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geschiedenis --- communistische organisaties --- Oost-Europa --- Post-communism --- Partis communistes --- Communisme --- Postcommunisme --- Europe de l'Est --- Post-communism - Europe, Eastern. --- Oost-Europa.

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As new states in the former East bloc begin to reckon with their criminal pasts in the years following a revolutionary change of regimes, a basic pattern emerges: In those states where some form of retributive justice has been publicly enacted, there has generally been much less of a recourse to collective retributive violence. In Settling Accounts, John Borneman explores the attempts by these aspiring democratic states to invoke the principles of the "rule of law" as a means of achieving retributive justice, that is, convicting wrongdoers and restoring dignity to victims of moral injuries. Democratic regimes, Borneman maintains, require a strict form of accountability that holds leaders responsible for acts of criminality. This accountability is embodied in the principles of the rule of law, and retribution is at the moral center of these principles. Drawing from his ethnographic work in the former East Germany and with select comparisons to other East-Central European states, Borneman critically examines the construction of categories of criminality. He argues against the claims that economic growth, liberal democracy, or acts of reconciliation are adequate means to legitimate the transformed East bloc states. The cycles of violence in states lacking a system of retributive justice help to support this claim. Invocation of the principles of the rule of law must be seen as a chance for a more democratic, more accountable, and less violent world.

Social justice --- Retribution. --- Political crimes and offenses --- Reparation (Criminal justice) --- Rule of law --- Post-communism --- Equality --- Justice --- Social exchange --- Punishment --- Revenge --- Offenses against the State --- Offenses, Political --- Political offenses --- State, Offenses against the --- Crime --- Extradition --- Political violence --- Subversive activities --- Compensation for victims of crime --- Criminal restitution --- Reparation --- Restitution (Criminal justice) --- Restitution for victims of crime --- Remedies (Law) --- Supremacy of law --- Administrative law --- Constitutional law --- Europe, Eastern --- Politics and government --- Social policy. --- Retribution --- Social policy --- Post-communism - Europe, Eastern --- Rule of law - Europe, Eastern --- Reparation (Criminal justice) - Europe, Eastern --- Political crimes and offenses - Europe, Eastern --- Social justice - Europe, Eastern --- Europe, Eastern - Social policy --- Europe, Eastern - Politics and government - 1989 --- -Social justice --- -Post-communism

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In their transition from the legacy of Communism, Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) are seeking to reduce the income gap that remains the major barrier to full European integration. The essays in this 1997 volume derive from a conference held at the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies in Washington DC, on May 15-16 1995, and present general equilibrium calculations of the world wide effects of trade liberalization between CEECs and the European Union (EU) on real wages and welfare; analysis of trade in 'sensitive' sectors; and measurement of Germany's role in the transition. Simulations analyse the effects of CEEC macroeconomic policies on the transition process. Other essays examine the effects of privatization, labour migration from the East, and alternative approaches to integration of CEECs into the EU, including quick entry, variable geometry and free trade area. Economists and policy-makers will value the collection's innovative quantitative assessments and presentation of distinct alternatives.

Post-communism --- 339 <4-11> --- -331.30 --- 331.32 --- 331.33 --- 332.602.0 --- 332.691 --- 334.153.0 --- 338.70 --- 339.113 --- 339.312.5 --- EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- NBB congres --- -337.4047 --- Postcommunism --- World politics --- Communism --- Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5}--Oost-Europa --- Economische toestand. --- Structuur van de economie. --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik. --- Grensoverschrijdende mobiliteit (algemeenheden). --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt. --- Betrekkingen tussen de Europese Gemeenschappen en de geassocieerde of derde landen: algemeenheden. --- Industrieën : Algemeenheden. Structuur en evolutie van de industrie. --- Buitenlandse investeringen. --- Evolutie van de investeringen. --- Europe, Eastern --- European Union countries --- -European Union countries --- -Germany --- EU countries --- Euroland --- Europe --- East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- Commerce --- -Economic policy --- -Foreign economic relations --- -Congresses. --- Foreign economic relations --- -Commerce --- -Post-communism --- -339 <4-11> --- 339 <4-11> Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5}--Oost-Europa --- 337.4047 --- 331.30 --- Economische toestand --- Structuur van de economie --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik --- Grensoverschrijdende mobiliteit (algemeenheden) --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt --- Betrekkingen tussen de Europese Gemeenschappen en de geassocieerde of derde landen: algemeenheden --- Industrieën : Algemeenheden. Structuur en evolutie van de industrie --- Buitenlandse investeringen --- Evolutie van de investeringen --- Germany --- Weimar Republic --- Germanii︠a︡ --- Германия --- BRD --- FRN --- Jirmānīya --- جرمانيا --- Nimechchyna --- Gjermani --- Federalʹna Respublika Nimechchyny --- Veĭmarskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Ashkenaz --- Germanyah --- Bundesrepublik Deutschland --- Federal Republic of Germany --- Deutschland --- Repoblika Federalin'i Alemana --- República Federal de Alemania --- Alemania --- República de Alemania --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Kholboony Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- KhBNGU --- ХБНГУ --- German Uls --- Germania --- Republika Federal Alemmana --- Deutsches Reich --- Grossdeutsches Reich --- Weimarer Republik --- Vācijā --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : British Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : French Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : Russian Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : U.S. Zone) --- Germany (East) --- Germany (West) --- Holy Roman Empire --- Economic policy --- ドイツ --- Doitsu --- ドイツ連邦共和国 --- Doitsu Renpō Kyōwakoku --- ドイツ レンポウ キョウワコク --- Deguo --- 德国 --- Gėrman --- Герман Улс --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics --- Post-communism - Europe, Eastern.