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This informative and state-of-the-art book on Infrared Spectroscopy is addressed to Researchers in Medicine as well as to Pharmaceutical Industry and Agriculture. It features 7 specialized chapters of MIRS and NIRS covering applications in proteins and biopolymers; food quality research and food safety applications; and medical applications, such as Down syndrome disorders of tooth, probing of brain oxygen, the role of CO2 in blood pressure and diagnosis of metastatic cancer. This book highlights the span of modern Infrared applications.

Infrared spectroscopy. --- Infra-red spectrometry --- Infrared spectrometry --- Spectrometry, Infrared --- Spectroscopy, Infrared --- Optical spectroscopy --- Organic chemistry

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Biosensors are analytical devices capable of providing quantitative or semi-quantitative information by using a biological recognition element and a transducer. Depending upon the nature of the recognition element, different surface sensitive techniques can be applied to monitor these molecular interactions. In order to increase sensitivities and to lower detection limits down to even individual molecules, nanomaterials are promising candidates. This is possible due to the potential to immobilize more bioreceptor units at reduced volumes and their ability to act as transduction elements by themselves. Among such nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, polymer nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, and graphene are intensively studied. Biosensors provide rapid, real-time, accurate, and reliable information about the analyte under investigation and have been envisioned in a wide range of analytical applications, including medicine, food safety, bioprocessing, environmental/industrial monitoring, and electronics. A variety of biosensors, such as optical, spectroscopic, molecular, thermal, and piezoelectric, have been studied and applied in countless fields. In this book, examples of spectroscopic and optical biosensors and immunoassays are presented. Furthermore, two comprehensive reviews on optical biosensors are included

brain tumour diagnosis --- classification --- forward feature extraction algorithm --- intraoperative use --- Raman spectroscopy --- Raman probe --- SERS on ultrafine solid supports --- glass coverslips --- BPE --- thiol-DNA probe --- annealed gold nanostructures --- Brucella abortus --- Brucella melitensis --- Brucella suis --- optical fiber --- biosensor --- nucleotide probe --- light transmission --- diagnosis --- silver nanoparticles --- synthesis --- coating --- alloy --- core@shell --- LSPR --- biosensors --- water pollution --- environmental water --- drinking water --- milk --- heavy metal ions --- detection limits --- optical spectroscopy --- proteins --- functional nucleic acids --- flow-through immunoassay --- lateral flow immunoassay --- food allergen --- multiplex --- smartphone analysis --- carbon nanoparticle labeling

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Jöbsis was the first to describe the in vivo application of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), also called diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS). NIRS was originally designed for the clinical monitoring of tissue oxygenation, and today it has also become a useful tool for neuroimaging studies (functional near-infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS). However, difficulties in the selective and quantitative measurements of tissue hemoglobin (Hb), which have been central in the NIRS field for over 40 years, remain to be solved. To overcome these problems, time-domain (TD) and frequency-domain (FD) measurements have been tried. Presently, a wide range of NIRS instruments are available, including commonly available commercial instruments for continuous wave (CW) measurements, based on the modified Beer–Lambert law (steady-state domain measurements). Among these measurements, the TD measurement is the most promising approach, although compared with CW and FD measurements, TD measurements are less common, due to the need for large and expensive instruments with poor temporal resolution and limited dynamic range. However, thanks to technological developments, TD measurements are increasingly being used in research, and also in various clinical settings. This Special Issue highlights issues at the cutting edge of TD DOS and diffuse optical tomography (DOT). It covers all aspects related to TD measurements, including advances in hardware, methodology, the theory of light propagation, and clinical applications.

breast cancer --- diffuse optical spectroscopy --- chemotherapy --- time-domain spectroscopy --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- radiative transfer equation --- diffusion equation --- biological tissue --- time-domain instruments --- light propagation in tissue --- optical properties of tissue --- diffuse optical tomography --- fluorescence diffuse optical tomography --- time-resolved spectroscopy --- NIRS --- diffuse optics --- time-domain --- time-resolved --- brain oxygenation --- tissue saturation --- scattering --- absorption --- 3-hour sitting --- near infrared time-resolved spectroscopy --- compression stocking --- tissue oxygenation --- extracellular water --- intracellular water --- circumference --- gastrocnemius --- neonate --- vaginal delivery --- cerebral blood volume --- cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation --- near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy --- near infrared spectroscopy --- aging --- prefrontal cortex --- TRS --- magnetic resonance imaging --- brain atrophy --- VSRAD --- optical pathlength --- hemoglobin --- cognitive function --- time-domain NIRS --- null source-detector separation --- brain --- noninvasive --- subcutaneous white adipose tissue --- tissue total hemoglobin --- diffuse light --- inverse problems --- optical tomography --- inverse problem --- datatypes --- diffusion approximation --- highly forward scattering of photons --- diffusion and delta-Eddington approximations --- characteristic length and time scales of photon transport --- n/a