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Design for a democratic society was a matter of urgency in bombed-out postwar Europe. Swiss sociologist, journalist, professor and founding father of strollology Lucius Burckhardt (1925-2003) pioneered the interdisciplinary analysis of man-made environments, and thereby highlighted both the visible and invisible aspects of our cities and social relations. Acutely aware of how our interventions and decisions shape the world, and how the changing world in turn, shapes us, his life-long focus was not only the prerequisites of architecture, urban planning and design but also their long-term impact

City planning -- Environmental aspects. --- Climatic changes -- Environmental aspects. --- Urban ecology (Sociology). --- Urban ecology (Sociology) --- Cities and towns --- Urban ecology --- Urban environment --- Social ecology --- Sociology, Urban --- Environmental aspects --- City planning --- Environmental aspects.

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We analyse euro area investors' portfolio rebalancing during the ECB's Asset Purchase Programme at the security level. Our empirical analysis shows that euro area investors (in particular investment funds and households) actively rebalanced away from securities targeted under the Public Sector Purchase Programme and other euro-denominated debt securities, towards foreign debt instruments, including `closest substitutes', i.e. certain sovereign debt securities issued by non-euro area advanced countries. This rebalancing was particularly strong during the first six quarters of the programme. Our analysis also reveals marked differences across sectors as well as country groups within the euro area, suggesting that quantitative easing has induced heterogeneous portfolio shifts.

United States --- Exports and Imports --- Investments: General --- Investments: Stocks --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Industries: Financial Services --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- International Policy Coordination and Transmission --- Monetary Policy --- International Financial Markets --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Investment & securities --- Finance --- International economics --- Monetary economics --- Securities --- Mutual funds --- Capital flows --- Stocks --- Unconventional monetary policies --- Financial institutions --- Balance of payments --- Monetary policy --- Financial instruments --- Capital movements

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This paper provides a dataset on the currency composition of the international investment position for a group of 50 countries for the period 1990-2017. It improves available data based on estimates by incorporating actual data reported by statistical authorities and refining estimation methods. The paper illustrates current and new uses of these data, with particular focus on the evolution of currency exposures of cross-border positions.

United States --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Money and Monetary Policy --- International Factor Movements and International Business: General --- Open Economy Macroeconomics --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Monetary economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- International economics --- Currencies --- Foreign currency exposure --- Exchange rates --- International investment position --- Money --- External position --- Foreign exchange market --- Investments, Foreign