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This book provides an accessible account of the origins and conceptual foundations of language policy. Florian Coulmas discusses the influence of twenty intellectuals from medieval to modern times, and from a variety of cultures, who have taken issue with language, its use, development, and political potential. These 'guardians of language' range from renowned figures such as Dante, Noah Webster, and Gandhi, to less well-known individuals such as the Spanish grammarian Antonio de Nebrija and Senegalese politician and poet Leopold Sedar Senghor. Each chapter begins by providing background information on the scholar whose work is being reviewed and ends with a summary of his key thoughts on language in the form of an imaginary interview.

Language policy. --- Philosophie du langage --- Politique linguistique.

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Karl Bühler (1879-1963) was one of the leading theoreticians of language of the twentieth century. Although primarily a psychologist, Bühler devoted much of his attention to the study of language and language theory. His masterwork Sprachtheorie (1934) quickly gained recognition in the fields of linguistics, semiotics, the philosophy of language and the psychology of language. This new edition of the English translation of Bühler's theory begins with a survey on 'Bühler's legacy' for modern linguistics (Werner Abraham), followed by the Theory of Language, and finally with a special 'Postscript: Twenty-five Years Later …' (Achim Eschbach). Bühler's theory is divided into four parts. Part I discusses the four axioms or principles of language research, the most famous of which is the first, the organon model, the base of Bühler's instrumental view of language. Part II treats the role of indexicality in language and discusses deixis as one determinant of speech. Part III examines the symbolic field, dealing with context, onomatopoeia and the function of case. Part IV deals with the elements of language and their organization (syllabification, the definition of the word, metaphor, anaphora, etc).The text is accompanied by an Introduction (Achim Eschbach); Translator's preface (Donald Fraser Goodwin); Glossary of terms; and a Bibliography of cited works.

Language and languages. --- Foreign languages --- Languages --- Anthropology --- Communication --- Ethnology --- Information theory --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philology --- Linguistics --- Language and languages --- Philosophie du langage

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This book shows that in reading verbal texts human reasoning is responsible for the recognition and construction of different forms of organization. On the one hand, it spells out in what ways human thinking succeeds in recognizing the surface form of grammatical organization which is characteristic of discourse expression (termed 'cohesion'). On the other hand, it makes clear which human reasoning processes are involved in the construction of the different levels of organization which are characteristic of text content (termed 'coherence'). Much attention is devoted to the hierarchical relati

Lexicology. Semantics --- Grammar --- Pragmatics --- Betoog [Taalfilosofie]. --- Linguistique textuelle. --- Discours [Philosophie du langage]. --- Teksten. Taalwetenschap. --- Discourse analysis. --- Inference. --- Ampliative induction --- Induction, Ampliative --- Inference (Logic) --- Reasoning --- Discourse grammar --- Text grammar --- Semantics --- Semiotics --- Discours (grammaire) --- Analyse

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The idea that some aspects of language are 'natural', while others are arbitrary, artificial or derived, runs all through modern linguistics, from Chomsky's GB theory and Minimalist program and his concept of E- and I-language, to Greenberg's search for linguistic universals, Pinker's views on regular and irregular morphology and the brain, and the markedness-based constraints of Optimality Theory. This book traces the heritage of this linguistic naturalism back to its locus classicus, Plato's dialogue Cratylus. The first half of the book is a detailed examination of the linguistic arguments in the Cratylus. The second half follows three of the dialogue's naturalistic themes through subsequent linguistic history - natural grammar and conventional words, from Aristotle to Pinker; natural dialect and artificial language, from Varro to Chomsky; and invisible hierarchies, from Jakobson to Optimality Theory - in search of a way forward beyond these seductive yet spurious and limiting dichotomies.

Language and languages --- Naturalness (Linguistics) --- Philosophy. --- Plato. --- Langage et langues --- Naturalité (Linguistique) --- Philosophy --- Philosophie --- Historical linguistics --- Plato --- Natural class (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Langage --- Philosophie du langage --- Platon (0427?-0348? av. j.-c.) --- Platon (0427?-0348? av. j.-c.). cratyle --- Signe (linguistique)

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"Language users ordinarily suppose that they know what thoughts their own utterances express. We can call this supposed knowledge minimal self-knowledge. But what does it come to? And do we actually have it? Anti-individualism implies that the thoughts which a person's utterances express are partly determined by facts about their social and physical environments. If anti-individualism is true, then there are some apparently coherent sceptical hypotheses that conflict with our supposition that we have minimal self-knowledge. In this book, Anthony Brueckner and Gary Ebbs debate how to characterize this problem and develop opposing views of what it shows. Their discussion is the only sustained, in-depth debate about anti-individualism, scepticism and knowledge of one's own thoughts, and will interest both scholars and graduate students in philosophy of language, philosophy of mind and epistemology"--

Connaissance de soi --- Individualisme --- Scepticisme --- Philosophie du langage --- Self-knowledge, Theory of. --- Individualism. --- Skepticism. --- Language and languages --- Philosophy. --- Individualism --- Self-knowledge, Theory of --- Skepticism --- Scepticism --- Unbelief --- Agnosticism --- Belief and doubt --- Free thought --- Introspection (Theory of knowledge) --- Knowledge, Reflexive --- Knowledge of self, Theory of --- Reflection (Theory of knowledge) --- Reflexive knowledge --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Personality (Theory of knowledge) --- Self (Philosophy) --- Economics --- Equality --- Political science --- Self-interest --- Sociology --- Libertarianism --- Personalism --- Persons --- Philosophy --- Connaissance de soi. --- Individualisme. --- Scepticisme. --- Philosophie du langage. --- Arts and Humanities