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Dans les années soixante-dix, les organismes internationaux prennent le relais des États du tiers monde pour soutenir et contrôler les politiques agricoles qui ont précédemment échoué. En Côte-d'Ivoire, la Banque mondiale finance un ambitieux projet de la Compagnie ivoirienne pour le Développement des Textiles (CIDT) : introduire la culture attelée, intensifier les cultures vivrières et rendre les champs permanents dans le Nord-Ouest ivoirien. Ce livre retrace les débuts (1974 à 1978) de la passionnante aventure de paysans qui, dans une région faiblement peuplée, ont élaboré des systèmes agraires en harmonie avec l'environnement. Opérant un tri dans la panoplie technologique proposée par la CIDT, ils restent à l'affût de ce qui améliorera leur niveau de vie ou l'organisation de leur travail. Mais les nouvelles techniques contribuent à accentuer les différenciations socio-économiques ; la stabilisation des cultures demeure encore une chimère, pour la CIDT comme pour les paysans, et, dans ces conditions, le bulldozer ravage les sols ; la concurrence vivriers-coton n'est pas un vain mot quand c'est une société cotonnière qui se charge de promouvoir le riz et le maïs ; l'installation récente des Peul et de leurs zébus chassés du Sahel par la sécheresse suscite des projets de développement contraignants, pour les éleveurs comme pour les paysans ; les villes attirent les jeunes aussi... Tout bouge, la voie du développement n'est décidément pas aussi clairement tracée que le croyait la CIDT, mais la culture attelée est adoptée et la puissante volonté de progrès des paysans ne laisse pas indifférent. Quinze ans ont passé. De nouvelles études de l'ORSTOM cherchent à saisir l'évolution actuelle : l'ajustement structurel sévit ici comme ailleurs dans le tiers monde, les charrues sont toujours là, mais il n'y a plus l'aide de l'État comme dans les années soixante, plus d'aide internationale comme dans les années soixante-dix, les paysans se trouvent seuls à inventer leur…

Cotton farmers --- Farm management --- Agricultural development projects --- Social aspects --- Bagoué Region (Cote d'Ivoire) --- Rural conditions. --- Development projects, Agricultural --- Projects, Agricultural development --- Agricultural assistance --- Agriculture --- Economic development projects --- Rural development projects --- Farm organization --- Farms --- Land tenure --- Management --- Agricultural landscape management --- Agricultural systems --- Cotton growers --- Farmers, Cotton --- Growers, Cotton --- Farmers --- Economic aspects --- agriculture --- système agraire --- coton --- économie rurale --- culture de rente --- changement social --- élevage --- développement rural --- population rurale --- utilisation du sol --- culture attelée

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Cotton farmers --- Cotton trade --- Peasants --- Producteurs de coton --- Coton --- Paysannerie --- History. --- History --- Histoire --- Commerce --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Rural conditions. --- Conditions rurales --- ZR / Congo - Kongo (Zaire) --- 92 --- 325 --- 338.722.0 --- 338.724 --- Geschiedenis. --- Koloniale politiek. --- Landbouweconomie: algemeenheden. --- Teelten. --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Business & Economics --- Histoire. --- 92 Geschiedenis. --- 92 Histoire. --- 92 History. --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Peasantry --- Cotton growers --- Farmers, Cotton --- Growers, Cotton --- Congo (Leopoldville) --- République du Congo (Leopoldville) --- Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville) --- Republic of Congo (Leopoldville) --- République démocratique du Congo --- Democratic Republic of the Congo --- Demokraticheskai︠a︡ Respublika Kongo --- Kongo --- Congo (Kinshasa) --- RDC (République démocratique du Congo) --- DRC (Democratic Republic of the Congo) --- DRK (Demokraticheskai︠a︡ Respublika Kongo) --- Democratic Republic of Congo --- DR Congo --- RD Congo --- Agricultural laborers --- Rural population --- Marks (Medieval land tenure) --- Villeinage --- Textile industry --- Farmers --- Belgian Congo --- Zaire --- Koloniale politiek --- Landbouweconomie: algemeenheden --- Teelten --- Geschiedenis --- E-books --- Rural conditions --- Congo DR --- R.D. Congo

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As human populations grow and resources are depleted, agriculture will need to use land, water, and other resources more efficiently and without sacrificing long-term sustainability. Darwinian Agriculture presents an entirely new approach to these challenges, one that draws on the principles of evolution and natural selection. R. Ford Denison shows how both biotechnology and traditional plant breeding can use Darwinian insights to identify promising routes for crop genetic improvement and avoid costly dead ends. Denison explains why plant traits that have been genetically optimized by individual selection--such as photosynthesis and drought tolerance--are bad candidates for genetic improvement. Traits like plant height and leaf angle, which determine the collective performance of plant communities, offer more room for improvement. Agriculturalists can also benefit from more sophisticated comparisons among natural communities and from the study of wild species in the landscapes where they evolved. Darwinian Agriculture reveals why it is sometimes better to slow or even reverse evolutionary trends when they are inconsistent with our present goals, and how we can glean new ideas from natural selection's marvelous innovations in wild species.

Sustainable agriculture. --- Agricultural biotechnology. --- Evolution (Biology) --- Crops --- Low-input agriculture --- Low-input sustainable agriculture --- Lower input agriculture --- Resource-efficient agriculture --- Sustainable farming --- Agriculture --- Alternative agriculture --- Crop evolution --- Agro-biotechnology --- Biotechnology --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Evolution. --- Crops - Evolution --- Agricultural biotechnology --- Sustainable agriculture --- Colin Donald. --- Green Revolution. --- adaptation. --- agricultural ecosystems. --- agricultural research. --- agriculture. --- agroecologists. --- agroecology. --- animals. --- bet-hedging. --- biodiversity. --- biotechnology. --- cheating. --- chemicals. --- competition. --- complementarity. --- conflict. --- cooperation. --- cotton farmers. --- crop diversity. --- crops. --- cultivation. --- drought tolerance. --- environmental impact. --- evolution. --- evolutionary arms races. --- evolutionary biology. --- farmers. --- food production. --- food security. --- food supply. --- fungus-growing ants. --- genes. --- genetic engineering. --- genetic improvement. --- group selection. --- intercropping. --- kin selection. --- leaf-cutter ants. --- multispecies interactions. --- mutualism. --- natural ecosystems. --- natural selection. --- nitrogen fixation. --- nutrient-use efficiency. --- nutrients. --- perennial grain crops. --- pest control. --- pesticide resistance. --- pests. --- phenotypic plasticity. --- photosynthesis. --- plant breeding. --- plants. --- population. --- refuge strategy. --- reindeer. --- reproductive success. --- resource-use efficiency. --- sanctions. --- sustainability. --- tradeoffs. --- transfer RNA. --- transportation. --- trees. --- water-use efficiency. --- watergrass. --- weeds. --- wild rice. --- wild species. --- yield.