnement --- Fallacies (Logic) --- Reasoning. --- Fallacies (Logic). --- Erreurs logiques. --- Raisonnement. --- Argumentation --- Ratiocination --- Reason --- Thought and thinking --- Judgment (Logic) --- Errors, Logical --- Sophisms (Logic) --- Sophistry (Logic) --- Reasoning --- Arts and Humanities --- Philosophy
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There is a mystery at the heart of Plato's Parmenides. In the first part, Parmenides criticizes what is widely regarded as Plato's mature theory of Forms, and in the second, he promises to explain how the Forms can be saved from these criticisms. Ever since the dialogue was written, scholars have struggled to determine how the two parts of the work fit together. Did Plato mean us to abandon, keep or modify the theory of Forms, on the strength of Parmenides' criticisms? Samuel Rickless offers something that has never been done before: a careful reconstruction of every argument in the dialogue. He concludes that Plato's main aim was to argue that the theory of Forms should be modified by allowing that forms can have contrary properties. To grasp this is to solve the mystery of the Parmenides and understand its crucial role in Plato's philosophical development.
Form (Philosophy) --- Reasoning. --- Forme (Philosophie) --- Raisonnement --- Plato. --- Reasoning --- Argumentation --- Ratiocination --- Reason --- Thought and thinking --- Judgment (Logic) --- Logic --- Idealism --- Matter --- Metaphysics --- Structuralism --- Arts and Humanities --- Philosophy --- Plato. - Parmenides.
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Building theories of organizations is challenging: theories are partial and "folk" categories are fuzzy. The commonly used tools--first-order logic and its foundational set theory--are ill-suited for handling these complications. Here, three leading authorities rethink organization theory. 'Logics of Organization Theory' sets forth and applies a new language for theory building based on a nonmonotonic logic and fuzzy set theory. In doing so, not only does it mark a major advance in organizational theory, but it also draws lessons for theory building elsewhere in the social sciences. Organizational research typically analyzes organizations in categories such as "bank," "hospital," or "university." These categories have been treated as crisp analytical constructs designed by researchers. But sociologists increasingly view categories as constructed by audiences. This book builds on cognitive psychology and anthropology to develop an audience-based theory of organizational categories. It applies this framework and the new language of theory building to organizational ecology. It reconstructs and integrates four central theory fragments, and in so doing reveals unexpected connections and new insights.
Categories (Philosophy). --- Nonmonotonic reasoning. --- Organizational sociology --- Methodology. --- Organization theory --- Categories (Philosophy) --- Sociologie des organisations --- Raisonnement non-monotone --- Catégories (Philosophie) --- Méthodologie
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Social sciences --- Subjectivity --- Sciences sociales --- Subjectivité --- Research --- Recherche --- Subjectivité --- Sciences humaines --- Sciences et sciences humaines --- Sciences --- Sciences de l'information --- Logique --- Raisonnement --- Sémantique --- Sémiotique --- Sciences sociales et humaines --- Méthodologie
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Notre hypothèse consiste à voir l'impact des activités exercées avant la retraite sur le déclin du fonctionnement cognitif dans le vieillissement. Les deux autres hypothèses sont l'impact du changement d'activités au passage à la retraite et l'impact des activités actuelles sur le fonctionnement cognitif. Notre échantillon est composé de 40 sujets âgés de 57 à 68 ans à la retraite depuis environ 3 ans. Deux séances ont été administrées : la première comportait différents questionnaires sur les loisirs, la santé et les revenus du ménage actuellement et durant les deux dernières années de l'activité professionnelle; la seconde comportait des tests neuropsychologiques évaluant 4 domaines (mémoire, attention, fonctions exécutives et raisonnement non verbal). Au niveau des statistiques, nous avons réalisé des U de Mann Whitney pour des comparaisons de groupes et des régressions multivariées. Nos résultats n'ont pas montré de nombreuses différences significatives lors de nos comparaisons de groupes. Cependant, grâce aux régressions, nous avons constaté que l'âge contribue au déclin cognitif et joue globalement un rôle plus important que le style de vie, exception faite des fonctions attentionnelles.
Loisir --- Activité socio-culturelle --- Mesure --- Vieillissement --- Mémoire épisodique --- Personne âgée --- Fonctions exécutives --- Retraite --- Processus cognitif --- Raisonnement --- Qualité de vie --- Vie quotidienne --- Conditions de vie --- Attention --- Mémoire de travail --- Mémoire à long terme --- Mémoire à court terme --- Loisir --- Activité socio-culturelle --- Mesure --- Vieillissement --- Mémoire épisodique --- Personne âgée --- Fonctions exécutives --- Retraite --- Processus cognitif --- Raisonnement --- Qualité de vie --- Vie quotidienne --- Conditions de vie --- Attention --- Mémoire de travail --- Mémoire à long terme --- Mémoire à court terme
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The implications for philosophy and cognitive science of developments in statistical learning theory.
Philosophy of science --- Reasoning --- Reliability --- Induction (Logic) --- Computational learning theory --- Raisonnement --- Fidélité --- Induction (Logique) --- Apprentissage informatique, Théorie de l' --- Théorie de l'apprentissage informatique --- Fidélité --- Théorie de l'apprentissage informatique --- Reasoning. --- Reliability. --- Computational learning theory. --- COGNITIVE SCIENCES/General --- PHILOSOPHY/General --- Machine learning --- Inductive logic --- Logic, Inductive --- Logic --- Dependability --- Trustworthiness --- Conduct of life --- Argumentation --- Ratiocination --- Reason --- Thought and thinking --- Judgment (Logic)
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Cognition in children --- Cognitive learning --- Child development --- Cognition chez l'enfant --- Apprentissage cognitif --- Enfants --- Développement --- Développement --- Child development. --- Cognition --- Enfant --- Nourrisson --- Langage --- Conceptualisation --- Concept --- Reconnaissance des objets --- Orthographe --- Mémoire --- Acquisition du nombre --- Lecture --- Raisonnement --- Résolution de problèmes --- Fonctions exécutives --- Facteur socio-culturel --- Modèle théorique --- développement --- formation --- Constructivisme (psychologie) --- Cognition in children. --- Constructivism (Psychology) --- Chez l'enfant.
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