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MICROSCOPY --- URINE --- atlases --- atlas --- 579.61 --- biologie --- geneeskunde --- laboratoriumtechnieken --- microscopie --- urine --- urineonderzoeken --- urinesedimenten --- medische microbiologie --- atlases. --- atlas. --- Microscopy --- Urine --- Atlases. --- Atlas. --- Pee --- Body fluids --- Excretion --- Kidneys --- Examination&delete& --- Atlases --- Examination

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Dear Colleagues, There is increasing interest regarding the protective effect of dietary patterns on a series of metabolic diseases as compared to specific food items and nutrients, since it is well accepted that foods act synergistically. In recent years, the Mediterranean diet (MD) has gained popularity as one such dietary pattern, demonstrated to deliver many benefits according to a variety of different studies (cohort, RCT, etc.), adding to its legacy. The intention of this Special Issue is to stimulate sharing of additional clues that may further develop our understanding of the relationship between the Mediterranean diet and metabolic diseases. Another aim is to clarify potential differences in the benefits observed by different MD patterns. Moreover, as more info becomes available on the effect of MD patterns in the microbiome but also in the area of proteomics and epigenetics, relevant mechanisms and involved key mediators still need to be identified in order to provide further clarity in the description of the underlying mechanisms and the potential health outcomes occurring in response to adhering to MD. You are cordially invited to submit proposals for manuscripts that bring new elements into this interesting and promising topic. We invite clinicians and researchers to submit relevant scientific work from epidemiological or clinical studies, either original articles or reviews, to this Special Issue of Nutrients entitled “Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Diseases”.

urinary sodium excretion --- urinary potassium excretion --- salt --- sodium --- non-communicable diseases --- United Arab Emirates --- COVID-19 --- eating habits --- lifestyle behaviors --- Mediterranean Diet --- metabolites --- clinical trial --- lipoprotein composition --- biomarkers --- Mediterranean diet --- Mediterranean diet scores --- anthropometrics --- lipids --- cardiometabolic risk --- saturated fatty acids --- ASCVD prevention --- diabetes mellitus --- dietary pattern --- metabolic disease --- women --- nutritional habits --- health behaviors --- lifestyle --- obesity --- metabolic syndrome --- Mediterranean diet adherence --- Mediterranean dietary pattern --- n/a

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Membrane transporters are of vital importance for cells. They mediate the flux of many substances through the plasma membrane. In this book, the transporters for organic cations, a special class of membrane transporters, are presented. Transporters belonging to this class are important because they allow many neurotransmitters (e.g., histamine and serotonin) and many drugs (e.g., trospium and tofacitinib) to permeate the plasma membrane. Therefore, transporters for organic cations can modulate the action of neurotransmitters and drugs, having in this way important physiological and pharmacological implications. These aspects are illustrated in original works and reviews presented in this book. Using a system biology approach, the global significance of different transporters working together has been illustrated. Regulation mechanisms determining their expression in specific organs and modulating their function are also described in this book, also concerning their role for special drug toxicities. Such an aspect is also discussed in relationship to mutations (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of transporters for organic cations. Finally, the translational value of studies performed in flies, mice, and rats is discussed. Therefore, this book offers integrative information on transporters for organic cations, which may be of interest to beginners and specialized scientists in this field.

transporters --- endogenous metabolism --- functional subgroups --- SLC22 --- remote sensing and signaling --- drug transporters --- gut microbiome --- chronic kidney disease --- solute carrier 22 (SLC22) --- Remote Sensing and Signaling Theory --- interorgan communication --- organic anion transporter --- organic cation transporter --- SLC22A15 --- SLC22A16 --- SLC22A18 --- kidney --- Malpighian tubule --- TCGA --- human pathology atlas --- gene ontology --- organic cations --- transport --- kidneys --- regulation --- Nuclear receptor --- renal excretion --- bile acids --- organic cation transporters --- drug disposition --- genetic polymorphisms --- drug-induced kidney injury --- nephrotoxicity --- RA --- Tofacitinib --- Baricitinib --- MATE1 --- solute carrier (SLC) family --- OCT1 --- SLC22A1 --- species differences --- drugs --- pesticides --- cisplatin nephrotoxicity --- PPAR-alpha --- organic transporters --- serotonin transporter --- plasma membrane monoamine transporter --- ketamine --- isoflurane --- serotonin clearance --- antidepressant-like activity --- chronoamperometry --- tail suspension test --- forced swim test --- hepatotoxicity --- solute carrier --- pulmonary drug delivery --- SLC22A1–5 --- lung epithelium --- drug uptake --- β2-agonists --- chronic lung diseases --- anticholinergics --- trospium --- OCT --- MATE --- drug excretion --- drug transport --- n/a --- SLC22A1-5

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This book focuses on the effect of natural substances, bioactive compounds and bacteriocins on rabbit production and reproduction, performance, gastrointestinal microbiota, health parameters, and metabolic processes in rabbits. Obtained information may help in the utilization of natural additives in human and veterinary healthcare without negative impact on environment and animal welfare. Finally, special attention is given to urgent need for more studies to understand the metabolic processes of natural compounds on a molecular level, to establish the beneficial dose.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Animals & society --- receptivity --- fertility --- estrogen --- LH --- milk production --- rabbit --- thymol --- absorption --- distribution --- accumulation --- excretion --- Goji fruit --- intestinal bacterial community --- caecum --- lactic acid --- ammonium --- rabbit meat quality --- rosemary essential oil --- ginger essential oil --- growth performance --- lipid profile --- antioxidant balance --- ethyl esters --- linseed oil --- fatty acids --- hair coat --- enterocin --- health --- immunity --- microbiota --- prevention --- agave --- intestinal mucosa --- natural products --- biological activity --- human --- animal --- n/a

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The mechanisms and physiological functions of urea transport across biological membranes are subjects of long-standing interest. Recent advances in the molecular biology and physiology of urea transport have yielded new insights into how and why urea moves across cell membranes. In the last two decades, seven facilitated urea transporters (UT-A1-6 and UT-B) have been cloned, and their gene organization, protein crystal structure, expression localization and physiological functions in the tissues have been described. In recent years, the studies in urea transporter knockout mouse models suggest that urea transporters may be useful targets for drug discovery of selective inhibitors. The modulation of urea transport activity by pharmacological agents may provide novel treatments for hypertension, congestive heart failure and other fluid-retaining states. However, although urea represents about 40% of all urinary solutes in normal human urine, the handling of this solute in the tissues has been largely neglected in the past, and few clinical or experimental studies now report data about urea. Most recent physiological textbooks include chapters on water and electrolyte physiology but not a single chapter on urea. Our aim in writing this book is to stimulate further research in new directions by providing novel and provocative insights into further mechanisms and the physiological significance of urea metabolism and transport in mammals. The book provides a state-of-the-art report on the latest findings on urea transport and where the field is going. Although some older work is cited, the main focus is on advances made over the past 20 years with regard to the biophysics, genetics, protein structure, molecular biology, physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology of urea transport in mammalian cell membranes. These aspects are especially valid, as advances in our understanding of urea transporting mechanisms and physiology promise to yield new insights into biology and medicine.

Urea. --- Kidneys. --- Carbamide --- Metabolism --- Nitrogen excretion --- Urine --- Abdomen --- Urinary organs --- Nephrology --- Analysis --- Biochemistry. --- Medical genetics. --- Human physiology. --- Toxicology. --- Cell membranes. --- Protein Science. --- Gene Function. --- Human Physiology. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Membrane Biology. --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Physiology --- Human body --- Clinical genetics --- Diseases --- Heredity of disease --- Human genetics --- Pathology --- Genetic disorders --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Cell surfaces --- Cytoplasmic membranes --- Plasma membranes --- Plasmalemma --- Membranes (Biology) --- Glycocalyces --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Genetic aspects --- Composition --- Toxicology --- Proteins . --- Pharmacology. --- Cell membranes . --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Physiological effect