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Meta-analysis.

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L'analyse de données joue un rôle croissant dans la recherche agronomique, l'expertise scientifique et les études prospectives. Des sources de données multiples sont souvent disponibles pour estimer un paramètre clé ou pour tester une hypothèse d'intérêt scientifique ou sociétal. Ces données, obtenues dans différentes conditions environnementales ou basées sur différents protocoles expérimentaux, sont généralement hétérogènes. Parfois même, elles ne sont pas accessibles et il est nécessaire de les extraire d'articles scientifiques ou de rapports. Pourtant, une analyse globale des données disponibles est essentielle pour augmenter la précision des estimations, évaluer la robustesse des conclusions et comprendre l'origine de la variabilité de certains résultats. Une synthèse quantitative de l'ensemble des données disponibles permet de mieux comprendre les effets de facteurs expérimentaux et d'affiner les recommandations agronomiques. Conçu comme un guide méthodologique, cet ouvrage montre les intérêts et les limites de différentes méthodes statistiques permettant d'analyser des données issues de réseaux expérimentaux et de réaliser des méta-analyses. Il s'adresse aux ingénieurs, étudiants et chercheurs impliqués dans l'analyse de données agronomiques. Notre objectif est de présenter les principales méthodes statistiques permettant de réaliser une synthèse quantitative des données issues des réseaux expérimentaux et des publications scientifiques. Chaque chapitre expose une ou plusieurs méthodes et les illustre à l'aide d'exemples traités avec le logiciel R. Les données et les codes R sont fournis et commentés afin de faciliter leur adaptation à d'autres situations pratiques. Ils peuvent être utilisés à partir du « package » R KenSyn associé à ce livre.

Analyse des données. --- Agronomie --- Méta-analyse. --- Meta-analysis. --- Analyse des données. --- Méta-analyse.

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Improving Learning centres on the findings from different areas of education-focused research that support evidence-informed teaching and contextualises these results to optimise decision-making in schools. It also describes the origins and principles of meta-analysis in education and how this identifies the successes in improving learning in classrooms. Moreover, it explains the thinking behind the 'Teaching and Learning Toolkit' and similar approaches, which seek a big-picture overview of research findings. The advantages and disadvantages of this approach are explored with practical examples. Additionally, it identifies the issues in using research evidence in education and the steps that can be taken to improve this. It is not a manual on how to conduct a meta-analysis; instead the focus is on developing understanding of the approach in order to present its strengths and weaknesses. This understanding can advance critical engagement and effective use to improve educational outcomes for children and young people.

Education --- Meta-analysis. --- School improvement programs. --- Improvement programs, School --- Instructional improvement programs --- Programs, School improvement --- School self-improvement programs --- School management and organization --- Medicine --- Psychometrics --- Social sciences --- Research --- Evaluation. --- Evaluation --- Statistical methods --- Meta-analysis in education.

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What do we do if different studies appear to give different answers? When applying research to questions for individual patients or for health policy, one of the challenges is interpreting such apparently conflicting research. A systematic review is a method to systematically identify relevant research, appraise its quality, and synthesize the results. The last two decades have seen increasing interest and developments in methods for doing high quality systematic reviews. Part I of this book provides a clear introduction to the concepts of reviewing, and lucidly describes the difficulties and traps to avoid. A unique feature of the book is its description, in Part II, of the different methods needed for different types of health care questions: frequency of disease, prognosis, diagnosis, risk, and management. As well as illustrative examples, there are exercises for each of the sections. This is essential reading for those interested in synthesizing health care research.

Systematic reviews (Medical research) --- Evidence-based medicine. --- Meta-analysis. --- Medicine --- Psychometrics --- Social sciences --- EBM (Medicine) --- Evidence-based healthcare --- Clinical medicine --- Reviews, Systematic (Medical research) --- Evidence-based medicine --- Research --- Evaluation --- Statistical methods --- Decision making --- Nursing --- wetenschappelijke evidentie --- evidence-based nursing --- wetenschappelijk onderzoek --- gezondheidszorg --- literatuurstudie --- evidence-based methodiek --- Meta-Analysis --- Meta-analysis

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Modern meta-analyses do more than combine the effect sizes of a series of similar studies. Meta-analyses are currently increasingly applied for any analysis beyond the primary analysis of studies, and for the analysis of big data. This 26-chapter book was written for nonmathematical professionals of medical and health care, in the first place, but, in addition, for anyone involved in any field involving scientific research. The authors have published over twenty innovative meta-analyses from the turn of the century till now. This edition will review the current state of the art, and will use for that purpose the methodological aspects of the authors' own publications, in addition to other relevant methodological issues from the literature. Are there alternative works in the field? Yes, there are, particularly in the field of psychology. Psychologists have invented meta-analyses in 1970, and have continuously updated methodologies. Although very interesting, their work, just like the whole discipline of psychology, is rather explorative in nature, and so is their focus to meta-analysis. Then, there is the field of epidemiologists. Many of them are from the school of angry young men, who publish shocking news all the time, and JAMA and other publishers are happy to publish it. The reality is, of course, that things are usually not as bad as they seem. Finally, some textbooks, written by professional statisticians, tend to use software programs with miserable menu programs and requiring lots of syntax to be learnt. This is prohibitive to clinical and other health professionals. The current edition is the first textbook in the field of meta-analysis entirely written by two clinical scientists, and it consists of many data examples and step by step analyses, mostly from the authors' own clinical research. .

Meta-Análisis --- Medicine. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Medicine/Public Health, general. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Health Workforce --- Meta-analysis. --- Medicine --- Psychometrics --- Social sciences --- Research --- Evaluation --- Statistical methods