Listing 1 - 6 of 6 |
Sort by
|
Choose an application
De Landenreeks behandelt verschillende aspecten van de geschiedenis, de cultuur, de politiek, de sociale omstandigheden en de economie van een land. Het werk bevat zwart-wit en kleurenfoto's, cijfergegevens, tabellen en kaarten. Er is een duidelijk accent gelegd op achtergrondinformatie en analyses van recente ontwikkelingen. De huidige landen in Centraal-Azië kennen een roemrijk verleden dat nauw verbonden is met de historische zijderoute. Kazachstan, Kirgizië, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan en Tadzjikistan zijn een creatie van Stalin. Toen de Sovjet-Unie in 1991 uiteenviel, begonnen de vijf republieken onvoorbereid aan een onafhankelijke toekomst. Centraal-Azië functioneerde tot 1991 geheel volgens de principes van de communistische planeconomie. Een totale economische omschakeling is nodig, maar nauwelijks op gang gekomen. Veel van de rijke cultuur ging verloren tijdens de inlijving bij het rijk van de tsaar en de sovjets. De nieuwe machthebbers proberen een nieuwe identiteit op te bouwen.
Regional documentation --- Physical geography --- Central Asia --- Asie --- Azië --- Kazachstan --- Kirghizstan --- Kirgizië --- Oezbekistan --- Ouzbékistan --- Tadjikistan --- Tadzjikistan --- Turkmenistan --- Turkménistan --- Centraal-Azië --- Centraal-Azië ; geschiedenis --- Centraal-Azië ; politiek --- #A9502A --- land- en volkenkunde --- 915.7 --- reisgidsen --- Azië 994 --- Centraal-Azië, Kazachstan, Kirgizië, Oezbekistan, Tadzjikistan, Turkmenistan --- Asia, Central --- Description and travel. --- History. --- 984 --- geografie Azië --- géographie Asie --- Centraal-Azië.
Choose an application
Tajikistan --- Tadjikistan --- History --- Politics and government --- Histoire --- Politique et gouvernement --- Republic of Tajikistan --- Tadzhikistan --- Таджикистан --- Respublika Tadzhikistan --- Tajikstan --- Tojikiston --- Tadschikistan --- Jumkhurii Tojikiston --- Tajike si tan gong he guo --- Jumḣurii Tojikiston --- タジキスタン --- Tajikisutan --- Tajiquistão --- טג'יקיסטן --- Ṭag'ikisṭan --- Tadžikistan --- Tadzjikistan --- Tayikistán --- República de Tayikistán --- Tajik S.S.R.
Choose an application
To complement the early warning signals literature, we study the determinants of banking and currency crises for small states and currency boards. Building on the crisis dataset by Laeven and Valencia (2020), we estimate a binominal logit model to identify the determinants of crises, and as a case study, we apply our models to the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU). Our findings largely confirm past studies’ results that both external and domestic fundamentals matter in predicting crisis likelihood, but we find that small states and fixed exchange rate regimes are more sensitive to these fundamentals, compared to larger economies. Our empirical results also suggest that for currency board economies, keeping a high level of the foreign reserve cover—the “backing ratio” defined as official foreign reserves as a share of central bank demand liabilities—is critical to reduce the likelihood of both banking and currency crises. The backing ratio is particularly important during years of global economic downturn.
338 <47 + 57> --- 338 <575.3> --- 338.24 <575.3> --- situation economique --- developpement economique --- tadjikistan --- TJ / Tajikistan - Tadzjikistan - Tadjikistan --- 307.0 --- 331.31 --- 331.30 --- 330.580 --- 330.548 --- 338.047 --- 330.540 --- 338.24 <575.3> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Tadjikistan --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Tadjikistan --- 338 <575.3> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Tadjikistan --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Tadjikistan --- 338 <47 + 57> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--?<47+57> --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--?<47+57> --- economische toestand --- economische ontwikkeling --- tadzjikistan --- Algemene statistische documentatie. Statistische jaarboeken. Grafieken. Statistische gegevensbanken. --- Economisch beleid. --- Economische toestand. --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden. --- Nationalisatie. Privatiseringen. --- Privé en openbare bedrijven. Openbare diensten. Gemengde economie. --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden. --- Tajikistan --- -Tajikistan --- -Republic of Tajikistan --- Tadzhikistan --- Таджикистан --- Respublika Tadzhikistan --- Tajikstan --- Tojikiston --- Tadschikistan --- Jumkhurii Tojikiston --- Tajike si tan gong he guo --- Jumḣurii Tojikiston --- タジキスタン --- Tajikisutan --- Tajiquistão --- טג'יקיסטן --- Ṭag'ikisṭan --- Tadžikistan --- Tadzjikistan --- Tayikistán --- República de Tayikistán --- Tajik S.S.R. --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- -Economic policy --- -International finance --- Algemene statistische documentatie. Statistische jaarboeken. Grafieken. Statistische gegevensbanken --- Economisch beleid --- Economische toestand --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden --- Nationalisatie. Privatiseringen --- Privé en openbare bedrijven. Openbare diensten. Gemengde economie --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden --- International finance --- -338 <47 + 57> --- -Tajik S.S.R. --- Republic of Tajikistan --- -Economic conditions --- -Dominican Republic --- Macroeconomics --- Economics: General --- Banks and Banking --- Foreign Exchange --- Statistics --- Financial Risk Management --- Forecasting and Other Model Applications --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Financial Crises --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Open Economy Macroeconomics --- Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology --- Computer Programs: Other --- Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models --- Discrete Regressors --- Proportions --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economics of specific sectors --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Currency crises --- Financial crises --- Banking crises --- Conventional peg --- Financial statistics --- Economic and financial statistics --- Informal sector --- Economics --- Finance --- Econometric models --- Dominican Republic --- -Economic policy -
Choose an application
This occasional paper provides an overview of the economic reform experiences of the Central Asian states of the former Soviet Union since their independence at the turn of the decade. The choice of countries reflects not only a geographical grouping, but also similarities in the types of transition challenges faced by these countries notwithstanding considerable variations in their sizes, ethnic composition, resource endowments, and economic structures. The paper attempts to identify a number of key macroeconomic and structural areas where the slower reformers in the group might benefit from the experience of the faster reformes.
330.05 --- 338.958 --- 331.31 --- 331.33 --- CIS / Commonwealth Of Independant States - Gos - Cei --- KG / Kyrgyzstan - Kirghizistan --- KZ / Kazakhstan --- TJ / Tajikistan - Tadzjikistan - Tadjikistan --- TM / Turkmenistan --- UZ / Uzbekistan - Oezbekistan - Ouzbekistan --- 338.24 <574> --- 338.24 <575.1> --- 338.24 <575.2> --- 338.24 <575.3> --- 338.24 <575.4> --- 338.24 <575.1> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Uzbekistan --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Uzbekistan --- 338.24 <575.4> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Turkmenistan --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Turkmenistan --- 338.24 <575.3> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Tadjikistan --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Tadjikistan --- 338.24 <575.2> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Kirgizie --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Kirgizie --- 338.24 <574> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Kazakstan --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Kazakstan --- Economisch beleid --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik --- Asia, Central --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- Working papers --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Kyrgyzstan --- Uzbekistan --- Tajikistan --- Turkmenistan --- Kazakhstan --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- International economics --- Banking --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Monetary economics --- Budgeting & financial management --- External debt --- Exchange rates --- Currencies --- Exports --- Money --- Budget planning and preparation --- Public financial management (PFM) --- International trade --- Banks and banking --- Debts, External --- Budget --- Kyrgyz Republic
Choose an application
We present a simple model of petroleum exploration and development that can be applied to study the performance of alternative tax systems and identify potential distortions. Although the model is a highly simplified, it incorporates many factors and some of the key tradeoffs that would influence an investor’s investment behavior. The model recognizes the role of enhanced oil recovery and treats the impact of taxation on exploration and development in an integrated manner consistent with an investor’s joint optimization of investments at both stages of the process. The model is simple and user-friendly, which facilitates application to a broad range of problems.
TJ / Tajikistan - Tadzjikistan - Tadjikistan --- 307.0 --- 331.31 --- 331.30 --- 330.580 --- 330.548 --- 338.047 --- 330.540 --- Algemene statistische documentatie. Statistische jaarboeken. Grafieken. Statistische gegevensbanken. --- Economisch beleid. --- Economische toestand. --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden. --- Nationalisatie. Privatiseringen. --- Privé en openbare bedrijven. Openbare diensten. Gemengde economie. --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden. --- Petroleum industry and trade. --- Petroleum --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Mineral oils --- Energy industries --- Oil industries --- Taxation. --- Mathematical models. --- Taxation --- Tajikistan --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- E-books --- Algemene statistische documentatie. Statistische jaarboeken. Grafieken. Statistische gegevensbanken --- Economisch beleid --- Economische toestand --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden --- Nationalisatie. Privatiseringen --- Privé en openbare bedrijven. Openbare diensten. Gemengde economie --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden --- Investments: Energy --- Macroeconomics --- Corporate Taxation --- Efficiency --- Optimal Taxation --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels --- Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources --- Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development --- Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- Energy: General --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Investment & securities --- Public finance & taxation --- Corporate & business tax --- Oil prices --- Oil --- Corporate income tax --- Marginal effective tax rate --- Production sharing --- Commodities --- Taxes --- Tax policy --- Corporations --- Tax administration and procedure --- Oil and gas leases --- Papua New Guinea
Choose an application
For the first time a comprehensive presentation of the development of urban cultures in Central Asia from the Early Bronze Age (around 3000 BC) to the Middle Ages (about 1200 AD) is exemplarily illuminated in this book on the basis of individual research projects. The treated area extends from Turkmenistan to Mongolia and was home to cultures such as the Bronze Age Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC), the Sogdian of the Iron Age, the early Parthian or various early medieval ones, namely in the Zhetysu (?Seven Stream country?) in the southeast of Kazakhstan. The urban civilizations that developed here were closely interrelated, on the one hand, with the cultures of the nomadic ranchers who traversed and inhabited this vast region and, on the other hand, with the more developed neighboring civilizations of the Near East and the Far East. Thus, the region became a diverse exchange zone of cultural and religious influences and also played a major role in the transmission of cultural impulses.0The richly illustrated book reflects the contributions of a conference that took place in Bern in 2016 and includes 28 contributions from 50 researchers from 14 countries. The results of many of the excavations presented here will be published in English for the first time. Each article is accompanied by an extensive bibliography and a Russian abstract.
Cities and towns --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- History --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Global cities --- Municipalities --- Towns --- Urban areas --- Urban systems --- Human settlements --- Sociology, Urban --- Asia, Central --- Central Asia. --- Kasachstan --- Kirgisien --- Tadschikistan --- Turkmenistan --- Usbekistan --- Central Asia (general region) --- Civilization --- Kirgisistan --- Kirgistan --- Kyrgyzstan --- Kyrgysstan --- Kirgisische Republik --- Kirgizija --- Kyrgyzskaja Respublika --- Kyrgyz Respublikasy --- Respublika Kyrgyzstan --- Republic of Kyrgyzstan --- Кыргыз Республикасы --- Кыргызстан --- Kirgisische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik --- 1991 --- -Kasachien --- Qazaqstan --- Qazaqstan Respublikasy --- Republik Kasachstan --- Ķazaķstan --- Ķazaķstan Respublikasy --- Kazachstan --- Respublika Kazachstan --- Kazakhstan --- Republic of Kazakhstan --- Kazakstan --- Казахстан --- Kasachen --- Kasachische SSR --- 10.12.1991 --- -Asia, Central --- Soviet Central Asia --- Tūrān --- Turkestan --- West Turkestan --- Asia --- Central Asia --- Tajikistan --- Toǵikiston --- Tadžikistan --- Ǵumḩurii Toǵikiston --- Respublika Tadžikistan --- Tožikiston --- Tadjikistan --- Tayikistan --- Tojikiston --- Todschikiston --- Tožikiston Žumḩurijati --- Republik Tadschikistan --- Tochikiston --- Тоҷикистон --- Republic of Tajikistan --- تاجیکستان --- Республика Таджикистан --- Tadschikische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik --- 31.08.1991 --- -O'zbekiston Respublikasi --- Usbekien --- Özbekiston Jumhuriyati --- Oʹzbekiston --- Ŭzbekiston --- Ŭzbekiston Respublikasi --- Uzbekistan --- Ouzbekistan --- Respublika Uzbekistan --- Republic of Uzbekistan --- Republik Usbekistan --- Oʹzbekiston Respublikasi --- Ўзбекистон Республикаси --- Usbeken --- Usbekische SSR --- 01.09.1991 --- -Turkmenische SSR --- Turkmenien --- Turkmenskaja SSR --- Türkmenistan --- Türkmenistan Respublikasy --- Turkmenia --- Respublika Turkmenistan --- Republic of Turkmenistan --- Turkmenostan Respublikasy --- Turkmenen --- 27.10.1991 --- -History
Listing 1 - 6 of 6 |
Sort by
|