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Ce chapitre est consacré à la recherche empirique sur le crime au Québec. Dans la première partie, les auteurs présentent le cadre théorique de la criminologie de l'acte. L'analyse stratégique, qui conçoit le crime à la fois comme un conflit et un moyen en vue d'une fin, s'intéresse à l'interaction dynamique entre le délinquant et ceux qui s'opposent à lui (ses victimes, les forces de l'ordre, ses semblables et ceux qui condamnent son acte). Le postulat de la rationalité subjective des acteurs est au coeur de cette façon de concevoir le crime et les auteurs en précisent la teneur. Les notions de configurations (patterns), de situation précriminelle (qui influence les choix des délinquants) et de tactique criminelle (la réponse du délinquant à la situation précriminelle) sont également précisées. Dans la deuxième partie du chapitre les auteurs présentent un bilan des travaux que les criminologues ont menés au Québec sur le vol à main armée, le règlement de comptes, les cambriolages, le vol de véhicules automobiles et la brutalité conjugale. Les résultats de ces recherches, qui permettent de reconnaître les patterns, les situations précriminelles et les tactiques criminelles de ces formes de délits, témoignent de la fécondité de l'analyse stratégique pour comprendre le phénomène criminel.
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The study of criminal areas has been a longstanding tradition in sociology and criminology. It had its hour of glory during the publication of the works of Shaw and McKay of the University of Chicago. In this article - which is an account of the studies on the concentration of criminals in urban areas - we show that, since the XIXth century, large metropolises have relatively stable sectors where the social control is weak and opportunities to commit crimes are numerous. Networks of juvenile delinquents and adult criminals develop in these areas, fostering the transmission of criminal solutions. The article contains a description of the process that leads to the emergence of a crime zone. It ends with a critique on ecological studies and by an appeal for the study of conflicts within these criminal networks.
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Criminals --- Criminal anthropology --- Crime and criminals --- Delinquents --- Offenders --- Persons --- Crime --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Criminology --- Anthropology, Criminal --- Criminal anthropometry --- Anthropometry
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What Works in Corrections, first published in 2006, examines the impact of correctional interventions, management policies, treatment and rehabilitation programs on the recidivism of offenders and delinquents. The book reviews different strategies for reducing recidivism and describes how the evidence for effectiveness is assessed. Thousands of studies were examined in order to identify those of sufficient scientific rigor to enable conclusions to be drawn about the impact of various interventions, policies and programs on recidivism. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were performed to further examine these results. This book assesses the relative effectiveness of rehabilitation programs (e.g., education, life skills, employment, cognitive behavioral), treatment for different types of offenders (e.g. sex offenders, batterers, juveniles), management and treatment of drug-involved offenders (e.g., drug courts, therapeutic communities, outpatient drug treatment) and punishment, control and surveillance interventions (boot camps, intensive supervision, electronic monitoring). Through her extensive research, MacKenzie illustrates which of these programs are most effective and why.
Corrections --- Criminals --- Recidivism --- Rehabilitation --- Evaluation. --- Prevention. --- Offenses, Repeat --- Repeat offenses --- Crime --- Correctional services --- Penology --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Crime and criminals --- Delinquents --- Offenders --- Persons --- Criminology --- Social Sciences --- Sociology
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Crime --- Criminology. --- Philosophy. --- Criminology --- Philosophy --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Social sciences --- Criminals --- City crime --- Crime and criminals --- Crimes --- Delinquency --- Felonies --- Misdemeanors --- Urban crime --- Social problems --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Criminal law --- Transgression (Ethics) --- Study and teaching --- Social aspects
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Crime --- Philosophy. --- Criminology. --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Social sciences --- Criminals --- City crime --- Crime and criminals --- Crimes --- Delinquency --- Felonies --- Misdemeanors --- Urban crime --- Social problems --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Criminal law --- Criminology --- Transgression (Ethics) --- Study and teaching --- Social aspects
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Suburban crimes --- Crime --- City crime --- Crime and criminals --- Crimes --- Delinquency --- Felonies --- Misdemeanors --- Urban crime --- Social problems --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Criminal law --- Criminals --- Criminology --- Transgression (Ethics) --- Crimes, Suburban --- Sociological aspects. --- Social aspects
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