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"Examining both the theology of John Wesley, George Whitefield, and William Wilberforce and novels by Charles Dickens, George Eliot, Sir Walter Scott, and Bram Stoker as well as a host of 'Evangelical novels' of the period, Herbert analyzes the Evangelical and anti-Evangelical forces at play in Victorian literature and culture, challenging accepted notions of the impact of the Evangelical movement on gothic Victorian literature. "--

Religion and literature --- Religion in literature. --- Religious literature, English --- Evangelicalism in literature. --- English fiction --- Religion in drama --- Religion in poetry --- Literature --- Literature and religion --- History --- History and criticism. --- Moral and religious aspects

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One of the articles of faith of twentieth-century intellectual history is that the theory of relativity in physics sprang in its essentials from the unaided genius of Albert Einstein; another is that scientific relativity is unconnected to ethical, cultural, or epistemological relativisms. Victorian Relativity challenges these assumptions, unearthing a forgotten tradition of avant-garde speculation that took as its guiding principle "the negation of the absolute" and set itself under the militant banner of "relativity." Christopher Herbert shows that the idea of relativity produced revolutionary changes in one field after another in the nineteenth century. Surveying a long line of thinkers including Herbert Spencer, Charles Darwin, Alexander Bain, W. K. Clifford, W. S. Jevons, Karl Pearson, James Frazer, and Einstein himself, Victorian Relativity argues that the early relativity movement was bound closely to motives of political and cultural reform and, in particular, to radical critiques of the ideology of authoritarianism. Recuperating relativity from those who treat it as synonymous with nihilism, Herbert portrays it as the basis of some of our crucial intellectual and ethical traditions.

Relativity --- Knowledge, Theory of --- History --- relativity, relativism, victorian, science, religion, faith, truth, authority, objectivity, negation, absolutes, reform, authoritarianism, einstein, james frazer, karl pearson, ws jevons, wk clifford, alexander bain, charles darwin, herbert spencer, knowledge, ideology, logic, proliferation, difference, unity, social change, nonfiction, philosophy, politics, history.

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Conspiracy Theories in the United States and the Middle East is the first book to approach conspiracy theorizing from a decidedly comparative and interdisciplinary perspective. Whereas previous studies have engaged with conspiracy theories within national frameworks only, this collection of essays draws attention to the fact that conspiracist visions are transnational narratives that travel between and connect different cultures. It focuses on the United States and the Middle East because these two regions of the world are entangled in manifold ways and conspiracy theories are currently extremely prominent in both. The contributors to the volume are scholars of Middle Eastern Studies, Anthropology, History, Political Science, Cultural Studies, and American Studies, who approach the subject from a variety of different theories and methodologies. However, all of them share the fundamental assumption that conspiracy theories must not be dismissed out of hand or ridiculed. Usually wrong and frequently dangerous, they are nevertheless articulations of and distorted responses to needs and anxieties that must be taken seriously. Focusing on individual case studies and displaying a high sensitivity for local conditions and the cultural environment, the essays offer a nuanced image of the workings of conspiracy theories in the United States and the Middle East.

Conspiracy theories --- Political culture --- Conspiracies --- History --- Political crimes and offenses --- History. --- Errors, inventions, etc. --- Conspiracy --- United States --- Middle East --- Civilization --- Politics and government --- Relations --- Conspiracy theories - United States --- Conspiracy theories - Middle East --- Conspiracy - United States --- Conspiracy - Middle East --- Political culture - United States - History - 20th century. --- United States - Civilization --- Middle East - Civilization --- United States - Politics and government --- Middle East - Politics and government --- United States - Relations - Middle East --- Middle East - Relations - United States --- Comparative analysis. --- Conspiracy theories. --- Middle East. --- Transnational narratives. --- United States of America.