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From the infinitesimal scale of particle physics to the cosmic scale of the universe, research is concerned with the nature of mass. While there have been spectacular advances in physics during the past century, mass still remains a mysterious entity at the forefront of current research. Our current perspective on gravitation has arisen over millennia, through the contemplation of falling apples, lift thought experiments and notions of stars spiraling into black holes.  In this volume, the world’s leading scientists offer a multifaceted approach to mass by giving a concise and introductory presentation based on insights from their respective fields of research on gravity. The main theme is mass and its motion within general relativity and other theories of gravity, particularly for compact bodies. Within this framework, all articles are tied together coherently, covering post-Newtonian and related methods as well as the self-force approach to the analysis of motion in curved space-time, closing with an overview of the historical development and a snapshot on the actual state of the art.   All contributions reflect the fundamental role of mass in physics, from issues related to Newton’s laws, to the effect of self-force and radiation reaction within theories of gravitation, to the role of the Higgs boson in modern physics. High-precision measurements are described in detail, modified theories of gravity reproducing experimental data are investigated as alternatives to dark matter, and the fundamental problem of reconciling any theory of gravity with the physics of quantum fields is addressed. Auxiliary chapters set the framework for theoretical contributions within the broader context of experimental physics.   The book is based upon the lectures of the CNRS School on Mass held in Orléans, France, in June 2008. All contributions have been anonymously refereed and, with the cooperation of the authors, revised by the editors to ensure overall consistency.

Relativity (Physics) --- Physics. --- Gravitation. --- Mechanics. --- Astrophysics. --- Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Gravitation --- Nonrelativistic quantum mechanics --- Space and time --- Classical Mechanics. --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Field theory (Physics) --- Matter --- Antigravity --- Centrifugal force --- Properties

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L’influence de l’histoire contemporaine dans l’œuvre de Marguerite Yourcenar propose de montrer que, loin d’être seulement un écrivain classique qui s’intéresse à l’histoire du passé, Marguerite Yourcenar ne cesse d’évoquer l’histoire contemporaine et en subit nettement l’influence. La confrontation avec les historiens révèle que Le Labyrinthe du monde reflète avec fidélité les événements politiques, les réalités sociales et les mentalités du XIXème et du début du XXème siècles. Dans la représentation des siècles passés se profilent très fréquemment les préoccupations que vivent les contemporains de l’écrivain. L’intérêt de cet essai réside dans la mise en évidence de la répercussion des connaissances scientifiques sur la pensée de Marguerite Yourcenar. Sensible aux apports de la modernité tant dans ses idées que dans sa création littéraire mais profondément imprégnée de culture classique et convaincue de l’universalité de l’humanité, elle définit pour aujourd’hui un humanisme qui réalise la synthèse entre les valeurs de l’Antiquité, de l’Orient et celles de l’Occident moderne.

French literature --- Women authors --- History and criticism. --- Women authors. --- Yourcenar, Marguerite --- Yourcenar, Marguerite. --- De Crayencour, Marguerite --- Crayencour, Marguerite de --- I͡Ursenar, Margerit --- Jursenar, Margerit --- Yourcenar, M. --- Yourcenar, Marg --- Yourcenar, Marguerite, --- Yursenar, Margere --- Yūrsn̲ār, Mārkerit --- Criticism and interpretation. --- I︠U︡rsenar, Margerit --- Юрсенар, Маргерит --- Yursenar, Margereṭ --- יורסנאר, מרגרט --- �I�Ursenar, Margerit --- Yursenar, Margere�t --- Y�urs�n�ar, M�arkerit --- Yurusun�aru, Maruguritto --- Yurusunāru, Maruguritto --- History in literature.

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« Comme les Italiens sont tombés dans un état désespéré et incorrigible, même les saints ont éprouvé à leur égard de la répulsion, et Dieu les a délaissés ; mais ils ne vivent plus qu'une vie de porcs, selon leurs désirs ! » Tel est le jugement que porte Théodore Agallianos, clerc du patriarcat de Constantinople, sur les Occidentaux en 1442. Onze ans avant la chute de Constantinople, alors que les Turcs menacent ce qu'il reste de l'Empire, les Byzantins s'affrontent à propos d'une éventuelle intervention des Latins en leur faveur : les uns sont prêts à toutes sortes de compromis afin d'obtenir du pape qu'il prêche la croisade, tandis que d'autres, à la suite d'Agallianos, n'ont que mépris et détestation pour l'Occident et son christianisme hétérodoxe. Pourtant les allusions au monde latin ne manquent pas dans le Dialogue, que l'auteur évoque la figure de François d'Assise, le concile de Florence ou les reliques de la Sainte-Chapelle. Ce texte, ouvertement xénophobe, offre paradoxalement un éclairage précieux sur les formes de l'influence latine à Byzance à la fin du Moyen Âge et sur les enjeux d'une alliance entre Europe occidentale et orientale.

Orthodox Eastern Church --- Catholic Church --- Relations --- Orthodox Eastern Church. --- Byzantine Empire --- Empire byzantin --- Civilization --- History. --- Civilisation --- Histoire --- East and West --- History --- 281.5 <093> --- 949.2.04 --- Oosterse, Byzantijnse kerken:--in het algemeen--Historische bronnen --- Geschiedenis van Nederland:--(1648-1795) --- 949.2.04 Geschiedenis van Nederland:--(1648-1795) --- 281.5 <093> Oosterse, Byzantijnse kerken:--in het algemeen--Historische bronnen --- Civilization, Western --- Civilization, Oriental --- Occident and Orient --- Orient and Occident --- West and East --- Eastern question --- Asian influences --- Oriental influences --- Western influences --- Catholic Church. --- Civilization. --- Church of Rome --- Roman Catholic Church --- Katholische Kirche --- Katolyt︠s︡ʹka t︠s︡erkva --- Römisch-Katholische Kirche --- Römische Kirche --- Ecclesia Catholica --- Eglise catholique --- Eglise catholique-romaine --- Katolicheskai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Chiesa cattolica --- Iglesia Católica --- Kościół Katolicki --- Katolicki Kościół --- Kościół Rzymskokatolicki --- Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai --- Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Gereja Katolik --- Kenesiyah ha-Ḳatolit --- Kanisa Katoliki --- כנסיה הקתולית --- כנסייה הקתולית --- 가톨릭교 --- 천주교 --- East and West. --- Orthodox Eastern Church and Catholic Church --- Theodora regina Epiri (mart. 11) --- Symeon Metaphrastes --- Meletius conf. Galesiota --- Michael Chalcedonensis thaumaturgus conf. sub iconomachis (maii 1) --- Iohannes IV Lascaris imp. --- Iohannes Vatatzes imp. --- Arsenius Autoreianus patr. CP --- Athanasius patr. CP --- Franciscus Assisiensis --- Byzantine Empire - Civilization --- Byzantine Empire - History --- Jean IV Laskaris, empereur byzantin (1258-1261) --- Patres Athonitae

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The book presents a peer-reviewed collection of papers presented during the 10th issue of the Artificial Economics conference, addressing a variety of issues related to macroeconomics, industrial organization, networks, management and finance, as well as purely methodological issues. The field of artificial economics covers a broad range of methodologies relying on computer simulations in order to model and study the complexity of economic and social phenomena. The grounding principle of artificial economics is the analysis of aggregate properties of simulated systems populated by interacting adaptive agents that are equipped with heterogeneous individual behavioral rules. These macroscopic properties are neither foreseen nor intended by the artificial agents but generated collectively by them. They are emerging characteristics of such artificially simulated systems.

Economics/Management Science. --- Game Theory/Mathematical Methods. --- Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks. --- Computer Appl. in Social and Behavioral Sciences. --- Complex Systems. --- Economics. --- Computer network architectures. --- Social sciences --- Economics, Mathematical. --- Economie politique --- Réseaux d'ordinateurs --- Sciences sociales --- Mathématiques économiques --- Data processing. --- Architectures --- Informatique --- Social sciences_xData processing. --- Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Economics --- Computer simulation. --- Mathematical models. --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Computer organization. --- Application software. --- System theory. --- Economic theory. --- Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods. --- Economic man --- Economics, Mathematical --- Architectures, Computer network --- Network architectures, Computer --- Computer architecture --- Systems, Theory of --- Systems science --- Science --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Organization, Computer --- Electronic digital computers --- Philosophy --- Econometrics. --- Computer engineering. --- Computer networks. --- Quantitative Economics. --- Computer Engineering and Networks. --- Computer Application in Social and Behavioral Sciences. --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Electronic data processing --- Network computers --- Computers --- Statistics --- Distributed processing --- Design and construction