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This publication takes stock of the growing socio-economic dependence of our modern societies on space assets, and the general threats to space-based infrastructure from debris in particular. Notably, it provides fresh insights into the value of space-based infrastructure and the potential costs generated by space debris, drawing on new academic research developed especially for the OECD project on the economics of space sustainability.

Astronomy. --- Solar system. --- Milky Way

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This book provides readers with a clear progress to theoretical and observational astrophysics. It is not surprising that astrophysics is continually growing because very sophisticated telescopes are being developed and they bring the universe closer and make it accessible. Astrophysics Book presents a unique opportunity for readers to demonstrate processes do occur in Nature. The unique feature of this book is to cover different aspects in astrophysics covering the topics: • Astronomy • Theoretical Astrophysics • Observational Astrophysics • Cosmology • The Solar System • Stars • Planets • Galaxies • Observation • Spectroscopy • Dark Matter • Neutron Stars • High Energy Astrophysics

Astrophysics. --- Astronomy. --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Solar system: the Sun & planets

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Lunar science is in the middle of a small revolution, with now many new countries sending orbiters, landers, and even sample return missions to the moon. Additionally, both governments and private companies are now more and more considering the moon as a base for solar system exploration. With such an increase in attention, lunar science is now encompassing several unified dimensions. The first is the science of the moon itself, its origin, evolution, and inner composition. The second is how humans can live on the moon, covering biology and in general the logistics of surviving there, including surface mapping and in-situ resource utilization.

Lunar geology. --- Astrogeology --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Solar System --- Earth and Planetary Sciences --- Astronomy and Astrophysics

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Earth sciences --- Astronomy --- Sciences de la terre --- Astronomie --- Periodicals --- Périodiques --- Astronomy. --- Earth sciences. --- Earth Sciences --- General and Others --- Geology --- Planetary sciences --- Solar system sciences --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Space sciences --- earth sciences --- planetary sciences --- solar system sciences --- Geology. Earth sciences

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The second volume of open access essays builds upon the success of the initial installment, "The Economics of Big Science (© 2021, 978-3-030-52390-9, Open Access book as well)," delving deeper into the tangible socio-economic value generated by fundamental science missions and elucidating the various ways in which this benefit is realized. This collection showcases contributions that stem from socio-economic impact studies conducted on the activities of Research Infrastructures. These studies were presented and discussed by the authors during a dedicated session on the "Economics of Big Science" at the headquarters of the European Space Agency (ESA) in Paris in May 2023, organized by EIROforum. The authors, affiliated with prominent universities, research centers, and international research organizations, actively contribute to an international collaborative effort. Their aim is to develop strategies and policies that ensure fundamental scientific research in Europe translates into tangible and sustainable societal and economic benefits. This volume is intended to be a valuable resource for policymakers, funding agencies, scientists, and academics across diverse domains. It serves as a comprehensive reference for the evidence of socio-economic impact stemming from fundamental scientific research within Open Science, Research, and Innovation environments. Moreover, it equips stakeholders with evidence supporting the effectiveness of impact analysis and facilitates the design of best practices in this regard.

Nuclear physics. --- Economic development. --- Valuation. --- Artificial intelligence --- Solar system. --- Measurement. --- Measuring instruments. --- Nuclear and Particle Physics. --- Economic Development, Innovation and Growth. --- Investment Appraisal. --- Data Science. --- Space Physics. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Data processing.