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AsanadditiontotheEuropeanpostgraduatetrainingsystemforyoung neurosurgeons, we began to publish in 1974 this series of Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery which was later sponsored by the EuropeanAssociationofNeurosurgicalSocieties. Thisseries was ?rst discussedin 1972at acombined meeting of the Italian and German Neurosurgical Societies in Taormina, the founding fathersoftheseriesbeingJeanBrihaye,BernardPertuiset,FritzLoewand HugoKrayenbuhl. ThuswereestablishedtheprinciplesofEuropean- operationwhichhavebeenbornfromtheEuropeanspirit,?ourishedin theEuropeanAssociation,andhavebeenassociatedthroughoutwiththis series. ThefactthattheEnglishlanguageisnowtheinternationalmediumfor communicationatEuropeanscienti?cconferencesisagreatassetinterms ofmutualunderstanding. Thereforewehavedecidedtopublishallcont- butionsinEnglish,regardlessofthenativelanguageoftheauthors. All contributions are submitted to the entire editorial board before publicationofanyvolumeforscrutinyandsuggestionsforrevision. Ourseriesisnotintendedtocompetewiththepublicationsoforiginal scienti?cpapersinotherneurosurgicaljournals. Ourintentionis,rather,to present?eldsofneurosurgeryandrelatedareasinwhichimportantrecent advanceshavebeenmade. Thecontributionsarewrittenbyspecialistsin thegiven?eldsandconstitutethe?rstpartofeachvolume. Inthesecondpartofeachvolume,wepublishdetaileddescriptionsof standardoperativeproceduresandindepthreviewsofestablishedkno- edge in all aspects of neurosurgery, furnished by experienced clinicians. This part is intended primarily to assist young neurosurgeons in their postgraduatetraining. However,weareconvincedthatitwillalsobeu- fultoexperienced,fullytrainedneurosurgeons. We hope therefore that surgeons not only in Europe, but also throughouttheworld,willpro?tbythisseriesofAdvancesandTechnical StandardsinNeurosurgery. TheEditors Contents ListofContributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XV Advances The transition from child to adult in neurosurgery. M. VINCHON and P. DHELLEMMES,PediatricNeurosurgery,LilleUniversityHospital,Lille-Cedex,France Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Exampleofthreegroupsofpatients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Personalseries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Survivalandoncologicaloutcome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Functionaloutcome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Implicationsforinitialtreatmentofthetumor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Myelomeningocele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Personalseries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Hydrocephalus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Personalseries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Shuntoutcome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Intellectualoutcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Organizationofthetransitionfromchildtoadultinneurosurgery . . . . . . . . . 19 Relationofpediatrictoadultneurosurgery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Offer=demandofcare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Networking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 VIII Contents Con?ictsofinterestinmedicalpractice. J. LOBOANTUNES,DepartmentofNeu- surgery,UniversityofLisbon,Lisbon,Portugal Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Theethicalparadox. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Thecon?ictsofinterest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Financialcon?icts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Intellectualcon?icts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Con?ictsinsurgery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Con?ictsinacademicduties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Therelationshipwithindustry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Con?ictsovercommunication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 1 2 Neurosurgical treatment of perineal neuralgias. R. ROBERT,J. J. LABAT, 1 3 1 1 T. RIANT,M. KHALFALLAH, and O. HAMEL, Service de Neurotraumatologie, 2 3 Nantes, France, Service d'Urologie, Nantes, France, Service de Neurochirurgie, CentreHospitalierdelacoˆteBasque,Bayonne,France Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Anatomy,pathologyandnosology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Neuropathicsomaticperinealpain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Neuropathicvisceralpain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Myofascialpain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Radiotherapy. Isotope therapy --- Neuropathology --- Surgery --- neurologie --- farmacologie --- hersenen --- neurochirurgie --- radiologie