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Dates form the backbone of written history. But where do these dates come from? Many different calendars were used in the ancient world. Some of these calendars were based upon observations or calculations of regular astronomical phenomena, such as the first sighting of the new moon crescent that defined the beginning of the month in many calendars, while others incorporated schematic simplifications of these phenomena, such as the 360-day year used in early Mesopotamian administrative practices in order to simplify accounting procedures. Historians frequently use handbooks and tables for conv
Calendars -- History. --- Calendars -- Middle East -- History. --- Calendars --- History --- Astronomy --- Time
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This book is both a survey of practical concepts for forecasting the performance of various telecommunication systems as well as a balanced treatment of space-weather phenomena that give rise to telecommunication impairment episodes. It bridges the gap in the relationship that exists between the following two disciplines: space weather and telecommunication system performance. There are a number of books that address one of the two disciplines in some detail, but only merely mention the other as an afterthought. In this book the author has married the two disciplines so that the readership can see the connections more clearly. All professional and academic researchers in the fields of telecommunication science and technology; military and civilian telecommunication; applied aeronomy and ionospheric physics; and space-weather will find this book essential. It will also be of interest to professionals and researchers in the fields of solar and magnetospheric physics.
Electromagnetic interference. --- Artificial satellites in telecommunication. --- Radio --- Space environment. --- Interference. --- Environment, Space --- Extraterrestrial environment --- Space weather --- Extreme environments --- Jamming (Radio) --- Radio frequency interference --- Radio interference --- Electromagnetic interference --- Radio noise --- Communication satellites --- Communications-relay satellites --- Communications satellites --- Global satellite communications systems --- Satellite communication systems --- Telecommunication satellites --- Telecommunications satellites --- Telstar satellites --- Telecommunication --- Interference, Electromagnetic --- Electric interference --- Electromagnetic compatibility --- Electromagnetic noise --- Signal integrity (Electronics) --- Jamming --- Static --- Astrophysics. --- Physical geography. --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis. --- Geography --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Space sciences. --- Geophysics. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Environmental monitoring. --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Measurement --- Monitoring
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The pioneering work of Abel and Galois in the early nineteenth century demonstrated that the long-standing quest for a solution of quintic equations by radicals was fruitless: no formula can be found. The techniques they used were, in the end, more important than the resolution of a somewhat esoteric problem, for they were the genesis of modern abstract algebra. This book provides a gentle introduction to Galois theory suitable for third- and fourth-year undergraduates and beginning graduates. The approach is unashamedly unhistorical: it uses the language and techniques of abstract algebra to express complex arguments in contemporary terms. Thus the insolubility of the quintic by radicals is linked to the fact that the alternating group of degree 5 is simple - which is assuredly not the way Galois would have expressed the connection. Topics covered include: rings and fields integral domains and polynomials field extensions and splitting fields applications to geometry finite fields the Galois group equations Group theory features in many of the arguments, and is fully explained in the text. Clear and careful explanations are backed up with worked examples and more than 100 exercises, for which full solutions are provided.
Algebraic fields. --- Galois theory. --- Equations, Theory of --- Group theory --- Number theory --- Algebraic number fields --- Algebraic numbers --- Fields, Algebraic --- Algebra, Abstract --- Algebraic number theory --- Rings (Algebra) --- Algebra. --- Field theory (Physics). --- Field Theory and Polynomials. --- Classical field theory --- Continuum physics --- Physics --- Continuum mechanics --- Mathematics --- Mathematical analysis --- Galois-Theorie.
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Legislatures are the core representative institutions in modern democracies. Citizens want legislatures to be decisive, and they want accountability, but they are frequently disillusioned with the representation legislators deliver. Political parties can provide decisiveness in legislatures, and they may provide collective accountability, but citizens and political reformers frequently demand another type of accountability from legislators - at the individual level. Can legislatures provide both kinds of accountability? This book considers what collective and individual accountability require and provides the most extensive cross-national analysis of legislative voting undertaken to date. It illustrates the balance between individualistic and collective representation in democracies, and how party unity in legislative voting shapes that balance. In addition to quantitative analysis of voting patterns, the book draws on extensive field and archival research to provide an extensive assessment of legislative transparency throughout the Americas.
Government --- Legislative bodies --- Representative government and representation --- Voting --- Representative government and representation. --- Parliamentary government --- Political representation --- Representation --- Self-government --- Constitutional history --- Constitutional law --- Political science --- Democracy --- Elections --- Republics --- Suffrage --- Legislative record votes --- Legislative roll calls --- Legislative voting --- Voting. --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Legislative bodies - Voting
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Scholarship on the German Reformation has long equated preaching with Protestantism, just as many scholars have employed sermons but usually in supplemental and unsystematic ways. Based on an analysis of over 400 standard sermon collections (postils) produced by Catholics, Lutherans, and Calvinists (1520-1620), this study offers the first comprehensive, systematic presentation of these works from a cross-confessional perspective. It lays to rest the notion that preaching was somehow distinctively Protestant while tracing the creation, production, use, and censorship of postils. These sermon collections were nothing less than the applied distillation of Christianity delivered on a regular basis by the clergy to the laity, and as such the most important vehicle for the dissemination of ideas in early modern Germany.
Christian church history --- History of Germany and Austria --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Sermons --- Reformation --- History and criticism. --- Catholic Church --- Germany --- Church history --- 251 <43> --- 251 "15" --- 27 <43> "15/16" --- 239.9*1 --- 239.9*2 --- Christian sermons --- Homilies --- Sermonettes --- Christian literature --- Homiletiek. Verkondiging. Prediking--Duitsland voor 1945 en na 1989 --- Homiletiek. Verkondiging. Prediking--?"15" --- Kerkgeschiedenis--Duitsland voor 1945 en na 1989--?"15/16" --- Katholieke polemieken met protestanten --- Protestantse polemieken met katholieken --- Church of Rome --- Roman Catholic Church --- Katholische Kirche --- Katolyt︠s︡ʹka t︠s︡erkva --- Römisch-Katholische Kirche --- Römische Kirche --- Ecclesia Catholica --- Eglise catholique --- Eglise catholique-romaine --- Katolicheskai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Chiesa cattolica --- Iglesia Católica --- Kościół Katolicki --- Katolicki Kościół --- Kościół Rzymskokatolicki --- Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai --- Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Gereja Katolik --- Kenesiyah ha-Ḳatolit --- Kanisa Katoliki --- כנסיה הקתולית --- כנסייה הקתולית --- 가톨릭교 --- 천주교 --- 239.9*2 Protestantse polemieken met katholieken --- 239.9*1 Katholieke polemieken met protestanten --- History and criticism --- Sermons - Germany - History and criticism. --- Reformation - Germany. --- Germany - Church history - 16th century.
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John Hobson claims that throughout its history most international theory has been embedded within various forms of Eurocentrism. Rather than producing value-free and universalist theories of inter-state relations, international theory instead provides provincial analyses that celebrate and defend Western civilization as the subject of, and ideal normative referent in, world politics. Hobson also provides a sympathetic critique of Edward Said's conceptions of Eurocentrism and Orientalism, revealing how Eurocentrism takes different forms, which can be imperialist or anti-imperialist, and showing how these have played out in international theory since 1760. The book thus speaks to scholars of international relations and also to all those interested in understanding Eurocentrism in the disciplines of political science/political theory, political economy/international political economy, geography, cultural and literary studies, sociology and, not least, anthropology
International relations. Foreign policy --- anno 1700-1799 --- anno 1800-1999 --- anno 2000-2009 --- International relations --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / General --- Philosophy --- History. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / General. --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Eurocentrism. --- Eurocentricity --- Ethnocentrism --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Relations internationales --- Eurocentrisme --- Philosophie --- Histoire --- Europe
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General ethics --- Antiquity --- Philosophy, Ancient. --- Philosophy, Ancient --- #GROL:SEMI-17<09> --- Ancient philosophy --- Greek philosophy --- Philosophy, Greek --- Philosophy, Roman --- Roman philosophy --- Values --- Ethics, Ancient --- Philosophie ancienne --- Valeurs (Philosophie) --- Morale ancienne --- Ethics --- Philosophy & Religion --- Philosophy --- Ethics, Greek
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The undisputed intellectual leadership of Octavio Paz, not only in Mexico but throughout Spanish America, rests on achievements in the essay and in poetry. In the field of the essay, he is the author of more than twenty-five books on subjects whose diversity -- esthetics, politics, surrealist art, the Mexican character, cultural anthropology, and Eastern philosophy, to cite only a few -- is dazzling. In poetry, his creativity has increased in vigor over more than fifty years as he has explored the numerous possibilities open to Hispanic poets from many different sources. The bridge that joins
Paz, Octavio --- Paz, Octavio, --- Criticism and interpretation --- Critique et interprétation --- -Criticism and interpretation --- Critique et interprétation --- -Paz, Octavio --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Pʻa-ssu, Ao-kʻo-tʻa-wei-ao, --- Ao-kʻo-tʻa-wei-ao Pʻa-ssu, --- Paz, O. --- Пас, Октавио, --- Pas, Oktavio, --- Paz Lozano, Octavio, --- Lozano, Octavio Paz, --- Pas, Oḳṭavyo, --- פאס, אוקטביו
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Human genetics --- Medical genetics --- Génétique médicale --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques --- Medical genetics. --- Génétique médicale. --- 44.48 medical genetics --- Genetics, Medical. --- Human Genetics --- Medical Genetics --- Genetics, Human --- Anthropology, Physical --- Chromosome Disorders --- Sex Chromosome Disorders --- Genetic Diseases, Inborn --- Molecular Medicine --- Periodicals --- Health Sciences --- Life Sciences --- Genetics --- Pathology --- Biology --- Clinical genetics --- Diseases --- Heredity of disease --- Genetic aspects --- Medical sciences --- Genetic disorders --- Genetics, Medical
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Human genetics --- Genetics, Medical. --- Human Genetics --- Medical Genetics --- Genetics, Human --- Anthropology, Physical --- Chromosome Disorders --- Sex Chromosome Disorders --- Genetic Diseases, Inborn --- Molecular Medicine --- Periodicals --- Medical genetics --- Medical genetics. --- Génétique médicale. --- 44.48 medical genetics --- Life Sciences --- Genetics --- Clinical genetics --- Diseases --- Heredity of disease --- Genetic aspects --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Genetic disorders --- 44.48 medical genetics. --- Genetics, Medical
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