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The Questiones libri Porphirii is a commentary on Porphyry's Isagoge by the fourteenth-century logician Thomas Manlevelt. It is edited here in full. Not much is known of Thomas Manlevelt, but his work is remarkable enough. Following in the footsteps of William of Ockham, Manlevelt stresses the individual nature of all things existing in the outside world. He radically challenges our conceptional framework. He applies Ockham's razor in a ruthless manner to do away with all entities not deemed necessary for preservation. In the end, Manlevelt even maintains that substance does not exist. In this text early Ockhamism is being pushed to its extremes.

Porphyry, --- Manlevelt, Thomas, --- Maulfelt, Thomas, --- Manlefelt, Thomas, --- Thomas, --- Aristotle. --- Porphyry, - approximately 234-approximately 305 - Isagoge --- Manlevelt, Thomas, - active 14th century

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Dieser Band der Miscellanea Mediaevalia ist einem Jahr gewidmet: 1308. Die Wahl dieses Jahres scheint arbiträr, denn dieses Jahr zählt - abgesehen von wenigen markanten Ereignissen wie dem Templerprozess oder dem Tod des Johannes Duns Scotus - nicht zu den prominenten Jahren. Der Band wagt ein historiografisches Experiment, indem er gegenüber einem Entwicklungsmodell, das die Aufmerksamkeit auf vermeintliche Höhe- und Wendepunkte lenkt, sich jenen Momenten im Schlagschatten dieser "lauten" Ereignisse zuwendet. Die Fragestellung des Bandes, der auf die 36. Kölner Mediävistentagung zurückgeht, will daher neue Perspektiven eröffnen, indem sie einlädt, Sehgewohnheiten in Frage zu stellen, zu schärfen, zu verlängern - anhand eines Jahres und auch über dieses Jahr und seine historische Peripherie hinaus. Die Aufmerksamkeit richtet sich, beginnend bei einer lokalen Detailaufnahme, auf verschiedene thematische und methodische Facetten: Ereigniswahrnehmung, auch mit Blick auf die Erschließung neuer Welten, Johannes Duns Scotus in Kontext, Theologie in Paris, Philosophie in Italien, Medizin und Poetik, die Grenzen Europas, Orthodoxie und Häresie, 1308 im Spiegel der Künste, aus jüdischer und islamischer Sicht.

Civilization, Medieval --- Civilisation médiévale --- Europe --- Intellectual life --- Vie intellectuelle --- Fourteenth century --- Fourteenth century. --- Civilisation médiévale --- 14th century --- Middle Ages --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- History/ in the Middle Ages. --- Johannes Duns Scotus. --- Philosophy/ in the Middle Ages. --- The Year 1308. --- Theology/ in the Middle Ages. --- 1308 --- Civilization, Medieval - 14th century --- Europe - Intellectual life - To 1500 --- Philosophie --- Art --- Théologie

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Philosophy, Medieval --- History. --- History of philosophy --- anno 1400-1499 --- anno 1300-1399 --- -#GROL:SEMI-1'13/14' --- Medieval philosophy --- Scholasticism --- History --- Festschrift - Libri Amicorum --- Philosophy --- 14th century --- Addresses, essays, lectures --- 15th century --- #GROL:SEMI-1'13/14' --- Philosophy, Medieval - History.

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This book contains an edition-with an extensive introduction, translation and commentary-of The Light of the World, a text on theoretical astronomy by Joseph Ibn Nahmias, composed in Judeo-Arabic around 1400 C.E. in the Iberian Peninsula. As the only text on theoretical astronomy written by a Jew in any variety of Arabic, this work is evidence for a continuing relationship between Jewish and Islamic thought in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries. The text's most lasting effect may have been exerted via its passage to Renaissance Italy, where it influenced scholars at the University of Padua in the early sixteenth century. With its crucial role in the development of European astronomy, as well as the physical sciences under Islam and in Jewish culture, The Light of the World is an important episode in Islamic intellectual history, Jewish civilization, and the history of astronomy.

Muslims --- Jews --- Jewish astronomy. --- Astronomy, Medieval. --- Astronomy --- Medieval astronomy --- Astronomy, Jewish --- Hebrew astronomy --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Judaism --- Mohammedans --- Moors (People) --- Moslems --- Muhammadans --- Musalmans --- Mussalmans --- Mussulmans --- Mussulmen --- Islam --- Intellectual life --- Astronomy, Medieval --- Jewish astronomy --- 1300-1399 --- Spain. --- Espagne --- Espainiako Erresuma --- España --- Espanha --- Espanja --- Espanya --- Estado Español --- Hispania --- Hiszpania --- Isupania --- Kingdom of Spain --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Reino de España --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanie --- Shpanye --- Spanien --- Spanish State --- Supein --- Astronomy - Early works to 1800 --- Jews - Spain - Intellectual life - 14th century --- Muslims - Spain - Intellectual life - 14th century --- ancient astronomy. --- astronomers. --- astronomy. --- early astronomy. --- european astronomy. --- history of astronomy. --- history of european astronomy. --- islamic culture. --- islamic history. --- islamic intellectual history. --- islamic thought in the 14th century. --- jewish civilization. --- jewish culture. --- jewish history. --- jewish studies. --- jewish thought in the 14th century. --- judeo arabic astronomy. --- physical sciences. --- planetary exploration. --- scientists. --- theoretical astronomy.

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La décennie 1250, qui voit la consolidation du processus de reconquête chrétienne avec l'intégration de l'Andalousie bétique au royaume de Castille, passe souvent pour le début d'un déclin des ordres militaires, dont la vocation de lutter contre les infidèles aurait dès lors perdu sa raison d'être. Le présent ouvrage remet en question cette idée reçue. Une analyse détaillée des sources, dont certaines restaient inédites, montre qu'après le milieu du XIIIe siècle les ordres militaires, alors moins étudiés qu'à leurs débuts, n'entrent nullement en décadence. Leur image auprès des contemporains demeure positive et, si leur profil religieux s'atténue au XIVe siècle, une ouverture croissante aux valeurs chevaleresques les rapproche de la noblesse. Inquiète d'une telle communauté d'intérêts susceptible d'entraver ses prétentions absolutistes, la monarchie castillane réagit en s'efforçant d'utiliser les milices pour affermir son propre pouvoir et les soumet à un patronage de fait qui, tout en pérennisant leur position sociale, les réduit bien avant l'époque des Rois Catholiques à une logique nationale étrangère au principe universel qui était le leur.

Church and state --- Military religious orders --- Eglise et Etat --- Ordres militaires religieux --- History --- History. --- Histoire --- Spain --- Espagne --- Église et État --- Castille (Espagne) --- Mediaeval Spanish history --- 13th-14th century --- Military orders --- Chivalry --- Ordres militaires (religion) --- Religion --- Eglise --- Etat --- ordre militaire religieux --- Castille --- XIIIème siècle --- XIVème siècle