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This Special Issue opens a new field of research in certain emerging innovative instruments, because it provides an in-depth revision of the main aspects of institutions and instruments available for the management and governance of droughts and water scarcity. The key aspects that institutions may tackle not only include the increasing water scarcity in many regions around the world but also the increasing frequency and impact of droughts on economic and natural systems. Some of the included papers analyze critical issues, such as the state and future trends of water markets; the estimation of transaction costs when dealing with drought management; and the use of new instruments, such as insurance and water-rights entitlements, which include water security, water-pricing effects on the whole basin level, and intra- and inter-sectorial re-allocation. The important issues regarding non-conventional water supply and the governance of the new resources also feature as the focus of some of the contributions.

Baiyangdian Lake --- Landsat --- complex water extraction --- SMDPSO --- dynamic changes --- drought risk --- water supply risk --- irrigation insurance --- water use --- Spain --- drought --- water markets --- Western US --- hydro-economic modelling --- water policy --- climate change --- river basin management --- water scarcity --- water supply --- risk reduction --- risk curves --- cost-benefit analysis --- water management --- water rights --- water supply reliability --- irrigation agriculture --- allocation rules --- priority rights --- Po River Basin --- institutional economics --- climate change adaptation --- cost of adaptation --- water pricing --- water-use efficiency --- economic model --- inter-sectoral --- river basin --- good water practices --- tourist accommodation --- tourist --- Mediterranean --- water reuse --- reclaimed water --- SWOT analysis --- cluster analysis --- n/a

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This open access textbook provides a concise introduction to economic approaches and mathematical methods for the study of water allocation and distribution problems. Written in an accessible and straightforward style, it discusses and analyzes central issues in integrated water resource management, water tariffs, water markets, and transboundary water management. By illustrating the interplay between the hydrological cycle and the rules and institutions that govern today’s water allocation policies, the authors develop a modern perspective on water management. Moreover, the book presents an in-depth assessment of the political and ethical dimensions of water management and its institutional embeddedness, by discussing distribution issues and issues of the enforceability of human rights in managing water resources. Given its scope, the book will appeal to advanced undergraduate and graduate students of economics and engineering, as well as practitioners in the water sector, seeking a deeper understanding of economic approaches to the study of water management.

Natural resources. --- Environmental management. --- Water pollution. --- Natural Resource and Energy Economics. --- Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management. --- Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution. --- Aquatic pollution --- Fresh water --- Fresh water pollution --- Freshwater pollution --- Inland water pollution --- Lake pollution --- Lakes --- Reservoirs --- River pollution --- Rivers --- Stream pollution --- Water contamination --- Water pollutants --- Water pollution --- Pollution --- Waste disposal in rivers, lakes, etc. --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- National resources --- Natural resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Economic aspects --- Water-supply --- Eau --- Gestion de l'environnement. --- Economic aspects. --- Management. --- Distribution --- Aspect économique. --- Gestion. --- Natural Resource and Energy Economics --- Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management --- Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution --- Environmental Economics --- Water --- Water economics --- Sustainable water management --- Water engineering --- Hydro-economic models --- Affordable water tariffs --- Eco-hydrology --- Human rights to water --- Water recycling --- Open Access book --- Climate change --- Environmental economics --- Environmental management, --- Water supply & treatment --- Energy industries & utilities --- Power resources. --- Water. --- Hydrology. --- Pollution. --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Environmental pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental quality --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Aquatic sciences --- Earth sciences --- Hydrography --- Hydrology --- Energy --- Energy resources --- Power supply --- Energy harvesting --- Energy industries --- Environmental aspects