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"Endangered Languages in the 21st Century provides research on endangered languages in the contemporary world, the challenges still to be faced, the work still to be done, and the methods and practices that have come to characterize efforts to revive and maintain disadvantaged indigenous languages around the world. With contributions from scholars across the field, the book brings fresh data and insights to this imperative, but still relatively young, field of linguistics. While the studies acknowledge the threat of losing languages in an unprecedented way, they focus on cases that show resilience and explore paths to sustainable progress. The articles are also intended as a celebration of the twenty-five years' work of the Foundation for Endangered Languages, and as a parting gift to FEL's founder and quarter-century chair, Nick Ostler. This book will be informative for researchers, instructors, and specialists in the field of endangered languages. The book can also be useful for university graduate or undergraduate students, and language activists"-- |c Provided by publisher.

Endangered languages. --- At-risk languages --- Disappearing languages --- Dying languages --- Fading languages --- Nearly extinct languages --- Threatened languages --- Vanishing languages --- Language and languages --- Language obsolescence

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Creating an orthography is often seen as a key component of language revitalisation. Encoding an endangered variety can enhance its status and prestige. In speech communities that are fragmented dialectally or geographically, a common writing system may help create a sense of unified identity, or help keep a language alive by facilitating teaching and learning. Despite clear advantages, creating an orthography for an endangered language can also bring challenges, and this volume debates the following critical questions: whose task should this be - that of the linguist or the speech community? Should an orthography be maximally distanciated from that of the language of wider communication for ideological reasons, or should its main principles coincide for reasons of learnability? Which local variety should be selected as the basis of a common script? Is a multilectal script preferable to a standardised orthography? And can creating an orthography create problems for existing native speakers?

Endangered languages --- LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES --- Language and languages --- Language revival --- Orthography and spelling. --- Linguistics --- Historical & Comparative. --- Social aspects. --- Orthography --- Spelling --- Writing --- Language renewal --- Language revitalization --- Renewal, Language --- Restoration of languages --- Revitalization, Language --- Revival of languages --- Sociolinguistics --- At-risk languages --- Disappearing languages --- Dying languages --- Fading languages --- Nearly extinct languages --- Threatened languages --- Vanishing languages --- Language obsolescence --- Spelling reform --- Restoration --- Revival

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Up to ninety percent of humanity's traditional languages and cultures are at risk and may disappear this century. While language endangerment has not achieved the publicity surrounding environmental change and biodiversity loss, it is just as serious, disastrously reducing the variety of human knowledge and thought. This book shows why it matters, why and how it happens, and what communities and scholars can do about it. David and Maya Bradley provide a new framework for investigating and documenting linguistic, social and other factors which contribute to languages shifting away from their cultural heritage. Illustrated with practical in-depth case studies and examples from the authors' own work in Asia and elsewhere, the book encourages communities to maintain or reclaim their traditional languages and cultures.

Endangered languages --- Endangered languages. --- Language obsolescence --- Language obsolescence. --- Linguistic change --- Linguistic change. --- Historical linguistics --- Language and languages --- Language death --- Obsolescence of languages --- Sociolinguistics --- Extinct languages --- At-risk languages --- Disappearing languages --- Dying languages --- Fading languages --- Nearly extinct languages --- Threatened languages --- Vanishing languages --- Obsolescence

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Language policy issues are imbued with a powerful symbolism that is often linked to questions of identity, with the suppression or failure to recognise and support a given endangered variety representing a refusal to grant a 'voice' to the corresponding ethno-cultural community. This wide-ranging volume, which explores linguistic scenarios from across five continents, seeks to ignite the debate as to how and whether the interface between people, politics and language can affect the fortunes of endangered varieties. With chapters written by academics working in the field of language endangerment and members of indigenous communities on the frontline of language support and maintenance, Policy and Planning for Endangered Languages is essential reading for researchers and students of language death, sociolinguistics and applied linguistics, as well as community members involved in native language maintenance.

Endangered languages. --- Language obsolescence. --- Language planning. --- Language policy. --- Language maintenance. --- Language and culture. --- Culture and language --- Culture --- Language and languages --- Language loyalty --- Maintenance of language --- Sociolinguistics --- Glottopolitics --- Institutional linguistics --- Language and state --- Languages, National --- Languages, Official --- National languages --- Official languages --- State and language --- Communication policy --- Language planning --- Planned language change --- Language death --- Obsolescence of languages --- Historical linguistics --- Endangered languages --- Extinct languages --- At-risk languages --- Disappearing languages --- Dying languages --- Fading languages --- Nearly extinct languages --- Threatened languages --- Vanishing languages --- Language obsolescence --- Maintenance --- Government policy --- Planning --- Obsolescence --- Sociolinguistics.

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Whose voices are taken into account in language policy and planning and whose have been ignored or more actively silenced? This is the central question addressed in this book. What are the political and social factors that have helped to create these historical exclusions, in terms of endangerment and loss of traditional languages? What are the global influences on the local landscape of languages and linguistic rights? What are the implications for cultural heritage and identity? In analyzing these questions and reporting on research in an array of countries, the chapter authors also suggest ways forward toward designing more inclusive policies and practices in educational contexts, whether in the context of obligatory schooling or in less formal educational contexts. UNESCO estimates that at least 43% of the estimated 6000 languages spoken in the world are endangered. Such statistics remind us that the linguistic diversity that characterizes the human condition is a fragile thing, and that certain languages need to be cultivated if they are to survive into the 21st century and beyond. The chapters in this volume originated as presentations at the XV World Congress of Comparative Education Societies (Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2013). They represe nt several global regions, namely Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. They provide analyses of language policy and politics at the local, regional, national and transnational levels, grass-roots linguistic revitalization initiatives, and the attitudes of minority and majority speakers toward minoritized languages and cultures and towards intercultural and multilingual education programs.

Education - General --- Education --- Social Sciences --- Linguistic minorities --- Language policy. --- Language and languages --- Endangered languages. --- Language revival. --- Multilingualism. --- Language and education. --- Language and culture. --- Education. --- Study and teaching. --- Culture and language --- Educational linguistics --- Plurilingualism --- Polyglottism --- Language renewal --- Language revitalization --- Renewal, Language --- Restoration of languages --- Revitalization, Language --- Revival of languages --- At-risk languages --- Disappearing languages --- Dying languages --- Fading languages --- Nearly extinct languages --- Threatened languages --- Vanishing languages --- Foreign language study --- Glottopolitics --- Institutional linguistics --- Language and state --- Languages, National --- Languages, Official --- National languages --- Official languages --- State and language --- Minority languages --- Restoration --- Revival --- Government policy --- Education, general. --- Minorities --- Sociolinguistics --- Language obsolescence --- Language and education --- Language schools --- Communication policy --- Language planning --- Culture --- Political aspects --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training