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Lithium batteries are now present in our everyday life, powering portable electronics, power tools, sustainable vehicles such as hybrids and electric, as well as back-up devices and electrochemical storage systems in renewable energy plants. 
Lithium-metal is the best choice of anode material, since it provides the lowest reduction potential (∼ -3.0 V versus SHE) as well as the lowest density (0.534 g.cm-3), which is responsible for high specific capacity (3.86 Ah.g-1) and energy density (1470 WhK.g-1). 
Lithium-metal based batteries (LMBs) seem thus to be the most promising technology for the implementation of high energy density storage devices. However, before their practical application, LMBs must face the issue of lithium dendrites growth, which is the main cause of internal short circuits and thermal run-away reactions. 
Today, the most widespread solution to face this problem is based on the replacement of conventional liquid electrolytes with solid-state electrolytes (SSEs). This work is focused on solid polymer electrolytes (SPE), which are lightweight materials that provide flexibility, easy handling, long lifespan, wide electrochemical stability window as well as safety, by eliminating lithium dendrites growth. 
Hence, the first part of the thesis is dedicated to the synthesis of a triblock copolymer for solid-polymer electrolytes (SPEs) application in lithium-metal batteries. This triblock copolymer PPE-b-PEO-b-PPE covalently associates a poly(ethylene oxide) block that ensures ionic conduction with two poly(phosphate) side blocks. Since the poly(phosphate) blocks are characterised by a very low Tg (about -70°C), they will contribute to increase the mobility of PEO block and its amorphous phase, affording SPEs with enhanced ionic conductivity. 
The mechanical properties of the SPE synthesised were assessed by conducting tensile experiments, which showed a maximum Young modulus of 26 MPa. Cyclic voltammetry experiments displayed an electrochemical stability window ranging from 0 V to 5 V, which is in good agreement with general requirements. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis showed that triblock copolymer is stable until ~220°C; the solid polymer electrolyte proposed can thus be safely implemented in batteries, in a wide temperature range.

Solid-state electrolyte --- Lithium-metal battery --- Solid polymer electrolyte --- Triblock copolymer --- Poly(phosphate)-based copolymer --- Poly(phosphoester)-based copolymer --- Poly(phosphosphate) copolymer --- Poly(phosphoester) copolymer --- Poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer --- Poly(ethylene oxide)-based copolymer --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Chimie

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The interaction of metal with its environment that results in its chemical alteration is called metallic corrosion. According to the literature, corrosion is classified to two types: uniform and localized corrosion. Intervention in either in the alloy environment or in the alloy structure can provide the corrosion protection of metallic materials. Furthermore, the interference in the metal alloy environment can be conducted with the utilization of cathodic or anodic protection via the corresponding inhibitors. Therefore, the most common categorization is cathodic, anodic, and mixed-type inhibitors, taking into account which half-reaction they suppress during corrosion phenomena. The majority of the organic inhibitors are of mixed type and perform through chemisorption. In order to update the field of the corrosion protection of metal and metal alloys with the use of organic inhibitors, a Special Issue entitled "Advances in Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and Protective Coatings" is introduced. This book gathers and reviews a collection of ten contributions (nine articles and one review), from authors from Europe, Asia, and Africa, that were accepted for publication in this Special Issue of Applied Sciences.

Research & information: general --- corrosion --- reinforcements --- concrete --- slag --- LFS --- grounding grid --- metal corrosion --- topology detection --- corrosion detection --- nondestructive testing --- coating --- metallic bipolar plate --- PEMFC --- TiNb --- TiNbN --- brass --- chloride --- triazole derivatives --- poly(phenylene methylene) coatings --- PPM-related copolymer --- rheological additive-free polymer formulation --- AA2024 --- corrosion protection --- electrochemistry --- aluminum 7075 --- anodizing --- oil-impregnation --- corrosion resistance --- salt spray test --- Cerium oxide nanoparticles --- anti-reflection --- self-assembly --- microfluidics --- convective self-assembly --- corrosion inhibitor --- corrosion mechanism --- cysteine --- thin film --- C-Mnsteel --- corrosion inhibitors --- bio-copolymer --- starch --- glycerin --- mild steel --- EIS --- SEM --- Raman spectroscopy --- pitting corrosion --- synergistic effect --- corrosion --- reinforcements --- concrete --- slag --- LFS --- grounding grid --- metal corrosion --- topology detection --- corrosion detection --- nondestructive testing --- coating --- metallic bipolar plate --- PEMFC --- TiNb --- TiNbN --- brass --- chloride --- triazole derivatives --- poly(phenylene methylene) coatings --- PPM-related copolymer --- rheological additive-free polymer formulation --- AA2024 --- corrosion protection --- electrochemistry --- aluminum 7075 --- anodizing --- oil-impregnation --- corrosion resistance --- salt spray test --- Cerium oxide nanoparticles --- anti-reflection --- self-assembly --- microfluidics --- convective self-assembly --- corrosion inhibitor --- corrosion mechanism --- cysteine --- thin film --- C-Mnsteel --- corrosion inhibitors --- bio-copolymer --- starch --- glycerin --- mild steel --- EIS --- SEM --- Raman spectroscopy --- pitting corrosion --- synergistic effect

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This reprint highlights high-quality original research and review papers that include innovative colloidal drug delivery systems and cutting-edge characterization techniques that significantly contribute to the area of nanomedicine. The results presented are of high interest for specialists from a broad spectrum of fields, including biomedical, pharmaceutical, industrial, and biotechnological spheres.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- synthetic antimicrobial polymers --- assembled nanostructures --- surfaces and coatings --- antimicrobial properties --- folate-targeted nanoparticles --- BSA/alginate nanocarriers --- paclitaxel --- cellular uptake --- cell viability --- ciprofibrate --- drug delivery --- Rietveld method --- crystallography --- nanotechnology --- neuropathy --- polymeric nanoparticles --- preclinical investigation --- pharmacokinetics of pregabalin --- antinociceptive effect --- induced sleep --- polymer nanoparticles --- glioma/glioblastoma --- blood–brain barrier (BBB)/blood brain tumour barrier (BBTB) --- nanodiagnostics --- drug delivery and imaging --- nanocrystals --- surface modification --- chemotherapy --- cancer --- cyclosporine A --- ethoxylated fatty acid --- block copolymer --- polymeric micelles --- ocular --- nanoparticles --- natural and synthetic polymers --- drug delivery systems --- biocompatibility --- in vivo tests --- nicarbazin --- DNC --- glycyrrhizic acid --- PVP --- micelles --- coccidiosis --- Pluronic --- F127 --- drug delivery system --- active pharmaceutical ingredient --- antimicrobial activity

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Nanomedicine is among the most promising emerging fields that can provide innovative and radical solutions to unmet needs in pharmaceutical formulation development. Encapsulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients within nano-size carriers offers several benefits, namely, protection of the therapeutic agents from degradation, their increased solubility and bioavailability, improved pharmacokinetics, reduced toxicity, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, decreased drug immunogenicity, targeted delivery, and simultaneous imaging and treatment options with a single system.Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is one of the most commonly used polymers in nanomedicine formulations due to its excellent biocompatibility, tunable degradation characteristics, and high versatility. Furthermore, PLGA is approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in pharmaceutical products. Nanomedicines based on PLGA nanoparticles can offer tremendous opportunities in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of various diseases.This Special Issue aims to focus on the bench-to-bedside development of PLGA nanoparticles including (but not limited to) design, development, physicochemical characterization, scale-up production, efficacy and safety assessment, and biodistribution studies of these nanomedicine formulations.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Materials science --- poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) --- blood–brain barrier (BBB) --- current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) --- Food and Drug Administration (FDA) --- nanotechnology --- PLGA nanoparticles --- neurodegenerative diseases --- drug delivery --- central nervous system --- neuroprotective drugs --- fluorescent labeling --- DiI --- coumarin 6 --- rhodamine 123 --- Cy5.5 --- quantum yield --- brightness --- stability of fluorescent label --- confocal microscopy --- intracellular internalization --- in vivo neuroimaging --- double-emulsion method --- dry powder inhalation --- antigen release --- porous PLGA particles --- microfluidics --- methotrexate --- chitosan --- PLA/PLGA --- sustained release --- micro-implant --- animal model --- minimally invasive --- drug delivery system --- nanoparticles --- poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) --- microfluidic --- pharmacokinetics (PK) and biodistribution --- atorvastatin calcium --- poly(lactide-co-glycolide) --- polymeric nanoparticles --- carrageenan induced inflammation --- anti-inflammatory --- radiolabeled nanoparticles --- nuclear medicine --- photothermal therapy --- phthalocyanine --- SKOVip-kat --- Katushka --- TurboFP635 --- JO-4 --- PLGA --- orthotopic tumors --- 3D culture --- spheroids --- poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) --- nanomedicine --- scale-up manufacturing --- clinical translation --- inline sonication --- tangential flow filtration --- lyophilization --- downstream processing --- H. pylori --- design of experiments --- poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid --- size --- cancer --- chemoimmunotherapy --- immunogenic cell death --- immune checkpoint blockade --- PNA5 glycopeptide --- mas receptor --- angiotensin --- PLGA diblock copolymer --- ester and acid-end capped --- double emulsion solvent evaporation --- biocompatible --- biodegradable --- cardiovascular --- nanoparticle --- solid-state characterization --- in vitro --- drug release kinetics modeling --- PEGylation --- amine --- emulsion --- polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) --- Pluronic triblock copolymer --- trehalose --- sucrose --- Indomethacin --- solvents --- stabilizers --- morphology --- particle-size --- encapsulation --- drug release --- cytotoxicity --- poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) --- blood–brain barrier (BBB) --- current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) --- Food and Drug Administration (FDA) --- nanotechnology --- PLGA nanoparticles --- neurodegenerative diseases --- drug delivery --- central nervous system --- neuroprotective drugs --- fluorescent labeling --- DiI --- coumarin 6 --- rhodamine 123 --- Cy5.5 --- quantum yield --- brightness --- stability of fluorescent label --- confocal microscopy --- intracellular internalization --- in vivo neuroimaging --- double-emulsion method --- dry powder inhalation --- antigen release --- porous PLGA particles --- microfluidics --- methotrexate --- chitosan --- PLA/PLGA --- sustained release --- micro-implant --- animal model --- minimally invasive --- drug delivery system --- nanoparticles --- poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) --- microfluidic --- pharmacokinetics (PK) and biodistribution --- atorvastatin calcium --- poly(lactide-co-glycolide) --- polymeric nanoparticles --- carrageenan induced inflammation --- anti-inflammatory --- radiolabeled nanoparticles --- nuclear medicine --- photothermal therapy --- phthalocyanine --- SKOVip-kat --- Katushka --- TurboFP635 --- JO-4 --- PLGA --- orthotopic tumors --- 3D culture --- spheroids --- poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) --- nanomedicine --- scale-up manufacturing --- clinical translation --- inline sonication --- tangential flow filtration --- lyophilization --- downstream processing --- H. pylori --- design of experiments --- poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid --- size --- cancer --- chemoimmunotherapy --- immunogenic cell death --- immune checkpoint blockade --- PNA5 glycopeptide --- mas receptor --- angiotensin --- PLGA diblock copolymer --- ester and acid-end capped --- double emulsion solvent evaporation --- biocompatible --- biodegradable --- cardiovascular --- nanoparticle --- solid-state characterization --- in vitro --- drug release kinetics modeling --- PEGylation --- amine --- emulsion --- polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) --- Pluronic triblock copolymer --- trehalose --- sucrose --- Indomethacin --- solvents --- stabilizers --- morphology --- particle-size --- encapsulation --- drug release --- cytotoxicity

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We live in a constantly changing society, in which life expectancy has continuously increased, and, therefore, important health issues need to be solved. The development of nanotechnology with applications in the medical field—nanomedicine—has been proven to have strong therapeutic potential, especially by combining drugs with natural polymers, polysaccharides being most commonly used in the development of sustained and controlled release systems of biologically active principles. Polymeric nanoparticles loaded with drugs can actively target various diseases, being able to penetrate cells more effectively or succeed in overcoming some physiological barriers such as the blood–brain barrier. Drug-loaded hydrogels are used to treat dermal and dental conditions, and can act as scaffolds for the development of cell cultures with applications in tissue engineering. The recent literature abounds with articles discussing aspects of obtaining new polymer drug systems and their use in various biomedical applications. The editors of this Special Issue of the journal Molecules, entitled Drug Delivery Systems Based on Polysaccharides, are researchers with decades of experience in this field, and they consider justified and useful these several articles which report recent results of drug delivery systems based on polysaccharides and derivatives, respectively, and their biomedical applications. The authors of the articles are experts in the field, and the editors express their gratitude for the kindness and promptness with which they responded to the call to contribute the recently obtained results of their research to this specific edition of the journal Molecules.

Research & information: general --- chitin --- polymorphs --- chitin sources --- chitin characterization --- disintegration --- dissolution --- crushing strength --- compression analysis --- graft polymerization --- N-vinylimidazole --- gellan gum --- betaine structure --- mathematical model --- chitosan --- bioactive aldehyde release --- Scale Relativity Theory --- multifractal --- Riccati gauge --- joint invariant function --- SL(2R)-type group --- oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose --- hydrogel film --- curcumin immobilization --- delivery system --- periodontitis --- antibacterial properties --- polysaccharides --- drug delivery systems --- hydrogels --- microparticles --- nanoparticles --- films --- electrospun fibers --- gels --- transdermal drug delivery --- transdermal nanocarrier --- surface modification --- enhanced penetration efficiency --- controlled release --- targeting delivery --- brushite --- calcium phosphate cements --- physical-chemical properties --- mechanical properties --- microbiological properties --- cell viability --- grafted copolymer --- triazole derivative --- adsorption studies --- chitin --- polymorphs --- chitin sources --- chitin characterization --- disintegration --- dissolution --- crushing strength --- compression analysis --- graft polymerization --- N-vinylimidazole --- gellan gum --- betaine structure --- mathematical model --- chitosan --- bioactive aldehyde release --- Scale Relativity Theory --- multifractal --- Riccati gauge --- joint invariant function --- SL(2R)-type group --- oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose --- hydrogel film --- curcumin immobilization --- delivery system --- periodontitis --- antibacterial properties --- polysaccharides --- drug delivery systems --- hydrogels --- microparticles --- nanoparticles --- films --- electrospun fibers --- gels --- transdermal drug delivery --- transdermal nanocarrier --- surface modification --- enhanced penetration efficiency --- controlled release --- targeting delivery --- brushite --- calcium phosphate cements --- physical-chemical properties --- mechanical properties --- microbiological properties --- cell viability --- grafted copolymer --- triazole derivative --- adsorption studies