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This book provides critical insight into the politics and economics of relations between the EU and Latin America, particularly Mercosul, and on the significance of such relations for multilateralism and the international order.

Globalization --- International economic integration --- European Union --- MERCOSUR (Organization) --- Mercado Común del Sur --- Mercosul (Organization) --- Southern Cone Common Market --- Common Market of the South --- Mercado Común del Cono Sur --- Unión de Naciones Suramericanas --- E.U. --- Mondialisation --- Intégration économique internationale --- Congresses --- Congrès

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In January 1995, four Latin American countries, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay joined their destinies within a common and ambitious enterprise called MERCOSUR. MERCOSUR, the Common Market of the South, represents an important economic integration area that generates a GDP of $US 600 billion, providing a market of 200 million people spread over an area of 12 million square km. Initially, MERCOSUR performance has been more than successful, as intra-MERCOSUR trade has increased significantly. However, the elimination of intra-MERCOSUR tariffs will not be efficient if at the same time the sharp variability of nominal exchange rates artificially affects the relative prices of different products. The question as to the choice of the optimal exchange rate system to be adopted among MERCOSUR countries becomes critical if MERCOSUR states attempt to go further along the path of increasing their trade flows of goods and services. The study contributes to filling this gap by providing some alternative answers to this issue. The analysis has been based on three pillars: a theoretical review of exchange rate systems; a review of the European experience; and an analysis of the Latin American experience.

EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- LAM / Latin America - Latijns Amerika - Amérique Latine --- 333.825 --- 334.151.27 --- Deviezenpolitiek. Interventies. --- Europees monetair stelsel. --- Foreign exchange rates --- Exchange rates --- Fixed exchange rates --- Flexible exchange rates --- Floating exchange rates --- Fluctuating exchange rates --- Foreign exchange --- Rates of exchange --- Deviezenpolitiek. Interventies --- Europees monetair stelsel --- Rates --- MERCOSUR (Organization) --- Mercado Común del Sur --- Mercosul (Organization) --- Southern Cone Common Market --- Common Market of the South --- Mercado Común del Cono Sur --- Unión de Naciones Suramericanas --- South America --- Economic integration. --- Political science & theory --- Monetary economics --- International economics --- European --- Exchange --- from --- Lessons --- Marengo --- MERCOSUR --- Policy --- Rate --- Union

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This book focuses on EU-MERCOSUR relations from a diplomatic and trade perspective against the background of the political agreement between the two in 2019. The authors take into consideration that EU-MERCOSUR cooperation developed during recent decades has tried, on the one hand, to build a strategic partnership to respond to the main challenges of international agendas and, on the other, to incorporate in Latin American countries the European new vision of transatlantic regionalism. Starting from a historical perspective of the development of interregionalism between the EU and MERCOSUR, the book goes on to study the geopolitical impacts of Brexit, stagnation of the EU-USA relationship, the COVID-19 pandemic, and of new geopolitical players in EU-LAC interregionalism. It discusses the legal institutional framework of the EU-MERCOSUR relations and provides a comparative view of features of MERCOSUR countries vis-à-vis the European Union. The book also analyses and provides a comprehensive overview of various aspects of interregional trade in the context of the 2019 agreement. Highly topical and authored by experts in this field, this book is of interest to a wide readership in the social sciences and economics: from political sociology to international relations, diplomacy studies and international trade.

Political sociology. --- International relations. --- International trade. --- Regionalism. --- Diplomacy. --- Political Sociology. --- International Relations. --- International Trade. --- History --- International relations --- Human geography --- Nationalism --- Interregionalism --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Commerce --- International economic relations --- Non-traded goods --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Mass political behavior --- Political behavior --- Political science --- Sociology --- Sociological aspects --- International economic relations. --- European Union. --- MERCOSUR (Organization) --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- Economic sanctions --- E.U. --- Mercado Común del Sur --- Mercosul (Organization) --- Southern Cone Common Market --- Common Market of the South --- Mercado Común del Cono Sur --- Unión de Naciones Suramericanas

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À l'heure où les projets d'intégration régionale se multiplient en Amérique, afin d'adapter les systèmes économiques locaux aux nécessités de la mondialisation, Alena et Mercosur apparaissent comme de véritables laboratoires pour le grand projet de Zone de libre échange des Amériques soutenu par Washington et dont la mise en œuvre est prévue à l'horizon 2005. Pourtant, les limites internationales héritées de l'époque coloniale et des guerres d'indépendance continuent à jouer un rôle majeur dans l'organisation des territoires. En outre, de nombreux litiges frontaliers empoisonnent toujours les relations entre pays membres d'une même communauté. L'établissement de blocs économiques d'importance variable (en superficie, poids démographique, puissance industrielle et financière...) n'est donc qu'une réponse parmi d'autres au problème latent du mal-développement latino-américain. Or, malgré toutes les déclarations d'intention des gouvernements et des experts de la Banque interaméricaine de développement (BID), qui jonglent avec une série de mots-clefs dont le sens varie d'un pays à l'autre (développement durable, démocratie, progrès social), la fracture Nord-Sud semble loin de s'effacer, bien au contraire, et les tensions restent vives sur les marchés comme dans la rue. C'est pourquoi il apparaît nécessaire de s'interroger sur les enjeux et les limites d'un processus d'intégration présenté comme inéluctable mais dont on ignore encore la forme qu'il pourra prendre, depuis la simple zone de libre échange (type Alena), jusqu'à l'union monétaire (type Union européenne) - à moins que la dollarisation de fait des économies latino -américaines ne mette un terme (provisoire) à toutes les spéculations.

MERCOSUR (Organization) --- Canada. --- Latin America --- Amérique latine --- Foreign economic relations --- Economic integration --- Relations économiques extérieures --- Intégration économique --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- America --- Economic integration. --- Foreign economic relations. --- Boundaries. --- 341.17 <8> --- 339.92 MERCOSUR --- Regionale associaties of unies van staten--Zuid-Amerika --- Mercado Común del Sur --- Mercosul (Organization) --- Southern Cone Common Market --- Common Market of the South --- Mercado Común del Cono Sur --- Unión de Naciones Suramericanas --- Americas --- Asociación Latinoamericana de Libre Comercio countries --- Neotropical region --- Neotropics --- New World tropics --- Spanish America --- New World --- Western Hemisphere --- 341.17 <8> Internationale organisaties. Regionale internationale organisaties--Zuid-Amerika --- 341.17 <8> Regionale associaties of unies van staten--Zuid-Amerika --- Internationale organisaties. Regionale internationale organisaties--Zuid-Amerika --- Amérique latine --- Relations économiques extérieures --- Intégration économique --- Mexico. --- United States. --- North American Free Trade Agreement --- NAFTA --- Tratado Trilateral de Libre Comercio --- TTLC --- Tratado de Libre Comercio en América del Norte --- TLCAN --- Tratado de Libre Comercio de Norteamérica --- Hokubei Jiyū Bōeki Kyōtei --- Acordo Norte-Americano de Livre Comércio --- T.L.C. --- TLC --- Accord de libre-échange nord-américain --- ALENA --- Tratado de Libre Comercio --- Agreement between Canada, the United States of America, and the United Mexican States --- Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte --- United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement --- Amérique du Sud --- Mercado común del Sur (MERCOSUR) --- Accord de libre-échange nord-américain (1992) --- intégration économique

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Law --- General and Others --- public defender's office --- access to justice --- public defense --- justice --- human rights --- Public defenders --- Public defenders. --- MERCOSUR (Organization) --- South America --- Defenders, Public --- Criminal defense lawyers --- Government attorneys --- Legal assistance to the poor --- Defense (Criminal procedure) --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Common Market of the South --- Mercado Común del Cono Sur --- Mercado Común del Sur --- Mercosul (Organization) --- Southern Cone Common Market --- Unión de Naciones Suramericanas --- Cono Sur de América --- South American Southern Cone --- Southern South America --- Criminal procedure --- Criminal procedure. --- Brazil. --- Criminal law --- Courts --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Procedure (Law) --- Public law --- Appellate procedure --- Criminal courts --- Trial practice --- Pleading and practice --- al-Barāzīl --- Barāzīl --- Brasil --- Brasile --- Brasilia --- Brasili --- Brasilien --- Brazili --- Brazili Federativlă Respubliki --- Brazilia --- Brazilii͡ --- Brazilii͡a Federativ Respublikaḣy --- Braziliya --- Braziliya Federativ Respublikası --- Brazilská federativní republika --- Brazylia --- Brésil --- Burajiru --- Federale Republiek van Brasili --- Federative Republic of Brazil --- Federativna republika Brazil --- Federativna republika Brazilii͡ --- Federat͡siėm Respublikė Brazil --- Fedėratyŭnai͡a Rėspublika Brazilii͡ --- Gweriniaeth Ffederal Brasil --- Pa-hsi --- Pa-se --- Pa-se Liân-pang Kiōng-hô-kok --- Pederatibong Republika sa Brasil --- Pindorama --- República Federal del Brasil --- Republica Federale di u Brasile --- Republica Federativa del Brazil --- República Federativa do Brasil --- Rèpublica fèdèrativa du Brèsil --- Republik Kevreel Brazil --- République fédérative du Brésil --- Tantasqa Republika Wrasil --- Tetã Pindorama --- Wrasil --- Avocats d'office