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This paper reviews key findings of the IMF’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended April 30, 1980. The report highlights that during the period from the beginning of 1979 to the middle of 1980, the world economic situation was marked by three disturbing features. Rates of inflation in most countries remained high and, indeed, accelerated. Growth of real output in the industrial countries began to slow down markedly, threatening to halt the expansion of world trade. Large surpluses and deficits reemerged in the external balances on current account for major groups of countries.

Banks and Banking --- Budget Systems --- Budget --- Budgeting & financial management --- Budgeting --- Cement --- Central banks --- Ceramics --- Commodities --- Currencies --- Currency --- Deflation --- Exchange rates --- Exports and Imports --- Exports --- Extra-budgetary funds --- Foreign exchange reserves --- Foreign Exchange --- Foreign exchange --- Glass --- Gold --- Government and the Monetary System --- Inflation --- International economics --- International reserves --- International trade --- Investment & securities --- Investments: Metals --- Macroeconomics --- Metals and Metal Products --- Monetary economics --- Monetary Policy --- Monetary Systems --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Money --- National Budget --- Oil exports --- Payment Systems --- Price Level --- Prices --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Regimes --- Standards --- Trade: General --- United States

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This paper presents the fourth survey of certain changes in international and national monetary law and practice in relation to special drawing rights (SDRs), currencies, and gold. SDRs have characteristics that enable them to function as a supplement to existing reserve assets in the sense that they can be used as a form of international liquidity by members of the IMF participating in the SDR Department. The IMF has taken decisions to expand the uses of the SDR. Whether or not any of the newly authorized operations take place, the decisions authorizing them must be taken into account in any legal analysis of the character of the SDR.

Banking --- Banks and Banking --- Banks and banking --- Banks --- Cement --- Central banks --- Ceramics --- Commodities --- Currencies --- Currency --- Depository Institutions --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Exchange rate policy --- Exchange rates --- Factor Movement --- Finance --- Financial risk management --- Financial services law & regulation --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- Foreign exchange reserves --- Foreign Exchange --- Foreign exchange --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Glass --- Gold --- Government and the Monetary System --- Industries: Financial Services --- Investment & securities --- Investments: Metals --- Macroeconomics --- Metals and Metal Products --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Monetary economics --- Monetary Policy --- Monetary Systems --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Money --- Mortgages --- Payment Systems --- Regimes --- Reserve assets --- Standards --- United States