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The book of nature is written in the language of mathematics -- Galileo Galilei How is it possible to predict weather patterns for tomorrow, with access solely to today’s weather data? And how is it possible to predict the aerodynamic behavior of an aircraft that has yet to be built? The answer is computer simulations based on mathematical models – sets of equations – that describe the underlying physical properties. However, these equations are usually much too complicated to solve, either by the smartest mathematician or the largest supercomputer. This problem is overcome by constructing an approximation: a numerical model with a simpler structure can be translated into a program that tells the computer how to carry out the simulation. This book conveys the fundamentals of mathematical models, numerical methods and algorithms. Opening with a tutorial on mathematical models and analysis, it proceeds to introduce the most important classes of numerical methods, with finite element, finite difference and spectral methods as central tools. The concluding section describes applications in physics and engineering, including wave propagation, heat conduction and fluid dynamics. Also covered are the principles of computers and programming, including MATLAB®.
Mathematical models. --- Numerical analysis. --- Science -- Data processing. --- Mathematics --- Numerical analysis --- Mathematical models --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Mathematics - General --- Computer Science --- Data processing --- Science --- Data processing. --- Electronic data processing --- Models, Mathematical --- Mathematics. --- Computer simulation. --- Bioinformatics. --- Computational biology. --- Computer mathematics. --- Physics. --- Applied mathematics. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Computational Mathematics and Numerical Analysis. --- Computational Science and Engineering. --- Computer Appl. in Life Sciences. --- Appl.Mathematics/Computational Methods of Engineering. --- Numerical and Computational Physics. --- Simulation and Modeling. --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Computer mathematics --- Discrete mathematics --- Biology --- Bioinformatics --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- Computer modeling --- Computer models --- Modeling, Computer --- Models, Computer --- Simulation, Computer --- Electromechanical analogies --- Simulation methods --- Model-integrated computing --- Math --- Computer science --- Computer science. --- Mathematical and Computational Engineering. --- Numerical and Computational Physics, Simulation. --- Informatics --- Bioinformatics . --- Computational biology .
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Many books have been written on ?nite difference methods (FDM), but there are good reasons to write still another one. The main reason is that even if higher order methods have been known for a long time, the analysis of stability, accuracy and effectiveness is missing to a large extent. For example, the de?nition of the formal high order accuracy is based on the assumption that the true solution is smooth, or expressed differently, that the grid is ?ne enough such that all variations in the solution are well resolved. In many applications, this assumption is not ful?lled, and then it is interesting to know if a high order method is still effective. Another problem that needs thorough analysis is the construction of boundary conditions such that both accuracy and stability is upheld. And ?nally, there has been quite a strongdevelopmentduringthe last years, inparticularwhenit comesto verygeneral and stable difference operators for application on initial–boundary value problems. The content of the book is not purely theoretical, neither is it a set of recipes for varioustypesof applications. The idea is to give an overviewof the basic theoryand constructionprinciplesfor differencemethodswithoutgoing into all details. For - ample, certain theorems are presented, but the proofs are in most cases left out. The explanation and application of the theory is illustrated by using simple model - amples.
Differential equations, Partial --- Finite differences. --- Numerical solutions. --- Differences, Finite --- Finite difference method --- Numerical analysis --- Computer science --- Differential equations, partial. --- Computational Mathematics and Numerical Analysis. --- Partial Differential Equations. --- Mathematics. --- Partial differential equations --- Computer mathematics --- Discrete mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- Mathematics --- Computer mathematics. --- Partial differential equations.
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This book explores the most significant computational methods and the history of their development. It begins with the earliest mathematical / numerical achievements made by the Babylonians and the Greeks, followed by the period beginning in the 16th century. For several centuries the main scientific challenge concerned the mechanics of planetary dynamics, and the book describes the basic numerical methods of that time. In turn, at the end of the Second World War scientific computing took a giant step forward with the advent of electronic computers, which greatly accelerated the development of numerical methods. As a result, scientific computing became established as a third scientific method in addition to the two traditional branches: theory and experimentation. The book traces numerical methods’ journey back to their origins and to the people who invented them, while also briefly examining the development of electronic computers over the years. Featuring 163 references and more than 100 figures, many of them portraits or photos of key historical figures, the book provides a unique historical perspective on the general field of scientific computing – making it a valuable resource for all students and professionals interested in the history of numerical analysis and computing, and for a broader readership alike.
Computer science --- Artificial intelligence. --- Information theory. --- Computer science. --- Computer hardware. --- Computational Mathematics and Numerical Analysis. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Theory of Computation. --- Mathematics of Computing. --- Computer Hardware. --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- Mathematics. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Informatics --- Science --- Communication theory --- Communication --- Cybernetics --- Computer mathematics --- Discrete mathematics --- Mathematics --- Data processing. --- Computer mathematics. --- Computers. --- Computer science—Mathematics. --- History. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Math --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Calculators --- Cyberspace
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Since the 1950s, China and India have been locked in a monumental battle for geopolitical supremacy. Chinese interest in the ethnic insurgencies in northeastern India, the still unresolved issue of the McMahon Line, the border established by the British imperial government, and competition for strategic access to the Indian Ocean have given rise to tense gamesmanship, political intrigue, and rivalry between the two Asian giants. Former Far Eastern Economic Review correspondent Bertil Lintner has drawn from his extensive personal interviews with insurgency leaders and civilians in remote tribal areas in northeastern India, newly declassified intelligence reports, and his many years of firsthand experience in Asia to chronicle this ongoing struggle. His history of the "Great Game East" is the first significant account of a regional conflict which has led to open warfare on several occasions, most notably the Sino-India border war of 1962, and will have a major impact on global affairs in the decades ahead.
Geopolitics --- India --- China --- Asia --- Asian and Pacific Council countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- PRC --- P.R.C. --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- Chine --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- BNKhAU --- БНХАУ --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- China (Republic : 1949- ) --- Bharat --- Bhārata --- Government of India --- Ḣindiston Respublikasi --- Inde --- Indië --- Indien --- Indii︠a︡ --- Indland --- Indo --- Republic of India --- Sāthāranarat ʻIndīa --- Yin-tu --- インド --- هند --- Индия --- Foreign relations
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A few years before Confederation, the canton of Geneva adopted a law on transparency, the objective of which is to promote the free formation of opinion and participation in public life. LIPAD celebrated its 20th anniversary on March 1, 2022. On the occasion of this anniversary, this book reviews the history of the legal text and its application by the mediator, then the cantonal official. The other contributions relate to the use of the law by journalists, the relationship with the principle of good faith, the protection of private interests, access to public archives, access to school examinations, the principles of procedure , the Friborg example and the future of transparency.
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Russian-European political relations have always been problematic and one of the main reasons for this is the different perspectives on even the very basic notions and concepts of political life. With a worldwide recession, the problems as well as the opportunities in Russian-European relations are magnified. While most works on Russian-European, Russian-American and Russian-West relations focus on current policies and explain them from a standard set of explanatory variables, this book penetrates deeper into the structural and ideational differences that tend to bring about misperceptions,
Political culture --- Russia (Federation) --- Europe --- Foreign relations --- Politics and government --- #SBIB:327H13 --- #SBIB:327.7H233 --- #SBIB:328H262 --- Culture --- Political science --- Buitenlandse politiek: U.S.S.R. / GOS / Russische Federatie --- Europese Unie: externe relaties, buitenlands- en defensiebeleid (ook WEU) --- Instellingen en beleid: Rusland en het GOS --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Culture politique --- Russie --- Relations extérieures --- Politique et gouvernement --- Political culture - Russia (Federation) --- Political culture - Europe --- Russia (Federation) - Foreign relations - Europe --- Europe - Foreign relations - Russia (Federation) --- Russia (Federation) - Politics and government - 1991 --- -Europe - Politics and government - 1989 --- -Political culture
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George Berkeley (1685-1753) is, Other John Locke and David Hume, one of the three major figures in the British empiricist school of philosophy. He has been the centre of much attention recently and his philosophical profile has gradually changed. In the 20th century he was almost exclusively known for his denial of the existence of matter (as this term was defined in those days), but today it is no longer reasonable to confine an account of Berkeley to the challenging philosophical inventions ...
Idea (Philosophy) --- Realism. --- Thought and thinking. --- Immaterialism (Philosophy) --- Ideas, Theory of --- Ideas (Philosophy) --- Theory of ideas --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Philosophy --- Memetics --- Immateriality (Philosophy) --- Concepts --- Idealism --- Spiritualism (Philosophy) --- Substance (Philosophy) --- Universals (Philosophy) --- Mind --- Thinking --- Thoughts --- Educational psychology --- Psychology --- Intellect --- Logic --- Perception --- Psycholinguistics --- Self --- Empiricism --- Conceptualism --- Dualism --- Materialism --- Nominalism --- Positivism --- Rationalism --- Berkeley, George, --- Berkeley, George --- G. B. --- B., G. --- Berkley, George, --- Author of The minute philosopher, --- Minute philosopher, Author of the, --- Cloyne, --- Berkeley, --- Member of the established church, --- בערקלי, דזשארדזש, --- Author of Siris,
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The Historical Dictionary of Music of the Classical Period covers the music of the Classical Period (1728-1800) with both forerunners and successors briefly described. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 1,000 cross-referenced entries on composers, genres, styles, significant patrons or musicians, musical instruments, and terms demonstrating the global reach of the music of this era. This book is an excellent access point for students, re
Music --- Baroque music --- Classical period music --- Music, Baroque --- Music, Classical period --- Art music --- Art music, Western --- Classical music --- Musical compositions --- Musical works --- Serious music --- Western art music --- Western music (Western countries)
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