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The high importance of free radical chemistry for a variety of biological events, including ageing and inflammation, has attracted considerable interest in understanding the related mechanistic steps at the molecular level. Modelling the free radical chemical reactivity of biological systems is an important research area. When studying free-radical-based chemical mechanisms, biomimetic chemistry and the design of established biomimetic models come into play to perform experiments in a controlled environment, suitably designed to be a similar as possible to cellular conditions. This Special Issue provides readers with a wide overview of biomimetic radical chemistry, where molecular mechanisms have been defined and molecular libraries of products are developed to be used as traces for the discoveries of some relevant biological processes. Several subjects are presented, with five articles and five reviews written by specialists in the fields of DNA, proteins, lipids, biotechnological applications and bioinspired synthesis, with “free radicals” as the common denominator.

guanine --- guanyl radical --- tautomerism --- guanine radical cation --- oligonucleotides --- DNA --- G-quadruplex --- time-resolved spectroscopies --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- oxidation --- catalase mimics --- peroxide --- diiron-peroxo complexes --- structure/activity --- kinetic studies --- biomimetic chemistry --- cysteine --- ketone reduction --- free radicals --- pulse radiolysis --- kinetics --- DNA oxidation --- DNA hole transfer --- molecular dynamics --- quantum dynamics --- electron transfer --- charge transfer --- quantum coherence --- chemiluminescence --- reaction mechanisms --- singlet oxygen --- reactive oxygen species --- light emission --- crosslink --- dimerization --- protein oxidation --- radicals --- di-tyrosine --- di-tryptophan --- disulfides --- thiols --- aggregation --- proteomics --- mass spectrometry --- collagen --- riboflavin --- hyaluronic acid --- EPR spectroscopy --- keratoconus --- STEM --- DNA biosensor --- chemical nucleases --- DNA-drug interaction --- copper complexes --- metallodrugs --- MEP pathway --- antibiotics --- IspH --- LytB --- [4Fe-4S] cluster --- reductive dehydroxylation --- bioorganometallic intermediate --- inhibitors --- methionine --- neighboring group effect --- hydroxyl radical --- triplet state of carboxybenzophenone --- one-electron oxidants --- laser flash photolysis --- peptides --- proteins --- n/a