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The distribution of income, the rate of pay raises, and the mobility of employees is crucial to understanding labor economics. Although research abounds on the distribution of wages across individuals in the economy, wage differentials within firms remain a mystery to economists. The first effort to examine linked employer-employee data across countries, The Structure of Wages: An International Comparison analyzes labor trends and their institutional background in the United States and eight European countries. A distinguished team of contributors reveal how a rising wage variance rewards star employees at a higher rate than ever before, how talent becomes concentrated in a few firms over time, and how outside market conditions affect wages in the twenty-first century. From a comparative perspective that examines wage and income differences within and between countries such as Denmark, Italy, and the Netherlands, this volume will be required reading for economists and those working in industrial organization.

Wages --- -Wage differentials --- 331.21 --- Compensation --- Departmental salaries --- Earnings --- Pay --- Remuneration --- Salaries --- Wage-fund --- Wage rates --- Working class --- Income --- Labor costs --- Compensation management --- Cost and standard of living --- Prices --- Differentials, Wage --- Effect of labor mobility on --- Wages. --- Wage differentials. --- Labor mobility --- Effect of labor mobility on. --- E-books --- International business enterprises. --- Labor mobility. --- Wages - Effect of labor mobility on. --- Wages -- Effect of labor mobility on. --- Wage differentials --- Business & Economics --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- economics, labor, employees, mobility, pay raises, income, distribution, wealth, promotion, class, wage differentials, economy, performance, compensation, success, talent, variance, rising, market conditions, netherlands, denmark, italy, industrial organization, sweden, france, norway, germany, finland, belgium, firm productivity, nonfiction, international.

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Inequality has been rising in many countries over the last decades and the process seems to have accelerated with the Great Recession. Not only is income distribution more unequal today than 40 years ago, but also its transmission through generations has increased. In other words, many countries no longer experience upward economic mobility as was prevalent in the past. Research in Labor Economics volume 43 contains new and innovative research on the causes and consequences of inequality. Topics include the way inequality is measured, the level of equal opportunities across countries, the impact of education, the effect of changing occupational structure, the consequences of changing productivity within the firm, the roles of stagnating average real wages, the decline of union membership, the effect of maternal labor supply on labor market outcomes of their children, and the link between income inequality and health.

E-books --- Income distribution --- Wage differentials --- Equality --- Labor economics --- Economic aspects --- Income distribution. --- Wage differentials. --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Differentials, Wage --- Wages --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- Economic aspects. --- Economics --- Business & Economics --- Labour economics. --- Labor. --- Business, Management and Economics --- Equality Economic aspects --- Equality. --- Social stratification. --- Labor economics.

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Should we be troubled by rising income inequality? Does the Financial Crisis oblige us to consider how much inequality is desirable? The United States and many European countries have seen shifts in public attitudes toward a widening gap between the rich and poor. Will income inequality return to the political agenda? In thirteen candid interviews, distinguished business, political and labor leaders discuss the "inequality puzzle" and what should be done. "In the current socio-economic environment, there seems to be a broad consensus that the present degree of inequality is too high, less in terms of wealth, than in terms of compensation. This certainly holds true for the United States, but also to a lesser degree for Europe." Josef Ackermann, CEO & Chairman, Deutsche Bank "So anybody who says that inequality isn't a big issue for the effective functioning of a society, is simply ignorant of the record of humanity. It's a huge issue." Fred Smith, Chairman, President & CEO, FedEx Features interviews with -Josef Ackermann, CEO & Chairman, Deutsche Bank -Bertrand Collomb, Honorary Chairman, Lafarge -Gabriele Galateri di Genola, Chairman, Telecom Italia -Jürgen Hambrecht, Chairman, BASF -Maurice Lévy, Chairman & CEO, Publicis -John Monks, General Secretary, European Trade Union Confederation -Sir Mark Moody-Stuart, Former Chairman, Anglo American; Former Chairman, Shell -Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, President, Party of European Socialists; Former Prime Minister, Denmark -Fred Smith, Chairman, President, & CEO, FedEx -John Sweeney, President Emeritus, AFL-CIO -William Weld, Partner, McDermott Will & Emery LLP; Former Governor, Massachusetts -James Wolfensohn, Chairman & CEO, Wolfensohn & Co.; Former President, World Bank -Jerry Yang, Co-Founder & Chief Yahoo, Yahoo! Analytical chapters and recommendations -Roland Berger, Founder, Roland Berger Foundation -David B. Grusky, Director, Stanford Center for the Study of Poverty & Inequality -Christopher Wimer, Associate Director, Collaboration for Poverty Research, Stanford Center for the Study of Poverty & Inequality.

Income distribution -- United States. --- Income distribution. --- Wage differentials -- United States. --- Wage differentials. --- Wealth -- United States. --- Income distribution --- Social Sciences --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Social Sciences - General --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Social sciences. --- Public finance. --- Economic policy. --- Social Sciences. --- Social Sciences, general. --- Economic Policy. --- Public Economics. --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Currency question --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Public finances --- EU-landen --- Verenigde Staten

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This book presents an integrated overview and evidence, taking Japan as an example, on how international trade, especially with developing countries, affects labor market in developed countries, which has been keenly debated among international and labor economists since the late 1980s. The unique point of this book is that it integrates international trade and labor market into the same framework. The analysis includes both theory and empirical study. It especially pays attention to wage inequality between skilled and unskilled labor represented by nonproduction and production workers, and college graduates and high-school graduates. The estimation method used is to analyze input-output tables containing 55 manufacturing industries during the period 1995-2005, and to measure factor content of trade using these tables. Main results are as follows: First, both relative wage and relative employment of nonproduction to production workers, and college graduates to high-school graduates increased as a trend since the 1980s, suggesting a relative demand shift toward skilled labor. Second, analysis using input-output tables revealed that employment reduction due to increased imports is greater in production workers than in nonproduction workers, and that employment increase due to increased exports is greater in nonproduction workers than in production workers, suggesting the comparative advantage being at work in line with the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson model. Third, analysis using factor content of trade revealed that increased trade during 1995-2005 especially with Asian countries raised the relative wage of nonproduction to production workers in the aggregated manufacturing sector by 0.023 points (1.400 to 1.422), or by 1.6 percent in terms of rate of change. This estimation result suggests that increased trade in this period played a certain role in widening wage inequality between nonproduction to production workers. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the effect of globalization on labor market in the field of economics. .

Pay equity --- Wage differentials --- Comparative economics. --- International economics. --- Labor economics. --- Economics. --- International Economics. --- Labor Economics. --- Economics --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Comparative economic systems --- Economics, Comparative --- Differentials, Wage --- Wages --- Comparable worth --- Equal pay for comparable work --- Equal pay for work of comparable value --- Equity, Pay --- Worth, Comparable

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We show that gender inequality decreases the variety of goods countries produce and export, in particular in low-income and developing countries. We argue that this happens through at least two channels: first, gender gaps in opportunity, such as lower educational enrollment rates for girls than for boys, harm diversification by constraining the potential pool of human capital available in an economy. Second, gender gaps in the labor market impede the development of new ideas by decreasing the efficiency of the labor force. Our empirical estimates support these hypotheses, providing evidence that gender-friendly policies could help countries diversify their economies.

Income distribution --- Wage differentials --- Differentials, Wage --- Wages --- Economic Development: Human Resources --- Economics of Gender --- Education and Inequality --- Export diversification --- Exports and Imports --- Exports --- Gender diversity --- Gender inequality --- Gender Studies --- Gender studies --- Gender studies, gender groups --- Gender --- Human Capital --- Human capital --- Human Development --- Income Distribution --- Income economics --- International economics --- International trade --- Labor force participation --- Labor market --- Labor Productivity --- Labor Standards: Labor Force Composition --- Labor --- Labour --- Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development --- Migration --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Occupational Choice --- Sex discrimination --- Sex role --- Skills --- Social discrimination & equal treatment --- Trade: General --- Women & girls --- Women --- Women's Studies --- Lesotho, Kingdom of