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The purpose of this report was to map and describe research in the field of health effects of the physical environment. The mapping was commissioned by Norsk Form in the autumn of 2006. We systematically searched for controlled effect studies and systematic reviews in international scientific databases, selected studies and systematic reviews according to preset criteria, categorized the included studies into sub-themes and summarised the reported results narratively in tables. We did not assess the quality of the studies. We categorised the included studies (n=65) and systematic reviews (n=10) into the following sub-themes: interior decoration/furnishing (n=12), room design (n=4), nature; plants, animals, sunlight (n), preventing falls and wandering (n=5), lighting (n=6), noise reduction (n=7), multisensory stimulation (n=5), distraction (n=21), miscellaneous (n=5). We found most studies in the distraction category, but there are also studies that measure the effects of sunlight in patient rooms, the effects of refurbishing departments in both somatic and psychiatric hospitals, and the effects of noise reduction strategies by adapting the physical environment. The intervensions that are described in the interior decoration/furnishing category are complex, and often include several different measures at the same time. The literature search did not retrieve evaluations of the effect of artificial lighting for adults, or of the effect of wayfinding interventions. In conclusion, there are controlled evaluations of the health effects of the physical environment. Such effects may be measured through controlled trials, and may contribute to a more relevant and reliable image of how architecture and design may be used as a curative means. Experimental research designs should to a greater extent be applied in this field of research.
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Participation in quality collaboratives is one of the tools that are used to improve quality in the health care services. The purpose of such collaboratives is to increase competence in different areas, and to improve the quality of the services. The core is joint education and training across professions, departments and organizations. This is in line with the goals of the National Health and Care Services Plan (2011 - 2015). Main findings1. The evidence underlying quality collaboratives is positive but limited. Weaknesses in study design means that one can not determine if the reported improvements are a result of participation in collaboratives, or due to other factors.2. Experience from quality collaboratives in Norway and other countries indicates that participation has increased the quality of the services. In some collaboratives before and after measurements indicate major improvements. However, it is difficult to document that the improvements are mainly due to participation in collaboratives, or because of other factors.3. Experience from collaboratives show that many participants experience professional and organizational development, and that participation provides a breeding ground for increased collaboration with other organizations.4. Research points to some success criteria necessary to achieve the goals of collaboratives. These include: Engagement by management and staff, an organizational culture who promotes quality improvement, and access to accurate and complete data about the quality of the services. Experiences from collaboratives supports the conclusion that these factors are of great importance.
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Taekwondo, according to World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) has two official competitive disciplines, poomsae and kyorugi (technique and sport combat). Still, there is an insufficient number of studies which considered differences, or similarities between poomsae and kyorugi athletes. Aim of this investigation is to determine the possible difference between samples of taekwondo competitors in terms of somatotype and anthropometric measures. Sample of this research is composed of n=39 taekwondo competitors of cadet, junior and senior age, divided into two subsamples, kyorugi (n=27) and poomsae (n=12). Ten competitors are the current national champions, while one participant is the European champion. After statistical analysis was conducted between subsamples, somatotype values were turned out to be significantly different. Somatotype of observed kyorugi competitors is composed of endo- 2.55 ± 1.17, meso- 3.66 ± 0.81 and ecto-4.09 ± 1.22, while mean values of poomsae sample are endo- 4.21 ± 0.70, meso- 4.25 ± 0.61 and ecto- 2.69 ± 0.74. According to success at national championship, female kyorugi national champions tend to be balanced ectomorfs, males to be ectomesomorphs, while poomsae champions tend to be endomesomorphs with tendency toward centre. Authors suggest that such results were expected due to their different training programs and competition requirements. Future research should include especially male competitors, greater samples and should be conducted on the international level competitors.
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Musculoskeletal disorders are common in the Norwegian population. These disorders are reported as the main contributor to sick leave and work absence. The Norwegian Rheumatism Association commissioned the Norwegian Knowledge Centre (1) to summarise the effects of hydrotherapy (training in warm water) on sick absence and return-to-work among persons with musculoskeletal disorders, and (2) to provide a list of systematic reviews that summarised the effects of hydrotherapy on pain, function and quality of life. A systematic review was conducted that included two studies. Both studies investigated the effects of hydrotherapy in combination with another type of training and cognitive behavior therapy or an education program that promoted coping strategies on self-reported sick absence during the last week among women with fibromyalgia. The two studies showed that:1. It is unclear if hydrotherapy in combination with an educational programme for women with fibromyalgia or chronic widespread pain, give less self-reported days off work due to fibromyalgia symptoms compared to education programme only. The documentation was of very low quality.2. It is unclear if hydrotherapy in combination with land-based training, cognitive therapy and a patient information leaflet to women with fibromyalgia, give less self-reported days off work due to fibromyalgia symptoms, compared to patient information leaflet only. The documentation was of very low quality. None of the included studies evaluated the effects of hydrotherapy among other groups of musculoskeletal disorders than fibromyalgia and chronic widespread pain. We identified 62 systematic reviews that summarised the effects of hydrotherapy on pain, function and quality of life. These systematic reviews are categorised and attached in a list.
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"For approximately six years, conversations about social science research and social science topics have aired weekly on public radio station WNCU on a show called The Measure of Everyday Life. That endeavor has generated roughly 250 episodes, each a rich conversation with interviewees on a wide range of topics. This volume builds on that experience to offer an exploration of the process of social science research: from idea conceptualization and question generation to the personal and ethical challenges that researchers often encounter. The book presents a selection of those conversations as well as reflection on insights from both the experiences of interviewing people regarding social science work for six years and from the process of implementing interdisciplinary discussions of research, as is often done in university student honors programs. The book captures compelling conversations about the practice of research and offers introductory university and college seminars an overview of how social science projects come to be, what they sometimes accomplish, and what future questions remain for inquiry regarding a variety of topics relevant to everyday life"--
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