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There is overwhelming evidence, from laboratory experiments, observations, and computational studies, that coherent structures can cause intermittent transport, dramatically enhancing transport. A proper description of this intermittent phenomenon, however, is extremely difficult, requiring a new non-perturbative theory, such as statistical description. Furthermore, multi-scale interactions are responsible for inevitably complex dynamics in strongly non-equilibrium systems, a proper understanding of which remains a main challenge in classical physics. As a remarkable consequence of multi-scale interaction, a quasi-equilibrium state (the so-called self-organisation) can however be maintained. This special issue aims to present different theories of statistical mechanics to understand this challenging multiscale problem in turbulence. The 14 contributions to this Special issue focus on the various aspects of intermittency, coherent structures, self-organisation, bifurcation and nonlocality. Given the ubiquity of turbulence, the contributions cover a broad range of systems covering laboratory fluids (channel flow, the Von Kármán flow), plasmas (magnetic fusion), laser cavity, wind turbine, air flow around a high-speed train, solar wind and industrial application.

non-locality --- hybrid (U)RANS-LES --- channel flow --- thermodynamics --- Lévy noise --- non-local theory --- low speed streaks --- drop breakage --- pipe flow boundary layer --- bifurcation --- Langevin equation --- attached and separated flows --- anomalous diffusion --- kinetic theory --- stochastic processes --- self-organisation --- spatiotemporal chaos --- chaos --- bifurcations --- turbulent flow --- Lyapunov theory --- Rushton turbine --- turbulence --- intermittency --- information length --- denoise --- microcavity laser --- free vortex wake --- IDDES methodology --- local intermittency --- control strategy --- population balance equation --- Tsallis entropy --- coherent structures --- Fokker-Planck equation --- energy cascade --- fluid dynamics --- high efficiency impeller --- fractals --- large eddy simulation --- shear flows --- heat transport --- multifractal --- drop coalescence --- continuous wavelet transform --- T-junction --- scaling properties --- floating wind turbine --- scaling --- fractional Fokker–Plank equation --- magnetic confinement fusion --- multi-scale problem --- coherent structure --- solar wind --- trailing-edge flap --- turbulent transition --- turbulent boundary layer --- complex dynamics --- statistical mechanics

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This book contains the successful submissions to a Special Issue of Energies entitled “Engineering Fluid Dynamics 2019–2020”. The topic of engineering fluid dynamics includes both experimental and computational studies. Of special interest were submissions from the fields of mechanical, chemical, marine, safety, and energy engineering. We welcomed original research articles and review articles. After one-and-a-half years, 59 papers were submitted and 31 were accepted for publication. The average processing time was about 41 days. The authors had the following geographical distribution: China (15); Korea (7); Japan (3); Norway (2); Sweden (2); Vietnam (2); Australia (1); Denmark (1); Germany (1); Mexico (1); Poland (1); Saudi Arabia (1); USA (1); Serbia (1). Papers covered a wide range of topics including analysis of free-surface waves, bridge girders, gear boxes, hills, radiation heat transfer, spillways, turbulent flames, pipe flow, open channels, jets, combustion chambers, welding, sprinkler, slug flow, turbines, thermoelectric power generation, airfoils, bed formation, fires in tunnels, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and pumps.

CFD --- gap resonance --- hydrodynamic forces --- free surface waves --- URANS --- twin-box deck --- aerodynamics --- vortex shedding --- splash lubrication --- dynamic motion --- gearbox --- churning power losses --- non-inertial coordinate system --- ground roughness --- hill shape --- hill slope --- large-eddy simulations --- turbulent flow fields --- turbulent structure --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- large eddy simulations (LES) --- 3D hill --- canopy --- flow fields --- radiation --- blocked-off-region procedure --- heat recuperation --- anisotropic scattering --- mie particles --- numerical simulation --- horizontal face angle --- energy dissipation rates --- stepped spillway --- ultra-low specific speed magnetic drive pump --- orthogonal test --- splitter blades --- optimized design --- pressure fluctuation --- radial force --- dilution --- turbulent flame --- premixed --- OH --- CH2O --- planar laser-induced fluorescence --- self-excited oscillation jet --- organ–Helmholtz nozzle --- pulse waterjet --- pressure pulsation amplitude --- WMLES --- VLSMs --- LSMs --- turbulent boundary flow --- roughness --- surrogate model --- deep neural network --- multiphase flow --- horizontal pipe --- liquid holdup --- pressure gradient --- coherent structures --- turbulent boundary layer --- stability --- pre-multiplied wind velocity spectrum --- spatial correlation coefficient field --- tunnel fires --- jet fan speed --- heat release rate --- aspect ratio --- smoke movement --- visibility --- smoke layer thickness --- smoke stratification --- orifice shape --- vertical jet --- velocity ratio --- numerical investigation --- hydraulic characteristics --- impinging water jet --- impinging height --- numerical calculation --- swirler --- optimized --- genetic algorithms --- recirculation --- combustion --- experimental validation --- welding spatter --- distribution --- shield arc metal welding --- particle heat transfer --- fire risk --- sprinkler --- fire dynamics simulator (FDS) --- fire suppression --- extinguishing coefficient --- smoke logging --- smoke spread --- pipe insulation --- fire growth rate index --- scale factor --- volume fraction --- ignition heat source --- maximum heat release rate --- time to reach maximum HRR (heat release rate) --- control --- cylinder --- energy efficiency --- clamping --- pneumatics --- unsteady RANS simulation --- two-phase flow --- riser-induced slug flow --- LedaFlow --- VOF-model --- evacuation --- interaction between smoke and evacuees --- inner smoke force --- modified BR-smoke model --- twin H-rotor vertical-axis turbines --- wake --- instability --- wavelet transform --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD), multiphysics --- heat transfer --- thermoelectricity --- automotive --- traditional market --- fire spread rate --- radiant heat flux --- separation distance --- rotor stator interaction --- boundary layer --- secondary vortex --- unsteady flow --- submerged jet --- climate change --- renewable energy --- wind power --- accelerators --- turbines --- power extraction --- Betz --- freestream theory --- hybrid simulation method --- multi-fluid model --- discrete element method, sedimentation, bed formation --- PIV --- shell-and-tube --- shell side --- tube bundle --- heat exchanger --- baffle --- maldistribution