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Non-tariff trade barriers --- -Non-tariff distortions of trade --- Nontariff trade barriers --- Protectionism --- Tariff --- Law and legislation --- -Non-tariff trade barriers --- -Law and legislation --- Non-tariff distortions of trade --- Europe --- Politique commerciale
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International economic relations --- European Union --- Nontariff trade barriers --- Barrières commerciales non tarifaires --- European Economic Community countries --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Economic integration. --- Intégration économique --- 339.543 <4-15> --- 351.821 <4-15> --- 006 <4> --- 006.44:62 <4-15> --- Non-tariff trade barriers --- Barrières commerciales non tarifaires --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Intégration économique --- European Economic Community.
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Les échanges internationaux se sont considérablement développés ces dernières années, grâce en partie à la réduction progressive des droits de douane et des contingents tarifaires dans le cadre des cycles successifs de libéralisation multilatérale des échanges. Toutefois, ce développement met en avant une des faiblesses persistantes du commerce international: les obstacles à la frontière que produisent les procédures et formalités commerciales inefficaces, obsolètes et compliquées empêchent les pays de profiter pleinement des avantages de marchés mondiaux ouverts. Les six études rassemblées dans cette publication examinent dans quel mesure des procédures inefficaces à la frontière ont un impact sur les flux des échanges et des investissements, comment les facteurs institutionnels et politiques affectent la conception et la mise en œuvre de mesures visant à améliorer l’efficacité accompagnés de bénéfices escomptés de ces mesures pour justifier les dépenses nécessaires pour les mettre en place et si ces dépenses sont à la portée des pays en voie de développement et des pays les moins avancés, étant donné leurs autres priorités de développement.
Commercial policy --- International trade --- Politique commerciale --- Commerce international --- Finance --- Finances --- Finance. --- Foreign trade regulation. --- Non-tariff trade barriers. --- Non-tariff distortions of trade --- Nontariff trade barriers --- Protectionism --- Tariff --- Export and import controls --- Foreign trade control --- Foreign trade regulation --- Import and export controls --- International trade control --- International trade regulation --- Prohibited exports and imports --- Trade regulation --- Law and legislation
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Social integration --- European federation --- Intégration sociale --- Construction européenne --- European Union countries --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Commercial policy --- Economic integration --- Social policy --- Politique commerciale --- Intégration économique --- Politique sociale --- Intégration sociale --- Construction européenne --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Intégration économique --- EPUB-ALPHA-E EPUB-LIV-FT LIVDROIT STRADA-B --- Nontariff trade barriers --- Congresses --- Foreign trade regulation --- Antitrust law --- Europe --- E-books --- Barrières non tarifaires --- Commerce extérieur --- Europe de l'Ouest --- Droit --- Commerce extérieur
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Although SMEs are a major source of growth and job creation, SMEs appear to be under-represented in the international economy relative to their contribution in national and local economies. Two original OECD-APEC surveys investigated how SME policy makers and SMEs perceive the barriers to SME access to international markets. This proceedings presents a report on the results of the surveys, a synthesis of the conference discussions, and the main outcome of the conference: the Athens Action Plan for Removing Barriers to SME Access to International Markets.
Small business. --- Small business --- Foreign trade promotion --- International trade --- Non-tariff trade barriers --- Management --- Business & Economics --- Industrial Management --- Government policy --- Non-tariff distortions of trade --- Nontariff trade barriers --- Export promotion --- Export trade promotion --- Promotion, Foreign trade --- Trade promotion, Foreign --- Businesses, Small --- Medium-sized business --- Micro-businesses --- Microbusinesses --- Microenterprises --- Small and medium-sized business --- Small and medium-sized enterprises --- Small businesses --- SMEs (Small business) --- Protectionism --- Tariff --- Commercial policy --- Export credit --- Subsidies --- Business --- Business enterprises --- Industries --- Size
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Foreign trade policy --- European Union --- Barriers to entry (Industrial organization)zEuropean Union countries --- Competition --- Law --- Barrières à l'entrée d'un marché --- Concurrence --- Droit --- Barriers to entry (Industrial organization) --- Econometric models. --- -Competition --- -Competition (Economics) --- Competitiveness (Economics) --- Economic competition --- Commerce --- Conglomerate corporations --- Covenants not to compete --- Industrial concentration --- Monopolies --- Open price system --- Supply and demand --- Trusts, Industrial --- Entry, Barriers to (Industrial organization) --- Industrial organization (Economic theory) --- Restraint of trade --- Trade regulation --- Diversification in industry --- Econometric models --- -Econometric models --- Competition (Economics) --- Economic aspects --- Nontariff trade barriers --- European communities --- Barriers to entry (Industrial organization) - European Economic Community countries - Econometric models. --- Competition - European Economic Community countries - Econometric models. --- CONCURRENCE INTERNATIONALE --- COMMUNAUTES EUROPEENNES
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Foreign trade regulation --- Nontariff trade barriers --- International trade --- Competition, Unfair --- Commerce extérieur --- Barrières commerciales non tarifaires --- Commerce international --- Concurrence déloyale --- Réglementation --- World Trade Organization --- European Union countries --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Commercial policy --- Politique commerciale --- Restraint of trade --- Non-tariff trade barriers --- Law and legislation --- Commerce extérieur --- Barrières commerciales non tarifaires --- Concurrence déloyale --- Réglementation --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Non-tariff distortions of trade --- Protectionism --- Tariff --- World Trade Organization. --- Competition, Unfair - European Union countries. --- Restraint of trade - European Union countries. --- Non-tariff trade barriers - Law and legislation - European Union countries.
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Agricultural trade disputes over issues such as beef hormones and genetically modified organisms have received wide public attention and illustrated the trade-off between domestic and international policy objectives. This report examines pertinent issues at the interface between domestic policy objectives, technical regulations and agricultural trade. It also discusses approaches to measuring the trade impacts of food safety and other technical measures, and presents empirical evidence concerning the trade effects of resolving controversial food safety issues.
Food adulteration and inspection -- Standards. --- Foreign trade regulation. --- Non-tariff trade barriers. --- Produce trade. --- Produce trade --- Food --- Food adulteration and inspection --- Foreign trade regulation --- Non-tariff trade barriers --- Business & Economics --- Agricultural Economics --- Government policy --- Law and legislation --- Safety measures --- Standards --- Non-tariff distortions of trade --- Nontariff trade barriers --- Export and import controls --- Foreign trade control --- Import and export controls --- International trade --- International trade control --- International trade regulation --- Prohibited exports and imports --- Analysis of food --- Food, Pure --- Food inspection --- Inspection of food --- Pure food --- Adulteration --- Inspection --- Protectionism --- Tariff --- Trade regulation --- Adulterations --- Consumer protection --- Public health --- Sanitary chemistry --- Food law and legislation --- Agricultural laws and legislation --- Government policy. --- Law and legislation. --- Safety measures. --- Standards.
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The studies in this volume review concerns that exporters and governments have raised about market access. This publication analyses where and why certain non-tariff measures are being applied to traded goods that are covered by multilateral rules and disciplines, and how they continue to represent challenges for exporters and policy makers. The specific measures examined are prohibitions and quotas, non-automatic import licensing schemes, customs fees and charges and export restrictions. By drawing together available recent data and other information, this volume expands the knowledge base of policy makers, negotiators and anyone interested in learning about the use of these measures across countries, applicable international trade rules and remaining market access issues.
Non-tariff trade barriers -- OECD countries. --- Non-tariff trade barriers. --- Tariff -- OECD countries. --- Tariff. --- Foreign trade regulation. --- International trade. --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Export and import controls --- Foreign trade control --- Foreign trade regulation --- Import and export controls --- International trade --- International trade control --- International trade regulation --- Prohibited exports and imports --- Non-tariff distortions of trade --- Nontariff trade barriers --- Law and legislation --- Commerce --- International economic relations --- Non-traded goods --- Trade regulation --- Protectionism --- Tariff --- Social Sciences and Humanities. Development Studies -- Rural Development --- ALLW.
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Economic law --- European Union --- Foreign trade regulation --- Subsidies --- Antidumping duties --- Non-tariff trade barriers --- Commerce extérieur --- Subventions --- Droits antidumping --- Barrières non tarifaires --- Law and legislation --- Réglementation --- Droit --- Dumping --- Concurrence --- Droit commercial (droit européen) --- Droit commercial (droit international) --- Droit européen --- 351.82*6 EU --- Business law --- -Business --- Commerce --- Law, Commercial --- Mercantile law --- Law --- Law merchant --- Maritime law --- Mededingingsrecht. Kartelrecht--EU --- -Mededingingsrecht. Kartelrecht--EU --- 351.82*6 EU Mededingingsrecht. Kartelrecht--EU --- Commerce extérieur --- Barrières non tarifaires --- Réglementation --- Non-tariff distortions of trade --- Nontariff trade barriers --- Protectionism --- Tariff --- Anti-dumping duties --- Antidumping tariffs --- Contingent duties --- Countervailing duties --- Droit européen. --- Foreign trade regulation - European Economic Community countries. --- Antidumping duties - Law and legislation - European Economic Community countries. --- Foreign trade regulation - European Union countries --- Subsidies - Law and legislation - European Union countries --- Antidumping duties - Law and legislation - European Union countries --- Non-tariff trade barriers - Law and legislation - European Union countries
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