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Semiconductors --- Characterization --- Statistical methods --- Measurement

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This volume contains most of the contributions presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Rare Earth Transition Metal Borocarbides (Nitrides): Superconducting, Magnetic and Normal State Properties, held in Dresden, Germany at 13 - 18 June 2000. The Workshop was chaired by K. -H. MUller and V. N. Narozhnyi. This was the first meeting specially focused on the quaternary rare-earth transition-metal borocarbides and nitrides - a new class of magnetic superconductors discovered in 1994. The motivation for organizing this workshop was to bring together scientists (both experimentalists and theoreticians), actively working in this field in different countries, using different methods, to exchange their points of view on the properties ofthese materials and to recognize the directions for future research. Totally 48 participants from 17 countries ofEurope, the United States, BraZil, India, Israel and Japan took part in this meeting. In addition about 15 observers (mainly from Germany) attended. The scientific Programme of the Workshop was composed of 7 sections. The section Introduction and Overview was followed by the Electronic Structure and Properties and Phonon Spectra; Magnetic Properties and CEF Effects; Interplay between Superconductivity and Magnetism; Vortex Lattice; Thin Films; Nature of the Superconducting State in Borocarbides sections. Totally 50 presentations were given (45 ofthem in oral form). Considerable attention was devoted to the characterization of the particular place of borocarbides amongst the other magnetic and superconducting systems and, especially, magnetic superconductors.

Borocarbide superconductors --- Boronitride superconductors --- Superconductivity --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Atomic Physics --- Nitrides --- Nitrures --- Supraconductivité --- Congresses. --- Congrès --- Condensed matter. --- Materials science. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids

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Polymers. --- Polymères --- Organic Chemistry --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Polymères --- Polymers --- Polymere --- Polymeride --- Polymers and polymerization --- Macromolecules --- Polymers  . --- Condensed matter. --- Physical chemistry. --- Materials science. --- Polymer Sciences. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- POLYMERS --- PROPERTIES

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As Directors of this NATO Workshop, we welcome this opportunity to record formally our thanks to the NATO Scientific Affairs Division for making our meeting possible through generous financial support and encouragement. This meeting has two purposes: the first obvious one because we have collected scientists from East, far East and west to discuss new development in the field of fracture mechanics: the notch fracture mechanics. The second is less obvious but perhaps in longer term more important that is the building of bridges between scientists in the frame of a network called Without Walls Institute on Notch Effects in Fatigue and Fracture". Physical perception of notch effects is not so easy to understand as the presence of a geometrical discontinuity as a worst effect than the simple reduction of cross section. Notch effects in fatigue and fracture is characterised by the following fundamental fact: it is not the maximum local stress or stress which governs the phenomena of fatigue and fracture. The physic shows that a process volume is needed probably to store the necessary energy for starting and propagating the phenomenon. This is a rupture of the traditional "strength of material" school which always give the prior importance of the local maximum stress. This concept of process volume was strongly affirmed during this workshop.

Notch effect --- Materials --- Fracture mechanics --- Entaille, Effet d' --- Matériaux --- Mécanique de la rupture --- Congresses. --- Fatigue --- Congrès --- Mechanics. --- Materials science. --- Engineering design. --- Classical Mechanics. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Engineering Design. --- Design, Engineering --- Engineering --- Industrial design --- Strains and stresses --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Design

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It is ironic that the ideas ofNewton, which described a beam of light as a stream ofparticles made it difficult for him to explain things like thin film interference. Yet these particles, called 'photons', have caused the adjective 'photonic' to gain common usage, when referring to optical phenomena. The purist might argue that only when we are confronted by the particle nature of light should we use the word photonics. Equally, the argument goes on, only when we are face-to­ face with an integrable system, i. e. one that possesses an infinite number of conserved quantities, should we say soliton rather than solitary wave. Scientists and engineers are pragmatic, however, and they are happy to use the word 'soliton' to describe what appears to be an excitation that is humped, multi­ humped, or localised long enough for some use to be made of it. The fact that such 'solitons' may stick to each other (fuse) upon collision is often something to celebrate for an application, rather than just evidence that, after all, these are not really solitons, in the classic sense. 'Soliton', therefore, is a widely used term with the qualification that we are constantly looking out for deviant behaviour that draws our attention to its solitary wave character. In the same spirit, 'photonics' is a useful generic cover-all noun, even when 'electromagnetic theory' or 'optics' would suffice.

Photonics --- Solitons --- Physics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Applied Physics --- Light & Optics --- Photonics. --- Solitons. --- Photonique --- Optics. --- Electrodynamics. --- Lasers. --- Materials science. --- Mathematical physics. --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Dynamics --- Light --- Mathematics