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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

NTM --- Non-TB mycobacteria --- Non-tuberculous mycobacteria --- Environmental mycobacteria --- lung disease --- antimicrobial resistance

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Dear Colleagues, A rare disease, also known as an orphan disease, is any disease that affects a small percentage of the population. Although definitions vary from continent to continent, according to the European Union, rare diseases are those with a prevalence of less than 1 in 2000 people. Rare diseases are, in general, chronic, debilitating diseases, which in many cases threaten patients’ lives. It is estimated that 1–2 million people in the European Union are affected by a rare respiratory disease, which is a public health problem. Due to the low prevalence and severity of many of these diseases, whose symptoms often initially manifest in childhood, combined efforts are needed to improve our knowledge of the pathophysiology of these diseases that will lead to the development of new, more effective treatments. Therefore, since rare respiratory diseases represent an important field in medicine, we propose this Special Issue to promote the dissemination of the latest advances in basic and clinical research in these diseases. Prof. Dr. Francisco Dasí Guest Editor

standard diagnosis --- reference centres --- clinical presentation --- cilia --- primary ciliary dyskinesia --- alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency --- rare respiratory diseases --- Mycobacterium avium --- Mycobacterium intracellulare --- nodular bronchiectasis --- non-tuberculous mycobacteria --- pulmonary aspergillosis --- rare pulmonary disease --- miRNA expression --- exhaled breath condensate --- sputum --- severity --- pulmonary exacerbation --- alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency --- augmentation therapy --- replacement therapy --- rare diseases --- gene therapy --- alpha-1-antitrypsin deficit --- cystic fibrosis --- neonatal respiratory distress --- laterality defect --- orphan diseases --- PCD --- immunofluorescence --- antibody --- ALI culture --- bio-resource --- primary nasal epithelium --- diagnostics --- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency --- liver disease --- glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase --- glutamate-pyruvate transaminase --- gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase --- resilience --- active lifestyle --- stress levels --- infection control measure --- self-quarantine --- flow cytometry --- nasal epithelium --- oxidative stress --- reactive oxygen species --- endoplasmic reticulum stress --- antioxidant therapies --- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis --- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease --- bronchiectasis --- asthma --- emphysema --- alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency --- transient elastography --- n/a

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The book offers comprehensive coverage on novel manifestations of known infections, novel infections with documented ophthalmic involvement, and the growing issue of resistance among certain infections. Filling a much-needed gap in current literary offerings, chapters approach ophthalmic manifestations of infectious disease from a novel perspective. Each chapter is co-written by an ophthalmologist and an infectious disease specialist to provide multidisciplinary insight. This unique analysis of infectious disease enhances the ability of ophthalmologists and infectious disease specialists to identify the manifold manifestations of both common and rare infections in the eye. Chapters begin with a general introduction, and each contain an Infectious Disease section, along with an Ophthalmology section. The book covers infections such as viral retinitis, fungal infections, syphilis, tuberculosis, vector-borne illnesses, and delve into rarer conditions such as unusual post-operative infections. Concise and practical, Emerging Ocular Infection will be of use to ID specialists, and ophthalmologists alike.

Ophthalmology. --- Internal medicine. --- Internal Medicine. --- Medicine, Internal --- Medicine --- Eye --- Diseases --- Infections. --- Mycoses ǂx Immunological aspects. --- Mycobacterial diseases. --- Tuberculosis. --- Eye ǂx Diseases. --- Eye Infections --- Infections ǂx immunology. --- Mycobacterium Infections. --- Nontuberculous Mycobacteria. --- Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous. --- Eye Diseases. --- Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated --- Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Familial Disseminated --- Atypical Mycobacteriosis, Familial --- Atypical Mycobacteriosis, Familial Disseminated --- Atypical Mycobacterium Infections --- Infections, Atypical Mycobacterium --- Mycobacterium abscessus Infection --- Mycobacterium Infections, Atypical --- Atypical Mycobacterium Infection --- Familial Atypical Mycobacterioses --- Familial Atypical Mycobacteriosis --- Infection, Mycobacterium abscessus --- Infections, Mycobacterium abscessus --- Mycobacterioses, Familial Atypical --- Mycobacteriosis, Familial Atypical --- Mycobacterium Infection, Atypical --- Mycobacterium Infection, Nontuberculous --- Mycobacterium abscessus Infections --- Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Infection --- Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Infections --- Eye Disorders --- Eye Disease --- Eye Disorder --- Ophthalmology --- Ocular Infections --- Eye Infection --- Infection, Eye --- Infection, Ocular --- Infections, Eye --- Infections, Ocular --- Ocular Infection --- Consumption (Disease) --- Lungs --- Phthisis --- Pulmonary tuberculosis --- TB (Disease) --- Chest --- Mycobacterial diseases --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis --- Atypical Mycobacterium --- Mycobacterium, Atypical --- Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria --- Nontuberculous Mycobacterium --- Atypical Mycobacteria --- Mycobacteria, Atypical --- Mycobacterium duvalii --- Mycobacterium flavescens --- Mycobacterium gilvum --- Mycobacterium gordonae --- Mycobacterium obuense --- Mycobacterium szulgai --- Mycobacterium terrae --- Mycolicibacter terrae --- Mycolicibacterium duvalii --- Mycolicibacterium flavescens --- Mycolicibacterium gilvum --- Mycolicibacterium obuense --- Tuberculoid Bacillus --- Infections, Mycobacterium --- Infection, Mycobacterium --- Mycobacterium Infection --- Mycobacterial disease --- Mycobacterial infections --- Mycobacterioses --- Mycobacterium infections --- Gram-positive bacterial infections --- Tuberculosis --- Mycoses --- Infections --- Immunological aspects. --- Diseases. --- immunology.