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The roll-out of a high-performance DC electric vehicle supply equipment infrastructure is a key factor for the success of electric mobility. This work enhances existing control schemes for active rectifiers utilized in charging systems, resulting in minimized requirements for network connection. In addition, active power quality filtering is achieved. The proposed control concept is experimentally validated using a fast charger system.
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A wide range of ongoing research in the areas of controller design and information engineering reveals that the pace of technological change in this domain seems to be accelerating. The primary focus is on futuristic segments ranging from robotics, genomics to chemical feedstock and electrical storage. The main objective of this special issue was to provide a forum for researchers and practitioners to exchange their latest theoretical and technological achievements and to identify critical issues and challenges for future investigation on topics regarding advanced automation and control techniques based on information system technologies.
fractional calculus --- fractional-order control --- experimental tuning --- smart beam --- vibration suppression --- industrial internet of things --- prediction strategy --- proactive historian --- water industry --- lithium-ion batteries --- fast charging --- battery ageing --- sample and hold --- hierarchical clustering --- multidimensional scaling --- distances --- moving horizon estimation --- Kalman filter --- parameter estimation --- tumor growth estimation --- vibration --- control --- linear quadratic regulator (LQR) --- algebraic Riccati equation --- iteration --- state observer --- viscoelasticity --- mechatronic system --- 6DOF platform --- co-simulation platform --- robust control --- fractional order PID control --- linear parameter varying system --- n/a
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Control and automation systems are at the heart of our every day lives. This book is a collection of novel ideas and findings in these fields, published as part of the Special Issue on Control and Automation. The core focus of this issue was original ideas and potential contributions for both theory and practice. It received a total number of 21 submissions, out of which 7 were accepted. These published manuscripts tackle some novel approaches in control, including fractional order control systems, with applications in robotics, biomedical engineering, electrical engineering, vibratory systems, and wastewater treatment plants. This Special Issue has gathered a selection of novel research results regarding control systems in several distinct research areas. We hope that these papers will evoke new ideas, concepts, and further developments in the field.
fractional calculus --- fractional-order control --- experimental tuning --- smart beam --- vibration suppression --- industrial internet of things --- prediction strategy --- proactive historian --- water industry --- lithium-ion batteries --- fast charging --- battery ageing --- sample and hold --- hierarchical clustering --- multidimensional scaling --- distances --- moving horizon estimation --- Kalman filter --- parameter estimation --- tumor growth estimation --- vibration --- control --- linear quadratic regulator (LQR) --- algebraic Riccati equation --- iteration --- state observer --- viscoelasticity --- mechatronic system --- 6DOF platform --- co-simulation platform --- robust control --- fractional order PID control --- linear parameter varying system --- n/a
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Electrochemical energy storage is a key element of systems in a wide range of sectors, such as electro-mobility, portable devices, and renewable energy. The energy storage systems (ESSs) considered here are batteries, supercapacitors, and hybrid components such as lithium-ion capacitors. The durability of ESSs determines the total cost of ownership, the global impacts (lifecycle) on a large portion of these applications and, thus, their viability. Understanding ESS aging is a key to optimizing their design and usability in terms of their intended applications. Knowledge of ESS aging is also essential to improve their dependability (reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety). This Special Issue includes 12 research papers and 1 review article focusing on battery, supercapacitor, and hybrid capacitor aging.
n/a --- abuse test --- thermal runaway --- lifetime --- Li-Ion battery --- lithium-ion capacitor --- langmuir isotherm --- battery management system (BMS) --- cycling ageing --- degradation --- remaining capacity --- selection algorithm --- electric vehicle --- safety --- LFP --- state-of-charge determination --- cathode-electrolyte interphase --- state-of-health (SOH) --- incremental capacity analysis (ICA) --- lamination --- capacitance --- lead-acid batteries --- self-discharge --- fast-charging capability --- second life battery --- ampere-hour throughput --- incremental capacity analysis --- state of health (SoH) --- impedance spectroscopy --- partial coulometric counter --- Ni-rich cathode --- calendar ageing --- driving cycles --- pseudo-charge --- state-of-health --- accelerated ageing --- lithium iron phosphate --- calendar aging --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- electric vehicles --- lifetime prediction --- Petri nets --- battery --- electro mobility --- floating aging --- aging mechanisms --- LiFePO4 --- autonomous devices --- temperature --- electrical characterization --- cell degradation --- lithium-ion battery --- ageing --- battery management system --- NMC --- batteries --- lithium-ion --- state-of-charge monitoring --- operative dependability --- aging model --- battery life testing --- aging --- embedded algorithm --- post-mortem analysis --- supercapacitor
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Nowadays, power electronics is an enabling technology in the energy development scenario. Furthermore, power electronics is strictly linked with several fields of technological growth, such as consumer electronics, IT and communications, electrical networks, utilities, industrial drives and robotics, and transportation and automotive sectors. Moreover, the widespread use of power electronics enables cost savings and minimization of losses in several technology applications required for sustainable economic growth. The topologies of DC–DC power converters and switching converters are under continuous development and deserve special attention to highlight the advantages and disadvantages for use increasingly oriented towards green and sustainable development. DC–DC converter topologies are developed in consideration of higher efficiency, reliable control switching strategies, and fault-tolerant configurations. Several types of switching converter topologies are involved in isolated DC–DC converter and nonisolated DC–DC converter solutions operating in hard-switching and soft-switching conditions. Switching converters have applications in a broad range of areas in both low and high power densities. The articles presented in the Special Issue titled "Advanced DC-DC Power Converters and Switching Converters" consolidate the work on the investigation of the switching converter topology considering the technological advances offered by innovative wide-bandgap devices and performance optimization methods in control strategies used.
interleaved operation --- three-winding coupled inductor --- high step-up DC–DC converter --- DC/DC converter --- multi-input-port --- bidirectional --- energy storage --- three-phase bidirectional isolated DC-DC converter --- burst-mode switching --- high-frequency transformer configurations --- phase-shift modulation --- intermittent switching --- three-phase dual-active bridge --- bidirectional converter --- high efficiency --- GaN --- SiC --- buck-boost converter --- high switching frequency --- electric vehicle (EV) --- fast charging --- interleaved dc–dc converter --- SiC devices --- Si devices --- Component Connection Method --- power electronics-based systems --- stability analysis --- state-space methods --- virtual synchronous generators --- DC-DC converters --- photovoltaics --- single-diode model --- state-space --- multi-port dual-active bridge (DAB) converter --- wide-band-gap (WBG) semiconductors --- silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs --- power converter --- automotive --- battery charger --- circuit modelling --- power electronics --- SiC MOSFET
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The Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for Electric Vehicles (EV)”, covers new work on EV and associated topics like charging process, smart grids, emerging ITS for EV and applications for electromoV market penetration with an increase of 60% per year, associated challenges of the charging process and system and changes in the energy market and grid. EV is associated with sustainability and the EU has committed to reducing CO2 emissions by 37.5 percent by 2030. The charging process and open energy market with renewable energy create interesting research problems where IoT and intelligent systems play an essential role in the flexibility of the EV charging process and the EV operation.bility. Considering EV market penetration with an increase of 60% per year, associated challenges of charging process and system and the change on the Energy market and Grid. EV is associated with sustainability with the commit of EU in, aiming to reduce CO2 emissions by 37.5 percent from 2021 to 2030. Charging process and open energy market with renewable energy creates interesting research problems where IoT and Intelligent System plays an essential role in the flexibility of the EV charging process and the EV operation.
vehicle electrification --- smart grids --- renewable energy sources --- energy storage systems --- power quality --- bidirectional --- power electronics. --- charging behaviors --- distribution locational marginal pricing --- distribution networks --- electric mobility --- electric vehicle --- operation --- reconfiguration --- smart city --- smart grid --- rapid charging --- charging navigation --- internet of things --- electric charging behaviour --- energy prices --- EVs --- travel simulator --- charging station --- prediction --- probability --- mobile App --- EV charging process --- blockchain --- IoT --- mobile app --- particle filter --- histogram of gradient --- sensor fusion --- neural network --- support vector machine --- object recognition --- electric bus --- emissions --- urban transportation --- energy mix --- automatic train operation --- multi-objective optimization --- shark smell optimization algorithm --- composite angle cosine --- dual-population evolution mechanism --- hardware-in-the-loop simulation --- daily activity chains --- electric vehicles --- optimization --- charging stations --- intelligent transportation systems --- ITS --- Dispatching Service --- Dispersed Generation --- Distribution Grid --- Electrical Vehicle --- Optimal Power Flow --- Power Flow --- Power System --- Simulation Models --- shared swap charging system --- operational design --- battery charging rate --- binary integer programming --- silicon carbide --- extreme fast charging --- DC transformer --- V2G --- urban complex --- peak shaving --- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) --- energy management strategies (EMSs) --- driving cycle prediction
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In recent years, power converters have played an important role in power electronics technology for different applications, such as renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, pulsed power generation, and biomedical sciences. Power converters, in the realm of power electronics, are becoming essential for generating electrical power energy in various ways. This Special Issue focuses on the development of novel power converter topologies in power electronics. The topics of interest include, but are not limited to: Z-source converters; multilevel power converter topologies; switched-capacitor-based power converters; power converters for battery management systems; power converters in wireless power transfer techniques; the reliability of power conversion systems; and modulation techniques for advanced power converters.
current source converter --- power decoupling --- power ripple --- computational complexity --- direct power control --- finite control set model predictive control --- PI controllers --- space vector modulation --- three-level T-type inverter --- input current ripple --- voltage multiplier --- shoot through state --- quasi-switched boost inverter --- Z-source inverter --- transformerless --- SEPIC converter --- single phase --- cascaded H-bridge inverter --- three-phase inverter --- Z-source network --- quasi-switched-boost network --- shoot-through --- quasi-z-source inverter --- grid-tied --- leakage current --- power efficiency --- counter-based --- one-comparator --- PWFM --- PWM --- PFM --- dc converter --- full bridge converter --- zero voltage operation --- multilevel inverter --- Pulse Width Modulation --- minimal number of commutations --- state machine --- Neutral Point Clamped Converter --- power converters --- EMI --- intelligent control --- classical gate driver --- interference sources --- carrier-based pulse width modulation --- offset function --- switching loss reduction --- H-bridge five-level inverter --- electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) --- switching model power supply (SMPS) --- conducted emission --- parametric modeling method --- vector fitting algorithm --- full-power testing --- high-power --- individual phase --- operation test --- static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) --- bidirectional DC/DC converter (BDC) --- dual mode operation --- current sharing --- multiplexed modulation --- low-voltage and high-current --- Lyapunov algorithm --- current sharing control --- confluence plate --- state feedback linearization --- grid-connected inverter --- LCL filter --- inductive power transfer (IPT) --- three-bridge switching --- constant current (CC) --- constant voltage (CV) --- fixed frequency --- fractional order elements --- high-frequency switching --- wireless power transmission --- active balance circuit --- bi-directional converter --- lithium battery --- series-connected battery --- fast charging --- motor drives --- full-bridge Buck inverter --- DC motor --- mathematical model --- differential flatness --- time-varying duty cycle --- circuit simulation --- experimental validation --- current source inverter --- common-mode voltage --- diode clamped multilevel inverter --- flying capacitor multilevel inverter --- cascade H bridge multilevel inverter --- total harmonic distortion --- PWM control techniques --- PSCAD/MULTISIM simulation --- model predictive control (MPC) --- neutral-point clamped (NPC) inverter --- disturbance observer --- parameter uncertainty --- stability analysis --- power factor adjustment --- matrix rectifier --- peak-current-mode (PCM) control --- boost converter --- stability --- parameter perturbation --- target period orbit tracking --- space-vector pulse-width modulation --- common-mode voltage elimination --- quasi-switched boost --- impedance network --- add-on pulse charger --- quick charge --- pulse charging --- Li-ion battery --- full bridge (FB) --- modular multilevel dc-dc converters (MMDCs) --- zero-voltage switching (ZVS) --- zero-current switching (ZCS) --- Photovoltaics --- Z-Source --- Current-fed --- Medium-Frequency --- Power-Imbalance --- harmonic --- RPWM --- selective voltage harmonic elimination --- single-phase inverter --- n/a
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The global electric car fleet exceeded 7 million battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in 2019, and will continue to increase in the future, as electrification is an important means of decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions of the transportation sector. The energy storage system is a very central component of the electric vehicle. The storage system needs to be cost-competitive, light, efficient, safe, and reliable, and to occupy little space and last for a long time. It should also be produced and disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner. This leaves many research challenges, and the purpose of this book is therefore to provide a platform for sharing the latest findings on energy storage systems for electric vehicles (electric cars, buses, aircraft, ships, etc.) Research in energy storage systems requires several sciences working together, and this book therefore include contributions from many different disciplines; this covers a wide range of topics, e.g. battery-management systems, state-of-charge and state-of-health estimation, thermal-battery-management systems, power electronics for energy storage devices, battery aging modelling, battery reuse and recycling, etc.
lithium-ion batteries --- non-aqueous electrolyte --- nitrile-based solvents --- butyronitrile --- SEI forming additives --- fast charging --- power batteries --- improved second-order RC equivalent circuit --- fuzzy unscented Kalman filtering algorithm --- joint estimation --- electric bus --- battery --- energy efficiency --- environmental conditions --- hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) --- battery life --- multi-objective energy management --- adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS) --- pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) --- particle swarm optimization (PSO) --- recurrent-neural-network (RNN) --- fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle --- least squares support vector machines (LSSVM) --- driving conditions identification --- power distribution --- electric vehicle --- lithium-ion battery --- estimation --- Kalman filter --- state-of-charge --- state-of-health --- resistance --- open-circuit voltage --- battery capacity --- battery modelling and simulation --- battery testing cycler --- battery thermal model --- lithium-ion polymer battery --- SLI battery --- dual-motor energy recovery --- regenerative braking system --- CVT speed ratio control --- motor minimum loss --- energy consumption and efficiency characteristics --- braking force distribution --- oil–electric–hydraulic hybrid system --- lowest instantaneous energy costs --- energy management --- global optimization --- retired batteries --- energy storage applications --- layered bidirectional equalization --- equalization algorithm --- state of charge --- available capacity --- adaptive model-based algorithm --- square root cubature Kalman filter --- li-ion battery --- performance degradation modelling --- electrified propulsion --- battery sizing --- powertrain optimization --- optimal energy management --- heat and mass transfer --- thermal analysis --- Lithium-ion battery --- micro-channel cooling plate --- battery thermal management --- MeshWorks --- CFD --- diffusion induced stress --- hydrostatic stress influence on diffusion --- electrode particle model --- battery mechanical aging --- coulomb counting --- open circuit voltage --- state of health --- temperature --- new energy vehicle --- power battery --- battery reusing --- echelon utilization --- battery recycling --- electric vehicles --- electro-hydraulic braking --- braking intention --- mode switching --- torque coordinated control --- Electric Truck Simulator --- Electric Vehicle (EV) --- Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) --- Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) --- least-energy routing algorithm --- EV batteries --- metric evaluation --- AC–AC converters --- battery chargers --- power conversion harmonics --- wireless power transmission --- electrochemical–thermal model --- artificial intelligence --- artificial neural networks --- hybrid vehicles --- state-of-charge estimation (SOC) --- linear quadratic estimator --- lithium ion battery --- iron phosphate --- cell expansion --- force --- lithium-ion cobalt battery --- state of energy --- adaptive EKF SOC estimation --- linear observer SOC estimation --- MATLAB --- Simscape --- electric buses --- thermal energy storage --- latent heat storage --- metallic phase change material --- cabin heating --- fuel cell --- automated guided vehicle --- hybrid energy storage system --- model-based design --- waveforms modeling --- autoregressive models of nonstationary signals
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Transportation systems play a major role in the reduction of energy consumptions and environmental impact all over the world. The significant amount of energy of transport systems forces the adoption of new solutions to ensure their performance with energy-saving and reduced environmental impact. In this context, technologies and materials, devices and systems, design methods, and management techniques, related to the electrical power systems for transportation are continuously improving thanks to research activities. The main common challenge in all the applications concerns the adoption of innovative solutions that can improve existing transportation systems in terms of efficiency and sustainability.
electric bus --- vehicle selection --- road operation test --- sustainable development --- more electric aircraft (MEA) --- multilevel converter --- high power density --- electric vehicles (EVs) --- independent-drive technology --- deep reinforcement learning (DRL) --- optimal torque distribution --- wireless power transfer --- non-linear --- fast terminal sliding mode control --- power converters --- efficiency --- energy storage systems --- electrical power systems --- hydraulic power systems --- hydraulic accumulator --- ultracapacitor --- lithium-ion battery --- dual-polarization model --- fractional-order model --- SOC estimation --- hybrid Kalman filter --- vehicle–grid integration --- distribution network voltage regulation --- alternating direction method of multipliers --- railway transport --- eco-driving --- energy efficiency --- optimization algorithm --- power systems --- ancillary services --- EV motor inverter --- electrical installation --- on-board charger --- vehicle-to-home --- home energy management system --- hybrid electric bulldozer --- tracked vehicle --- control strategy --- adaptive control --- power smoothing --- electric vehicles --- public charging station --- bilevel model --- range constraint --- hybrid electric vehicles --- equivalent consumption minimization strategy --- power-split hybrid --- heavy-duty vehicles --- diesel engine --- natural gas engine --- hybrid powertrain --- supercapacitor --- fuel consumption --- mathematical modeling --- electric vehicle --- city bus --- gearbox --- transmission --- optimization --- hybrid electric vehicle --- power-split --- fuel economy --- particle swarm optimization --- route guidance strategies --- stochastic charging demands --- time-varying road network --- shift-by-wire (SBW) --- switched reluctance motor (SRM) --- non-uniform air-gap --- rotor hole placement --- torque ripple --- rotor structure --- electrical transport --- electrical vehicle --- marine transport --- railway --- battery electric vehicles --- signalized intersections --- energy-optimized vehicle trajectories --- vehicle dynamics model --- road freight transport --- vehicle stock turnover model --- deep decarbonization --- road freight vehicle --- electric-drive vehicle --- lithium-ion --- dQ/dV --- dV/dQ --- frequency regulation --- V2G --- G2V --- fault diagnosis --- PEM fuel cell system --- PFCM-ABC-SVM --- ultra-fast charging --- multimodule DC-DC converters --- dual active bridge DC-DC converter --- full-bridge phase-shift DC-DC converter --- input-series output-series --- input-series output-parallel --- input-parallel output-parallel --- input-parallel output-series --- input-series input-parallel output-series output-parallel --- battery aging --- plug-in electric vehicles --- energy management --- global optimization --- state of health --- particle swarm algorithm --- genetic algorithm --- simulation --- plug-in hybrid --- microgrid --- photovoltaic --- robust optimization --- stochastic optimization --- battery management systems --- battery fuel gauge --- state of charge --- power fade --- capacity fade --- robust estimation --- predictive control --- environmental impacts --- life cycle assessment --- review --- anti-lock braking system --- fuzzy logic system --- controller --- vehicle --- traffic signal control --- cost model --- total cost of ownership --- TCO --- charging strategy --- public transport --- sustainability --- reused battery --- adaptive control theory --- battery management system (BMS) --- internal resistances --- open-circuit voltage --- policy incentive --- public charging infrastructure --- power grid --- grid-side effects --- photovoltaic potentials --- controlled charging --- electric power systems --- transportation --- PV --- inverter
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