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Fuelwood --- Renewable natural resources --- Energy policy --- Biomass energy

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While energy is essential for development, standard fossil fuels are often in short supply in countries where it is needed most. However, alternative fuel resources abound in the form of agricultural and municipal waste or biomass. This report reviews the state of the art of biomass combustion and gassification systems, their advantages and disadvantages. It also encourages investment in use of these technologies to enable developing countries to better exploit their biomass resources and help close the gap between their energy needs and their energy supply.

Biomass gasification --- Biomass --- Combustion --- Gasification of biomass --- Biomass energy --- Relation between energy and economics --- Internal combustion engines --- biomassa --- verbranding --- vergassing --- verbrandingsmotoren

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This volume describes recent advances in the bioconversion of lignocellulosics. It starts with two articles on genetics and properties of cellulases and their re- tion kinetics and mechanisms. The cost of cellulases has been a hindrance to large scale use of enzymatic hydrolysis. Two articles on cellulase production by submerged fermentation and by solid state fementation are included to describe the state of the art in this area. Dilute acid hydrolysis of cellulose continues to be of interest as well as potentially useful. The most recent advances in this area is also covered. A great deal of progress has been made in genetic engineering for improved regulation of xylose fermentation by yeasts. An article on genetically engineered Saccharomyces for simulteaneous fermentation of glucose and xylose describes the importance advances made in production of fuel ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. In recent years, there has been increasing interests in recycling and the reuse of scrap paper as well as environment considerations. A contribution is presented which describes the research perspectives in that area. Finally, recent advances in the use of lignocellulosic biomass for the p- duction of ethanol and organic acids are presented in two articles. Renewable resources are inevitably of great importance in the years to come. There is a never-ending search for better living conditions for human beings. The more resource materials can be recycled, the richer we will be.

biomassa --- fermentatie --- General biochemistry --- biotechnologie --- hydrolyse --- recyclage --- Biochemical engineering --- Biotechnology --- biochemistry --- biochemie --- recycling --- probiotics --- cellulose --- bioengineering --- Biocarburants --- Bioenergy --- Biofuels --- Biological fuels --- Biomass energy --- Biomassa-energie --- Carburants verts --- Energie de la biomasse --- Energy [Biomass ] --- Energy conversion [Microbial ] --- Microbial energy conversion --- Chemistry --- Microbiology --- Lignocellulose--Biodégradation --- Lignocellulose--Biotechnologie --- 547.458.84 --- 577.152.321 --- 579.66 --- Lignocellulose. Other crude natural celluloses --- Glycoside hydrolases: glucosidases, amylase, cellulase --- Industrial and chemical microbiology --- Fermentation --- Cellulase --- Xylose --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- Genetic Engineering --- Carbohydrate Metabolism --- Genetic Techniques --- Pentoses --- Cellulases --- Saccharomyces --- Metabolism --- Yeasts --- Saccharomycetales --- Biochemical Processes --- Glucosidases --- Monosaccharides --- Investigative Techniques --- Chemical Processes --- Carbohydrates --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Fungi --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Ascomycota --- Glycoside Hydrolases --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Hydrolases --- Eukaryota --- Phenomena and Processes --- Chemical Phenomena --- Enzymes --- Organisms --- Enzymes and Coenzymes --- 579.66 Industrial and chemical microbiology --- 577.152.321 Glycoside hydrolases: glucosidases, amylase, cellulase --- 547.458.84 Lignocellulose. Other crude natural celluloses --- Lignocellulose. --- Lignocellulose --- Biodegradation --- Biotechnology. --- Chemical engineering. --- Microbiology. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Engineering --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Biodegradation. --- Genetics. --- Endo-1,4-beta-glucanase --- Glucanase, Endo-1,4-beta --- Glycosidases --- Wood