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Explore a controversial theory that challenges the common understanding of natural population control in herbivores.

Population biology. --- Animal-plant relationships. --- Nitrogen in animal nutrition. --- Animal nutrition --- Animal-plant interactions --- Animals and plants --- Interactions, Animal-plant --- Plant-animal interactions --- Plant-animal relationships --- Plants and animals --- Relationships, Animal-plant --- Ecology --- Biology

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Flowers have played an important role in human culture for thousands of years, symbolizing love, sorrow, and renewal. They provide bursts of color to homes and gardens and convey messages to friends, family, and significant others. Yet we often overlook their real purpose--why do flowers exist and why are they certain colors, shapes, and smells? In nature, flowers are key to healthy ecosystems and play a functional role, increasing a plant's chances for survival. Flowers have evolved to attract specific pollinators and to take advantage of climate variables and animal migration to disperse seeds, ensuring that the species will survive. These fine-tuned methods have evolved over a long period of time, and the importance of pollination and seed dispersal to a healthy environment cannot be overstated. As climate change places pressure on animals and plants, it is also challenging these methods flowers have developed for survival. The Fogdens describe flowers' functions and structures, pollination and seed dispersal methods, and close the book with descriptions of their favorite tropical flowers. The information is illustrated with intimate photographs of flowers and pollinators.

Animal-plant relationships. --- Human-plant relationships. --- Flowers. --- Blooms (Flowers) --- Blossoms --- Flowering plants --- Inflorescences --- Plants --- Floral products --- Man and plants --- Man-plant relationships --- Plant-human relationships --- Plant-man relationships --- Plants and man --- Relationships, Human-plant --- Human beings --- Botany, Economic --- Ethnobotany --- Synanthropic plants --- Animal-plant interactions --- Animals and plants --- Interactions, Animal-plant --- Plant-animal interactions --- Plant-animal relationships --- Plants and animals --- Relationships, Animal-plant --- Ecology

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The dazzling variation in plant chemistry is a primary mediator of trophic interactions, including herbivory, predation, parasitism, and disease. At the same time, such interactions feed back to influence spatial and temporal variation in the chemistry of plants. In this book, Mark Hunter provides a novel approach to linking the trophic interactions of organisms with the cycling of nutrients in ecosystems.Hunter introduces the concept of the "phytochemical landscape"-the shifting spatial and temporal mosaic of plant chemistry that serves as the nexus between trophic interactions and nutrient dynamics. He shows how plant chemistry is both a cause and consequence of trophic interactions, and how it also mediates ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling. Nutrients and organic molecules in plant tissues affect decomposition rates and the fluxes of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The availability of these same nutrients influences the chemistry of cells and tissues that plants produce. In combination, these feedback routes generate pathways by which trophic interactions influence nutrient dynamics and vice versa, mediated through plant chemistry. Hunter provides evidence from terrestrial and aquatic systems for each of these pathways, and describes how a focus on the phytochemical landscape enables us to better understand and manage the ecosystems in which we live.Essential reading for students and researchers alike, this book offers an integrated approach to population-, community-, and ecosystem-level ecological processes.

Variation (Biology) --- Environmental chemistry. --- Botanical chemistry. --- Phytochemicals. --- Animal-plant relationships. --- Autotrophic bacteria. --- Heterotrophic bacteria. --- Bacteria, Heterotrophic --- Bacteria --- Bacteria, Autotrophic --- Animal-plant interactions --- Animals and plants --- Interactions, Animal-plant --- Plant-animal interactions --- Plant-animal relationships --- Plants and animals --- Relationships, Animal-plant --- Ecology --- Botanical chemicals --- Plant chemicals --- Chemicals --- Botanical chemistry --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Botany --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Chemistry, Environmental --- Chemistry --- Biological variation --- Biology --- Heredity --- Genetics --- Mutation (Biology)

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Most large herbivores require some type of management within their habitats. Some populations of large herbivores are at the brink of extinction, some are under discussion for reintroduction, whilst others already occur in dense populations causing conflicts with other land use. Large herbivores are the major drivers for forming the shape and function of terrestrial ecosystems. This 2006 book addresses the scientifically based action plans to manage both the large herbivore populations and their habitats worldwide. It covers the processes by which large herbivores not only affect their environment (e.g. grazing) but are affected by it (e.g. nutrient cycling) and the management strategies required. Also discussed are new modeling techniques, which help assess integration processes in a landscape context, as well as assessing the consequences of new developments in the processes of conservation. This book will be essential reading for all involved in the management of both large herbivores and natural resources.

Ungulates --- Herbivores --- Plants --- Animal-plant relationships. --- Ongulés --- Plantes, Effets du pâturage sur les --- Plantes, Effets du broutement sur les --- Relations animal-plante --- Ecology. --- Effect of grazing on. --- Effect of browsing on. --- Conservation. --- Ecologie --- Conservation --- Herbivora --- Herbivorous animals --- Phytophagous animals --- Plant-eating animals --- Plant-feeding animals --- Animals --- Habitat --- Habitat. --- Hoofed animals --- Hoofed mammals --- Hooved animals --- Hooved mammals --- Ungulata --- Mammals --- Animal-plant interactions --- Animals and plants --- Interactions, Animal-plant --- Plant-animal interactions --- Plant-animal relationships --- Plants and animals --- Relationships, Animal-plant --- Ecology --- Flora --- Plant kingdom --- Plantae --- Vascular plants --- Vegetable kingdom --- Vegetation --- Wildlife --- Organisms --- Botany --- Plants, Effect of grazing on --- Grazing

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This new book takes us through a journey from early life to modern agriculture. The thirty eight authors present current studies on the interrelation of plants-animals. This topic has always fascinated man, as evidenced even by the first chapters of Genesis. The world of aqueous and terrestrial fauna appeared on early earth only after the flora covered the areas with the green pigmentation. Almost all life depends upon sunlight via the photosynthesis of the botanical world. We read abut the harnessing of bee pollination of crops to make it an essential component of modern agriculture endeavor. Some plants seduce insects for pollination by their appearance (e.g., disguised orchids entice visitors); there is the production of sweet nectar as a bribe in flowers to attract bees, butterflies, and honey-sucking birds. A particular outstanding phenomena are the carnivorous plants that have developed trapping and digesting systems of insects and higher animals.

Animal-plant relationships. --- Evolution (Biology). --- Animal-plant relationships --- Evolution (Biology) --- Symbiosis --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Agriculture --- Ecology --- Agriculture - General --- Herbivores --- Symbiosis. --- Ecology. --- Consortism --- Herbivora --- Herbivorous animals --- Phytophagous animals --- Plant-eating animals --- Plant-feeding animals --- Animal-plant interactions --- Animals and plants --- Interactions, Animal-plant --- Plant-animal interactions --- Plant-animal relationships --- Plants and animals --- Relationships, Animal-plant --- Life sciences. --- Agriculture. --- Ecosystems. --- Plant ecology. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Ecology. --- Biology --- Symbiogenesis --- Animals --- Endangered ecosystems. --- Botany --- Plants --- Threatened ecosystems --- Biotic communities --- Nature conservation --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Ecology . --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Floristic ecology