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Scots language --- Etymology

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Standards and Variation in Urban Speech is an examination and exploration of the aims and methods of sociolinguistic investigation, based on studies of Scottish urban speech. It criticially examines the implications of the notions 'vernacular', 'standard language', 'Received Pronunciation', 'social class', and 'linguistic insecurity'. Through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods using examples from comedians' jokes, dialect poetry, formal and informal interviews, and personal narratives, the work illustrates the actual norms that speakers exemplify in various ways.

Scots language --- Urban dialects --- Variation --- Spoken Scots --- Standardization --- English language --- Dialectology --- Scotland --- English language, Scots --- Lallans language --- Lowland Scots language --- Scots English language --- Scottish language (Germanic) --- Germanic languages --- Dialects, Urban --- Urbanisms (Linguistics) --- Cities and towns --- Language and languages --- Languages in contact --- Sociolinguistics --- Spoken Scots. --- Variation. --- Standardization. --- Dialects --- Scots language - Variation --- Urban dialects - Scotland --- Scots language - Spoken Scots --- Scots language - Standardization

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English language --- Scotland --- Languages --- Scots language --- English language, Scots --- Lallans language --- Lowland Scots language --- Scots English language --- Scottish language (Germanic) --- Germanic languages --- Dialects --- Languages. --- English language. --- Scots language. --- Scotland - Languages

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The Glasgow 'toonheid vernacular' is certainly the most vital and widespread - if least prestigious - form of present-day Scots. No comprehensive description has existed so far, Macauley's sociolinguistic research having barely scratched the surface. Caroline Macafee's long introduction to the emergence and present distribution of the variety is not only a memorable feat in itself, it is also closely related to the 73 texts, which include a substantial portion of natural speech and an impressive array of naturalistic and stereotyped language as used in poetry, drama and literary prose.

Scots language --- English language, Scots --- Lallans language --- Lowland Scots language --- Scots English language --- Scottish language (Germanic) --- English language --- Germanic languages --- Dialects

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This book presents an account of phonological data related to the study of sonorants in Scottish Standard English (SSE), as compared with Received Pronunciation (RP). These data are analysed and interpreted within the theoretical framework of 'Lexical Phonology' and according to recent non-linear, three-dimensional theories of phonological representation. The basic tenets of 'Lexical Phonology' as well as those of 'Three-Dimensional Phonology' (with particular reference to its application to syllable structure) are explained in chapter 1. In the same chapter, the distinction between Standard English spoken with a Scottish accent (SSE) and Scots, the traditional dialect spoken in southern, eastern and north-eastern Scotland is discussed. The presentation of the theoretical paradigms in question as tested against the linguistic material of SSE is organized around the issues of vowel length and the phonological processes pertaining to the sound [r]. More specifically, the analyses focuses on two lengthening processes operating in SSE, namely the 'Scottish Vowel Lengthening Rule' also referred to as 'Aitken's Law' (chapter 2), and the 'Allophonic Lengthening Rule', a phenomenon universal to accents of English (chapter 3). It is claimed that the former is an accent-specific lexicalization of the latter. Proposals concerning the phonological interpretation of [r]-related phenomena in both non-rhotic and rhotic accents are examined in chapters 4 and 5. In particular, various ways of accounting for the distribution of [r] in the pronunciation of non-rhotic accents (as exemplified by RP) are looked at and on the basis of evidence from rhotic accents (esp. SSE) an interpretation based on a gradient rule of [r]-weakening is proposed. Finally, Kaminska evaluates the success of the lexical framework in accounting for the data from SSE and RP investigated in the present study.

Scots language --- English language, Scots --- Lallans language --- Lowland Scots language --- Scots English language --- Scottish language (Germanic) --- English language --- Germanic languages --- Phonology. --- Variation. --- Vowels. --- Dialects --- Scotland --- Phonology