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Individual-based models are an exciting and widely used new tool for ecology. These computational models allow scientists to explore the mechanisms through which population and ecosystem ecology arises from how individuals interact with each other and their environment. This book provides the first in-depth treatment of individual-based modeling and its use to develop theoretical understanding of how ecological systems work, an approach the authors call "individual-based ecology.? Grimm and Railsback start with a general primer on modeling: how to design models that are as simple as possible while still allowing specific problems to be solved, and how to move efficiently through a cycle of pattern-oriented model design, implementation, and analysis. Next, they address the problems of theory and conceptual framework for individual-based ecology: What is "theory"? That is, how do we develop reusable models of how system dynamics arise from characteristics of individuals? What conceptual framework do we use when the classical differential equation framework no longer applies? An extensive review illustrates the ecological problems that have been addressed with individual-based models. The authors then identify how the mechanics of building and using individual-based models differ from those of traditional science, and provide guidance on formulating, programming, and analyzing models. This book will be helpful to ecologists interested in modeling, and to other scientists interested in agent-based modeling.

Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- Human ecology. Social biology --- Population Dynamics --- Models, Theoretical --- Ecology --- Population biology --- Biotic communities --- Biologie des populations --- Mathematical models --- Modèles mathématiques --- Mathematical models. --- Modèles mathématiques --- Ecology. --- Models, Theoretical. --- Population Dynamics. --- Demographic Aging --- Demographic Transition --- Optimum Population --- Population Decrease --- Population Pressure --- Population Replacement --- Population Theory --- Residential Mobility --- Rural-Urban Migration --- Stable Population --- Stationary Population --- Malthusianism --- Neomalthusianism --- Aging, Demographic --- Decrease, Population --- Decreases, Population --- Demographic Transitions --- Dynamics, Population --- Migration, Rural-Urban --- Migrations, Rural-Urban --- Mobilities, Residential --- Mobility, Residential --- Optimum Populations --- Population Decreases --- Population Pressures --- Population Replacements --- Population Theories --- Population, Optimum --- Population, Stable --- Population, Stationary --- Populations, Optimum --- Populations, Stable --- Populations, Stationary --- Pressure, Population --- Pressures, Population --- Replacement, Population --- Replacements, Population --- Residential Mobilities --- Rural Urban Migration --- Rural-Urban Migrations --- Stable Populations --- Stationary Populations --- Theories, Population --- Theory, Population --- Transition, Demographic --- Transitions, Demographic --- Life History Traits --- Genetics, Population --- Experimental Model --- Experimental Models --- Mathematical Model --- Model, Experimental --- Models (Theoretical) --- Models, Experimental --- Models, Theoretic --- Theoretical Study --- Mathematical Models --- Model (Theoretical) --- Model, Mathematical --- Model, Theoretical --- Models, Mathematical --- Studies, Theoretical --- Study, Theoretical --- Theoretical Model --- Theoretical Models --- Theoretical Studies --- Computer Simulation --- Systems Theory --- Environmental Science --- Bionomics --- Ecologies --- Environmental Sciences --- Science, Environmental --- Sciences, Environmental --- Environmental Psychology --- Conservation of Natural Resources --- Environmental Health --- Ecosystem --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology - Mathematical models --- Biotic communities - Mathematical models

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Demography --- Population research --- Population --- Research --- Demography. --- Population Dynamics. --- Démographie --- Population research. --- Recherche --- Historical demography --- Social sciences --- Vital statistics --- Demographic Aging --- Demographic Transition --- Optimum Population --- Population Decrease --- Population Pressure --- Population Replacement --- Population Theory --- Residential Mobility --- Rural-Urban Migration --- Stable Population --- Stationary Population --- Malthusianism --- Neomalthusianism --- Aging, Demographic --- Decrease, Population --- Decreases, Population --- Demographic Transitions --- Dynamics, Population --- Migration, Rural-Urban --- Migrations, Rural-Urban --- Mobilities, Residential --- Mobility, Residential --- Optimum Populations --- Population Decreases --- Population Pressures --- Population Replacements --- Population Theories --- Population, Optimum --- Population, Stable --- Population, Stationary --- Populations, Optimum --- Populations, Stable --- Populations, Stationary --- Pressure, Population --- Pressures, Population --- Replacement, Population --- Replacements, Population --- Residential Mobilities --- Rural Urban Migration --- Rural-Urban Migrations --- Stable Populations --- Stationary Populations --- Theories, Population --- Theory, Population --- Transition, Demographic --- Transitions, Demographic --- Life History Traits --- Genetics, Population --- Accounting, Demographic --- Analyses, Demographic --- Analyses, Multiregional --- Analysis, Period --- Brass Technic --- Brass Technique --- Demographers --- Demographic Accounting --- Demographic Analysis --- Demographic Factor --- Demographic Factors --- Demographic Impact --- Demographic Impacts --- Demographic Survey --- Demographic Surveys --- Demographic and Health Surveys --- Demographics --- Demography, Historical --- Demography, Prehistoric --- Factor, Demographic --- Factors, Demographic --- Family Reconstitution --- Historical Demography --- Impact, Demographic --- Impacts, Demographic --- Multiregional Analysis --- Period Analysis --- Population Spatial Distribution --- Prehistoric Demography --- Reverse Survival Method --- Stable Population Method --- Survey, Demographic --- Surveys, Demographic --- Population Distribution --- Analyses, Period --- Analysis, Demographic --- Analysis, Multiregional --- Demographer --- Demographic Analyses --- Demographies, Historical --- Demographies, Prehistoric --- Distribution, Population --- Distribution, Population Spatial --- Distributions, Population --- Distributions, Population Spatial --- Family Reconstitutions --- Historical Demographies --- Method, Reverse Survival --- Method, Stable Population --- Methods, Reverse Survival --- Methods, Stable Population --- Multiregional Analyses --- Period Analyses --- Population Distributions --- Population Methods, Stable --- Population Spatial Distributions --- Prehistoric Demographies --- Reconstitution, Family --- Reconstitutions, Family --- Reverse Survival Methods --- Spatial Distribution, Population --- Spatial Distributions, Population --- Stable Population Methods --- Technic, Brass --- Technique, Brass --- Démographie --- Demographic --- Demographic and Health Survey

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Demography --- Demography. --- Population Dynamics. --- População. --- Population. --- Brazil --- Brazil. --- Population --- Historical demography --- Demographic Aging --- Demographic Transition --- Optimum Population --- Population Decrease --- Population Pressure --- Population Replacement --- Population Theory --- Residential Mobility --- Rural-Urban Migration --- Stable Population --- Stationary Population --- Malthusianism --- Neomalthusianism --- Aging, Demographic --- Decrease, Population --- Decreases, Population --- Demographic Transitions --- Dynamics, Population --- Migration, Rural-Urban --- Migrations, Rural-Urban --- Mobilities, Residential --- Mobility, Residential --- Optimum Populations --- Population Decreases --- Population Pressures --- Population Replacements --- Population Theories --- Population, Optimum --- Population, Stable --- Population, Stationary --- Populations, Optimum --- Populations, Stable --- Populations, Stationary --- Pressure, Population --- Pressures, Population --- Replacement, Population --- Replacements, Population --- Residential Mobilities --- Rural Urban Migration --- Rural-Urban Migrations --- Stable Populations --- Stationary Populations --- Theories, Population --- Theory, Population --- Transition, Demographic --- Transitions, Demographic --- Accounting, Demographic --- Analyses, Demographic --- Analyses, Multiregional --- Analysis, Period --- Brass Technic --- Brass Technique --- Demographers --- Demographic Accounting --- Demographic Analysis --- Demographic Factor --- Demographic Factors --- Demographic Impact --- Demographic Impacts --- Demographic Survey --- Demographic Surveys --- Demographic and Health Surveys --- Demographics --- Demography, Historical --- Demography, Prehistoric --- Factor, Demographic --- Factors, Demographic --- Family Reconstitution --- Historical Demography --- Impact, Demographic --- Impacts, Demographic --- Multiregional Analysis --- Period Analysis --- Population Spatial Distribution --- Prehistoric Demography --- Reverse Survival Method --- Stable Population Method --- Survey, Demographic --- Surveys, Demographic --- Population Distribution --- Analyses, Period --- Analysis, Demographic --- Analysis, Multiregional --- Demographer --- Demographic Analyses --- Demographies, Historical --- Demographies, Prehistoric --- Distribution, Population --- Distribution, Population Spatial --- Distributions, Population --- Distributions, Population Spatial --- Family Reconstitutions --- Historical Demographies --- Method, Reverse Survival --- Method, Stable Population --- Methods, Reverse Survival --- Methods, Stable Population --- Multiregional Analyses --- Period Analyses --- Population Distributions --- Population Methods, Stable --- Population Spatial Distributions --- Prehistoric Demographies --- Reconstitution, Family --- Reconstitutions, Family --- Reverse Survival Methods --- Spatial Distribution, Population --- Spatial Distributions, Population --- Stable Population Methods --- Technic, Brass --- Technique, Brass --- Human population --- Human populations --- Population growth --- Populations, Human --- Brazylia --- República Federativa do Brasil --- Brasil --- République fédérative du Brésil --- Brésil --- Brasilien --- Pa-hsi --- Federative Republic of Brazil --- Brasile --- Brazilië --- Brazilia --- Бразил --- Федерациэм Республикэ Бразил --- Federat︠s︡iėm Respublikė Brazil --- Brasilië --- Federale Republiek van Brasilië --- البرازيل --- al-Barāzīl --- برازيل --- Barāzīl --- Rèpublica fèdèrativa du Brèsil --- Pindorama --- Tetã Pindorama --- Wrasil --- Tantasqa Republika Wrasil --- Braziliya --- Braziliya Federativ Respublikası --- Pa-se --- Pa-se Liân-pang Kiōng-hô-kok --- Бразилия --- Brazilii︠a︡ --- Бразилия Федератив Республикаhы --- Brazilii︠a︡ Federativ Respublikaḣy --- Бразілія --- Федэратыўная Рэспубліка Бразілія --- Fedėratyŭnai︠a︡ Rėspublika Brazilii︠a︡ --- Федеративна република Бразилия --- Federativna republika Brazilii︠a︡ --- Federativna republika Brazil --- Republik Kevreel Brazil --- República Federal del Brasil --- Бразили --- Brazili --- Бразили Федеративлă Республики --- Brazili Federativlă Respubliki --- Brazilská federativní republika --- Pederatibong Republika sa Brasil --- Republica Federativa del Brazil --- Republica Federale di u Brasile --- Gweriniaeth Ffederal Brasil --- Brasilia --- ブラジル --- Burajiru --- Social sciences --- Vital statistics --- Life History Traits --- Genetics, Population --- Economics --- Human ecology --- Sociology --- Brasili --- Brazilii͡ --- Brazilii͡a Federativ Respublikaḣy --- Federale Republiek van Brasili --- Federativna republika Brazilii͡ --- Federat͡siėm Respublikė Brazil --- Fedėratyŭnai͡a Rėspublika Brazilii͡ --- Demographic --- Demographic and Health Survey

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Addresses relevant questions like: Will population growth reduce the growth rate of per capita income because it reduces the per capita availability of exhaustible resources?; how about for renewable resources; will population growth aggravate degradation of the natural environment?; and does more rapid growth reduce worker output and consumption?

BUSINESS & ECONOMICS --- Development / Economic Development --- Economics --- Public Policy --- Politics --- Population Dynamics --- Developing Countries --- Demography --- Population Growth --- Socioeconomic Factors --- Population --- Social Planning --- Population Characteristics --- Social Control Policies --- Epidemiologic Measurements --- Social Sciences --- International Cooperation --- Sociology --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Internationality --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Health Care --- Policy --- Public Health --- Social Control, Formal --- Environment and Public Health --- AA / International- internationaal --- LDC / Developping Countries - Pays En Développement --- 338.340 --- 311.81 --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld. --- Groei en vermindering van de bevolking. Economische theorie van de groeiende en afnemende bevolking. --- Developing countries --- Economic policy. --- Population. --- Economic conditions. --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Public --- Policies --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Globalization --- International Aspects --- International Perspectives --- International Relations --- Multinational Aspects --- Multinational Perspectives --- Aspect, International --- Aspect, Multinational --- Aspects, International --- Aspects, Multinational --- International Aspect --- International Perspective --- Multinational Aspect --- Multinational Perspective --- Perspective, International --- Perspective, Multinational --- Perspectives, International --- Perspectives, Multinational --- Relations, International --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- General Social Development and Population --- Treaties --- Foreign Aid --- Aid, Foreign --- Cooperation, International --- Treaty --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Measurements, Epidemiologic --- Epidemiologic Measurement --- Measurement, Epidemiologic --- Control Policies, Social --- Control Policy, Social --- Policies, Social Control --- Policy, Social Control --- Social Control Policy --- Population Heterogeneity --- Population Statistics --- Characteristic, Population --- Characteristics, Population --- Heterogeneity, Population --- Population Characteristic --- Statistics, Population --- Community Development --- Development Planning --- Development Plans --- Rural Development --- Community Developments --- Development Plan --- Development Plannings --- Development, Community --- Development, Rural --- Developments, Community --- Developments, Rural --- Plan, Development --- Planning, Development --- Planning, Social --- Plannings, Development --- Plannings, Social --- Plans, Development --- Rural Developments --- Social Plannings --- School Age Population --- School-Age Population --- Population, School Age --- Population, School-Age --- Populations --- Populations, School Age --- Populations, School-Age --- School Age Populations --- School-Age Populations --- Factors, Socioeconomic --- High-Income Population --- Inequalities --- Land Tenure --- Standard of Living --- Factor, Socioeconomic --- High Income Population --- High-Income Populations --- Inequality --- Living Standard --- Living Standards --- Population, High-Income --- Populations, High-Income --- Socioeconomic Factor --- Tenure, Land --- Baby Boom --- Baby Bust --- High Fertility Population --- Natural Increase --- Past Trends --- Population Growth and Natural Resources --- Population Size and Growth --- Zero Population Growth --- Population Explosion --- Baby Booms --- Baby Busts --- Explosion, Population --- Explosions, Population --- Growth, Population --- High Fertility Populations --- Increase, Natural --- Increases, Natural --- Natural Increases --- Past Trend --- Population Explosions --- Population, High Fertility --- Populations, High Fertility --- Trend, Past --- Trends, Past --- Accounting, Demographic --- Analyses, Demographic --- Analyses, Multiregional --- Analysis, Period --- Brass Technic --- Brass Technique --- Demographers --- Demographic Accounting --- Demographic Analysis --- Demographic Factor --- Demographic Factors --- Demographic Impact --- Demographic Impacts --- Demographic Survey --- Demographic Surveys --- Demographic and Health Surveys --- Demographics --- Demography, Historical --- Demography, Prehistoric --- Factor, Demographic --- Factors, Demographic --- Family Reconstitution --- Historical Demography --- Impact, Demographic --- Impacts, Demographic --- Multiregional Analysis --- Period Analysis --- Population Spatial Distribution --- Prehistoric Demography --- Reverse Survival Method --- Stable Population Method --- Survey, Demographic --- Surveys, Demographic --- Population Distribution --- Analyses, Period --- Analysis, Demographic --- Analysis, Multiregional --- Demographer --- Demographic Analyses --- Demographies, Historical --- Demographies, Prehistoric --- Distribution, Population --- Distribution, Population Spatial --- Distributions, Population --- Distributions, Population Spatial --- Family Reconstitutions --- Historical Demographies --- Method, Reverse Survival --- Method, Stable Population --- Methods, Reverse Survival --- Methods, Stable Population --- Multiregional Analyses --- Period Analyses --- Population Distributions --- Population Methods, Stable --- Population Spatial Distributions --- Prehistoric Demographies --- Reconstitution, Family --- Reconstitutions, Family --- Reverse Survival Methods --- Spatial Distribution, Population --- Spatial Distributions, Population --- Stable Population Methods --- Technic, Brass --- Technique, Brass --- Developing Nations --- Least Developed Countries --- Less-Developed Nations --- Third-World Nations --- Under-Developed Nations --- Less-Developed Countries --- Third-World Countries --- Under-Developed Countries --- Countries, Developing --- Countries, Least Developed --- Countries, Less-Developed --- Countries, Third-World --- Countries, Under-Developed --- Country, Developing --- Country, Least Developed --- Country, Less-Developed --- Country, Third-World --- Country, Under-Developed --- Developed Countries, Least --- Developed Country, Least --- Developing Country --- Developing Nation --- Least Developed Country --- Less Developed Countries --- Less Developed Nations --- Less-Developed Country --- Less-Developed Nation --- Nation, Less-Developed --- Nation, Third-World --- Nation, Under-Developed --- Nations, Developing --- Nations, Less-Developed --- Nations, Third-World --- Nations, Under-Developed --- Third World Countries --- Third World Nations --- Third-World Country --- Third-World Nation --- Under Developed Countries --- Under Developed Nations --- Under-Developed Country --- Under-Developed Nation --- Demographic Aging --- Demographic Transition --- Optimum Population --- Population Decrease --- Population Pressure --- Population Replacement --- Population Theory --- Residential Mobility --- Rural-Urban Migration --- Stable Population --- Stationary Population --- Malthusianism --- Neomalthusianism --- Aging, Demographic --- Decrease, Population --- Decreases, Population --- Demographic Transitions --- Dynamics, Population --- Migration, Rural-Urban --- Migrations, Rural-Urban --- Mobilities, Residential --- Mobility, Residential --- Optimum Populations --- Population Decreases --- Population Pressures --- Population Replacements --- Population Theories --- Population, Optimum --- Population, Stable --- Population, Stationary --- Populations, Optimum --- Populations, Stable --- Populations, Stationary --- Pressure, Population --- Pressures, Population --- Replacement, Population --- Replacements, Population --- Residential Mobilities --- Rural Urban Migration --- Rural-Urban Migrations --- Stable Populations --- Stationary Populations --- Theories, Population --- Theory, Population --- Transition, Demographic --- Transitions, Demographic --- Conservatism --- Decentralization --- Liberalism --- Political Factors --- Voting --- Political Activity --- Activities, Political --- Activity, Political --- Factor, Political --- Factors, Political --- Political Activities --- Political Factor --- Migration Policy --- Population Policy --- Social Protection --- Social Policy --- Migration Policies --- Policies, Migration --- Policies, Population --- Policies, Public --- Policies, Social --- Policy, Migration --- Policy, Population --- Policy, Public --- Policy, Social --- Population Policies --- Protection, Social --- Public Policies --- Social Policies --- Capital --- Conditions, Economic --- Consumption --- Cost of Living --- Easterlin Hypothesis --- Economic Conditions --- Economic Factors --- Economic Policies --- Economic Policy --- Economics, Home --- Factors, Economic --- Home Economics --- Household Consumption --- Macroeconomic Factors --- Microeconomic Factors --- Policies, Economic --- Policy, Economic --- Production --- Remittances --- Utility Theory --- Consumer Price Index --- Condition, Economic --- Consumer Price Indices --- Consumption, Household --- Economic Condition --- Economic Factor --- Factor, Economic --- Factor, Macroeconomic --- Factor, Microeconomic --- Factors, Macroeconomic --- Factors, Microeconomic --- Household Consumptions --- Hypothesis, Easterlin --- Index, Consumer Price --- Indices, Consumer Price --- Living Cost --- Living Costs --- Remittance --- Theories, Utility --- Theory, Utility --- Utility Theories --- Community Health --- Health, Community --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- International Law --- Planning Techniques --- Population Forecast --- Life History Traits --- Genetics, Population --- Dissent and Disputes --- Policy Making --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld --- Groei en vermindering van de bevolking. Economische theorie van de groeiende en afnemende bevolking

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"This book concentrates on the different ways in which the major world religions view the problems of overpopulation and excess resource consumption and how they approach possible solutions. After examining the natural background and the human context, the book moves on to consider both religious and secular approaches. It analyzes how a particular religion's scriptures comment on the nature of people, the environment, people's place in the environment, and their roles and responsibilities. The historical dimension is derived from reviewing a particular religion's record in teaching about these issues, often demonstrating how broader issues are addressed. Practical lessons are learned from religious guidelines that deal with current problems and offer solutions. The authors consider Aboriginal spirituality, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Chinese religions. The secular approaches include secular ethics, North-South relations, market forces, the status of women, and international law." (Excerpt).

Population policy --- Population --- Nature --- Consumption (Economics) --- Population Density. --- Religion. --- Conservation of Natural Resources. --- Population Control. --- Public Policy. --- Economics --- Environment --- Health Resources --- Women's Rights --- Conservation of Natural Resources --- Population Density --- Population Control --- Public Policy --- Ethics --- Socioeconomic Factors --- Organization and Administration --- Legislation as Topic --- Religion --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Ecological and Environmental Phenomena --- Health Planning --- Humanities --- Population Dynamics --- Sociology --- Morals --- Delivery of Health Care --- Social Control, Formal --- Human Rights --- Demography --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Philosophy --- Social Control Policies --- Environment and Public Health --- Social Sciences --- Population Characteristics --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Health Services Administration --- Policy --- Epidemiologic Measurements --- Health Care --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Biological Phenomena --- Psychology, Social --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Public Health --- Phenomena and Processes --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Business & Economics --- Ecological and Environmental Concepts --- Ecological and Environmental Processes --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Health Care Economics --- Health Economics --- Healthcare Economics --- Care Economic, Health --- Economic, Health --- Economic, Health Care --- Economic, Healthcare --- Economics, Health Care --- Health Care Economic --- Health Economic --- Healthcare Economic --- Prayer --- Religious Beliefs --- Religious Ethics --- Beliefs, Religious --- Ethic, Religious --- Prayers --- Religions --- Religious Belief --- Spiritual Therapies --- Secularism --- Constitutional Amendments --- Health Legislation as Topic --- Laws and Statutes --- Legislation, Health --- Model Legislation --- Population Law --- Statutes and Laws --- Health Legislation --- Amendment, Constitutional --- Amendments, Constitutional --- Constitutional Amendment --- Law, Population --- Laws, Population --- Legislation, Model --- Population Laws --- Demographic Effectiveness --- Population Programs --- Population Programs, Goals --- Control, Population --- Controls, Population --- Effectiveness, Demographic --- Population Controls --- Population Program --- Program, Population --- Programs, Population --- Contraception --- Sterilization, Reproductive --- Administration and Organization --- Administrative Technics --- Administrative Techniques --- Coordination, Administrative --- Logistics --- Supervision --- Technics, Administrative --- Techniques, Administrative --- Administration --- Administrative Coordination --- Administrative Technic --- Administrative Technique --- Technic, Administrative --- Technique, Administrative --- Overpopulation --- Population Size --- Underpopulation --- Densities, Population --- Density, Population --- Population Densities --- Population Sizes --- Factors, Socioeconomic --- High-Income Population --- Land Tenure --- Standard of Living --- Social Inequalities --- Social Inequality --- Factor, Socioeconomic --- High Income Population --- High-Income Populations --- Inequalities, Social --- Inequality, Social --- Living Standard --- Living Standards --- Population, High-Income --- Populations, High-Income --- Socioeconomic Factor --- Tenure, Land --- Carrying Capacity --- Deforestation --- Desertification --- Environmental Protection --- Natural Resources Conservation --- Protection, Environmental --- Capacities, Carrying --- Capacity, Carrying --- Carrying Capacities --- Conservation, Natural Resources --- Natural Resources --- Egoism --- Ethical Issues --- Metaethics --- Moral Policy --- Natural Law --- Situational Ethics --- Ethical Issue --- Ethics, Situational --- Issue, Ethical --- Issues, Ethical --- Law, Natural --- Laws, Natural --- Moral Policies --- Natural Laws --- Policies, Moral --- Policy, Moral --- Censorship, Research --- Affirmative Action --- Migration Policy --- Population Policy --- Social Protection --- Social Policy --- Action, Affirmative --- Migration Policies --- Policies, Migration --- Policies, Population --- Policies, Public --- Policies, Social --- Policy, Migration --- Policy, Population --- Policy, Public --- Policy, Social --- Population Policies --- Protection, Social --- Public Policies --- Social Policies --- Policy Making --- Resources --- Health Resource --- Resource --- Resource, Health --- Resources, Health --- Environmental Impact --- Environmental Impacts --- Impact, Environmental --- Impacts, Environmental --- Environments --- Environmental Health --- Capital --- Conditions, Economic --- Consumption --- Cost of Living --- Easterlin Hypothesis --- Economic Conditions --- Economic Policies --- Economic Policy --- Economics, Home --- Home Economics --- Household Consumption --- Macroeconomic Factors --- Microeconomic Factors --- Policies, Economic --- Policy, Economic --- Production --- Remittances --- Utility Theory --- Consumer Price Index --- Condition, Economic --- Consumer Price Indices --- Consumption, Household --- Economic Condition --- Factor, Macroeconomic --- Factor, Microeconomic --- Factors, Macroeconomic --- Factors, Microeconomic --- Household Consumptions --- Hypothesis, Easterlin --- Index, Consumer Price --- Indices, Consumer Price --- Living Cost --- Living Costs --- Remittance --- Theories, Utility --- Theory, Utility --- Utility Theories --- Consumer demand --- Consumer spending --- Consumerism --- Spending, Consumer --- Demand (Economic theory) --- Anthropogenic effects on nature --- Ecological footprint --- Human beings --- Anthropogenic soils --- Human ecology --- Human population --- Human populations --- Population growth --- Populations, Human --- Malthusianism --- Community Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Community --- Health, Public --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- Behavior And Behavior Mechanism --- Psychology, Perceptual --- Social Psychology --- Perceptual Psychology --- Biologic Phenomena --- Biological Phenomenon --- Biological Process --- Phenomena, Biological --- Biological Processes --- Phenomena, Biologic --- Phenomenon, Biological --- Process, Biological --- Processes, Biological --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Measurements, Epidemiologic --- Epidemiologic Measurement --- Measurement, Epidemiologic --- Policies --- Administration, Health Services --- Health Services --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Population Heterogeneity --- Population Statistics --- Characteristic, Population --- Characteristics, Population --- Heterogeneity, Population --- Population Characteristic --- Statistics, Population --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Control Policies, Social --- Control Policy, Social --- Policies, Social Control --- Policy, Social Control --- Social Control Policy --- Pharmacy Philosophy --- Philosophical Overview --- Hedonism --- Stoicism --- Overview, Philosophical --- Overviews, Philosophical --- Pharmacy Philosophies --- Philosophical Overviews --- Philosophies --- Philosophies, Pharmacy --- Philosophy, Pharmacy --- Accounting, Demographic --- Analyses, Demographic --- Analyses, Multiregional --- Analysis, Period --- Brass Technic --- Brass Technique --- Demographers --- Demographic Accounting --- Demographic Analysis --- Demographic Factor --- Demographic Factors --- Demographic Impact --- Demographic Impacts --- Demographic Survey --- Demographic Surveys --- Demographic and Health Surveys --- Demographics --- Demography, Historical --- Demography, Prehistoric --- Factor, Demographic --- Factors, Demographic --- Family Reconstitution --- Historical Demography --- Impact, Demographic --- Impacts, Demographic --- Multiregional Analysis --- Period Analysis --- Population Spatial Distribution --- Prehistoric Demography --- Reverse Survival Method --- Stable Population Method --- Survey, Demographic --- Surveys, Demographic --- Demographer --- Demographic --- Demographic and Health Survey --- Population Distribution --- Analyses, Period --- Analysis, Demographic --- Analysis, Multiregional --- Demographic Analyses --- Demographies, Historical --- Demographies, Prehistoric --- Distribution, Population --- Distribution, Population Spatial --- Distributions, Population --- Distributions, Population Spatial --- Family Reconstitutions --- Historical Demographies --- Method, Reverse Survival --- Method, Stable Population --- Methods, Reverse Survival --- Methods, Stable Population --- Multiregional Analyses --- Period Analyses --- Population Distributions --- Population Methods, Stable --- Population Spatial Distributions --- Prehistoric Demographies --- Reconstitution, Family --- Reconstitutions, Family --- Reverse Survival Methods --- Spatial Distribution, Population --- Spatial Distributions, Population --- Stable Population Methods --- Technic, Brass --- Technique, Brass --- Collective Human Rights --- Equal Rights --- Linguistic Rights --- Right to Housing and Shelter --- Rights of Indigenous Peoples --- Human Rights, Collective --- Indigenous Peoples Rights --- Rights, Collective Human --- Rights, Equal --- Rights, Linguistic --- Social Justice --- Human Rights Abuses --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Morality --- Retrospective Moral Judgment --- General Social Development and Population --- Demographic Aging --- Demographic Transition --- Optimum Population --- Population Decrease --- Population Pressure --- Population Replacement --- Population Theory --- Residential Mobility --- Rural-Urban Migration --- Stable Population --- Stationary Population --- Neomalthusianism --- Aging, Demographic --- Decrease, Population --- Decreases, Population --- Demographic Transitions --- Dynamics, Population --- Migration, Rural-Urban --- Migrations, Rural-Urban --- Mobilities, Residential --- Mobility, Residential --- Optimum Populations --- Population Decreases --- Population Pressures --- Population Replacements --- Population Theories --- Population, Optimum --- Population, Stable --- Population, Stationary --- Populations, Optimum --- Populations, Stable --- Populations, Stationary --- Pressure, Population --- Pressures, Population --- Replacement, Population --- Replacements, Population --- Residential Mobilities --- Rural Urban Migration --- Rural-Urban Migrations --- Stable Populations --- Stationary Populations --- Theories, Population --- Theory, Population --- Transition, Demographic --- Transitions, Demographic --- Life History Traits --- Genetics, Population --- PL93-641 --- Public Law 93-641 --- Health and Welfare Planning --- National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974 --- Planning, Health and Welfare --- State Health Planning, United States --- Planning, Health --- Public Law 93 641 --- Planning Techniques --- Woman's Rights --- Women's Status --- Women's Liberation --- Liberation, Women's --- Right, Woman's --- Right, Women's --- Rights, Woman's --- Rights, Women's --- Status, Women's --- Woman Rights --- Woman's Right --- Women Status --- Women's Right --- Religious aspects. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Environmental aspects. --- Effect of human beings on. --- Moral and religious aspects --- organization & administration --- Consumption (Economics). --- Religious aspects --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Environmental aspects --- Influence on nature --- Economic and Social Factors --- Social and Economic Factors --- Socioeconomic Characteristics --- Characteristic, Socioeconomic --- Socioeconomic Characteristic --- Psychiatry --- Economics. --- Environment. --- Health Resources. --- Women's Rights. --- Ethics. --- Socioeconomic Factors. --- Organization and Administration. --- Legislation as Topic. --- Health Care Economics and Organizations. --- Ecological and Environmental Phenomena. --- Health Planning. --- Humanities. --- Population Dynamics. --- Sociology. --- Morals. --- Delivery of Health Care. --- Social Control, Formal. --- Human Rights. --- Demography. --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture. --- Philosophy. --- Social Control Policies. --- Environment and Public Health. --- Social Sciences. --- Population Characteristics. --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation. --- Health Services Administration. --- Policy. --- Epidemiologic Measurements. --- Biological Phenomena. --- Psychology, Social. --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms. --- Public Health. --- Psychiatry.