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En France, le CTHS est depuis 1834 expert dans la détermination de ce qui est ou non « savant », c’est-à-dire, dans l’esprit de François Guizot, ici présenté par Simone Mazauric, ce qui doit être fondé en raison et conduit par des méthodes indiscutables. Pourtant, on n’a pas attendu 1834 pour mettre sur le devant de la scène des « savants » reconnus comme tels de leur temps et se regroupant pour mieux appréhender des questions complexes. Si l’érudit peut être solitaire, le « savant » ne l’est jamais, car porté par un groupe d’amis, de collègues, de correspondants…, il répond à une requête sociale et travaille en réseau. Guizot a voulu s’appuyer sur les sociétés locales plutôt que sur les universités comme en Allemagne ; ce choix est révélateur d’une volonté de porter l’esprit scientifique partout dans les élites provinciales en s’appuyant sur des associations volontaires en plein essor au moment où il est au pouvoir. Pour Guizot en effet, il n’y a pas de savants sans réseaux scientifiques, sans groupes permanents ou non qui portent des questions et travaillent en émulation. Même si l’on sait que les Grecs les premiers ont su grouper les compétences, il n’est pas évident de décrypter qui appartient au cercle, au groupe d’amis, qui participe à la conversation et à l’élaboration en commun des solutions. Les historiens peuvent suivre ces réseaux dès lors qu’ils ont une documentation qui leur permet d’en cerner l’existence et d’en distinguer les participants : correspondances, échanges de manuscrits puis éditions, voire procès… Bien entendu, tout devient plus simple avec la multiplication de la documentation, c’est pourquoi la base de données collaborative du CTHS commence au XVIe siècle. Mais qu’est-ce qu’une science, qu’est-ce qu’un « savant », quels sont ses objets ? C’est cette interrogation qu’explorent tous les auteurs de ce volume.

History --- Communication --- science --- classe préparatoire --- érudit --- groupement de compétences --- base de données --- collaboration --- réseau scientifique --- histoire

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Based on a decade of fieldwork in southeastern Ghana and analysis of secondary sources, this book aims to reconstruct the religious history of the Anlo-Ewe peoples from the 1850s. In particular, it focuses on a corpus of rituals collectively known as 'Fofie', which derived their legitimacy from engaging with the memory of the slave-holding past. The Anlo developed a sense of discomfort about their agency in slavery in the early twentieth century which they articulated through practices such as ancestor veneration, spirit possession, and by forging links with descendants of peoples they formerly enslaved. Conversion to Christianity, engagement with 'modernity', trans-Atlantic conversations with diasporan Africans, and citizenship of the postcolonial state coupled with structural changes within the religious system - which resulted in the decline in Fofie's popularity - gradually altered the moral emphases of legacies of slavery in the Anlo historical imagination as the twentieth century progressed.

Anlo (African people) --- Cults --- Collective memory --- Slavery --- Abolition of slavery --- Antislavery --- Enslavement --- Mui tsai --- Ownership of slaves --- Servitude --- Slave keeping --- Slave system --- Slaveholding --- Thralldom --- Crimes against humanity --- Serfdom --- Slaveholders --- Slaves --- Collective remembrance --- Common memory --- Cultural memory --- Emblematic memory --- Historical memory --- National memory --- Public memory --- Social memory --- Memory --- Social psychology --- Group identity --- National characteristics --- Alternative religious movements --- Cult --- Cultus --- Marginal religious movements --- New religions --- New religious movements --- NRMs (Religion) --- Religious movements, Alternative --- Religious movements, Marginal --- Religious movements, New --- Religions --- Sects --- Ahonlan (African people) --- Anglo (African people) --- Ethnology --- Ewe (African people) --- Religion. --- Religious aspects. --- history. --- ethnic group. --- collective memory. --- religion. --- slavery. --- Ghana. --- Γκάνα --- il-Gana --- Ghána --- Gána --- Гана --- Gana --- Ghana --- Δημοκρατία της Γκάνας --- Ganas Republika --- ir-Repubblika tal-Gana --- Ghanská republika --- die Republik Ghana --- Republic of Ghana --- Republiken Ghana --- Ghánai Köztársaság --- Republika Gana --- República de Ghana --- Republikken Ghana --- République du Ghana --- Република Гана --- Republica Ghana --- Ganos Respublika --- Ghanan tasavalta --- República do Gana --- Zlatonosné pobřeží --- Republika Ghany --- Ghana Vabariik --- Republiek Ghana --- Repubblica del Ghana --- Republika e Ganës --- fe --- reiligiún --- uskonto --- náboženstvo --- vallás --- religión --- religioon --- Religion --- godsdienst --- religie --- vjera --- religija --- religione --- reliģija --- religião --- náboženství --- religia --- религија --- reliġjon --- θρησκεία --- religion --- религия --- usutunnistus --- víra --- deismus --- светец --- теизам --- irreligiosità --- religiosità --- zbožnost --- věřící --- религиозност --- religiozita --- teismus --- деизам --- побожност --- světec --- kreacionismus --- panteismus --- Religionsgemeinschaft --- fideismus --- svatý --- vallási közösség --- Glaubensgemeinschaft --- pobožnost --- верници --- вера --- пантеизам --- kollektiivinen muisti --- memorie colectivă --- kollektiv hukommelse --- kolektívna pamäť --- pamięć zbiorowa --- collectief geheugen --- memorja kollettiva --- memória coletiva --- mémoire collective --- kollektív emlékezet --- kolektivni spomin --- kollektiivne mälu --- συλλογική μνήμη --- kollektivt minne --- kolektivno pamćenje --- колективна памет --- kolektīvā atmiņa --- memoria colectiva --- memoria collettiva --- kolektyvinė atmintis --- comhchuimhne --- kolektivní paměť --- kollektives Gedächtnis --- kultūratmiņa --- memoria storica --- ricordo collettivo --- historiskt minne --- sociaal geheugen --- memoria cultural --- memória histórica --- sosiaalinen muisti --- društveno pamćenje --- pamięć społeczna --- nemzeti emlékezet --- skupni spomin --- national hukommelse --- memoria pubblica --- social hukommelse --- memorja nazzjonali --- javni spomin --- memoria nazionale --- kopīgā atmiņa --- verejná pamäť --- historiallinen muisti --- memoria comune --- offentligt minne --- memoria común --- memorja soċjali --- veřejná paměť --- kansallinen muisti --- historical memory --- sociálna pamäť --- common memory --- pamięć historyczna --- mémoire sociale --- memorie națională --- δημόσια μνήμη --- mémoire publique --- public memory --- offentlig hukommelse --- kulturelles Gedächtnis --- pamięć kulturowa --- kolektywne pamiętanie --- istorinė atmintis --- historisk hukommelse --- memoria social --- pamięć narodowa --- julkinen muisti --- memória social --- gemeenschappelijk geheugen --- yhteinen muisti --- ajalooline mälu --- kulttuurinen muisti --- културна памет --- mémoire historique --- εθνική μνήμη --- kulturni spomin --- κοινή μνήμη --- kulturális emlékezet --- társadalmi emlékezet --- memoria histórica --- nacionalno pamćenje --- memória pública --- historická paměť --- memória nacional --- historisch geheugen --- memorja komuni --- socialt minne --- nationaal geheugen --- memória cultural --- ιστορική μνήμη --- kultuurimälu --- gemeinsames Gedächtnis --- gemensamt minne --- fælles hukommelse --- společná paměť --- publiek geheugen --- memorie publică --- lieu de mémoire --- memória comum --- společenská paměť --- memorie istorică --- национална памет --- memorie socială --- cultural memory --- nationales Gedächtnis --- historická pamäť --- memorja pubblika --- kultúrna pamäť --- memorja storika --- souvenir collectif --- rahvuslik mälu --- nacionalni spomin --- nationellt minne --- zajedničko pamćenje --- javno pamćenje --- socialni spomin --- cultureel geheugen --- cuimhne chultúrtha --- historisches Gedächtnis --- обща памет --- memorie comună --- közös emlékezet --- national memory --- sotsiaalne mälu --- πολιτιστική μνήμη --- memoria nacional --- kulturno pamćenje --- kulturellt minne --- zgodovinski spomin --- обществена памет --- öffentliches Gedächtnis --- κοινωνική μνήμη --- sabiedriskā atmiņa --- историческа памет --- kulturel hukommelse --- публична памет --- vēsturiskā atmiņa --- pamäť národa --- soziales Gedächtnis --- sociālā atmiņa --- mémoire populaire --- történelmi emlékezet --- wspólna pamięć --- social memory --- nacionālā atmiņa --- povijesno pamćenje --- lembrança coletiva --- memoria sociale --- spoločná pamäť --- kulturní paměť --- tautos atmintis --- pamięć publiczna --- memorja kulturali --- ühine mälu --- mémoire culturelle --- memoria culturale --- národní paměť --- memorie culturală --- grup etnic --- етническа група --- ethnische Gruppe --- grúpa eitneach --- etnikai csoport --- gruppo etnico --- grup etnik --- grupa etniczna --- etnisk grupp --- етничка група --- etnisk gruppe --- grupo étnico --- grupp etniku --- etnična skupina --- εθνότητα --- etnische groep --- etnička skupina --- etniline rühm --- etninė grupė --- etnická skupina --- etniskā grupa --- groupe ethnique --- etninen ryhmä --- etnisk mindretal --- národní příslušnost --- etniline vähemus --- ethnische Minderheit --- etnische groepering --- agrupamento étnico --- minorité ethnique --- minoría étnica --- μειονότητα --- etniskā minoritāte --- etninė mažuma --- raggruppamento etnico --- etnia --- tautinė grupė --- národ --- pakicë etnike --- rahvusrühm --- népcsoport --- Volksgruppe --- народ --- etninen vähemmistö --- etnische minderheid --- etnická menšina --- etnisk minoritet --- minoranza etnica --- minoritate etnică --- εθνική ομάδα --- groupement ethnique --- ethnic minority --- etnické seskupení --- etnikai kisebbség --- etnikum --- nemzetiség --- етникум --- etnička zajednica --- етничка заедница --- etnisk gruppering --- narod --- História --- ιστορία --- storja --- histori --- historie --- historia --- história --- история --- stair --- geschiedenis --- történettudomány --- povijest --- zgodovina --- histoire --- историја --- Geschichtswissenschaft --- storia --- istorija --- ajalugu --- vēsture --- istorie --- Geschichte --- historiografie --- storiografia --- dějiny národů --- historiador --- dějepis --- historická věda --- történelem --- verdzība --- suženjstvo --- ропство --- escravatura --- orjus --- skllavëri --- otroctvo --- skjavitù --- niewolnictwo --- slaveri --- δουλεία --- otroctví --- rabszolgaság --- schiavitù --- esclavage --- sclábhaíocht --- Sklaverei --- slavernij --- робство --- esclavitud --- orjuus --- vergija --- sclavie --- ropstvo --- muncă forțată --- schiavismo --- roboty przymusowe --- priverstinis darbas --- prisilno delo --- praca przymusowa --- piespiedu darbs --- tvangsarbejde --- travail forcé --- punë e detyruar --- trabalho forçado --- trabajo forzoso --- Zwangsarbeit --- lotta contro lo schiavismo --- stato di schiavitù --- sunnitöö --- pakkotyö --- присилна работа --- werkkamp --- forced labour --- καταναγκαστική εργασία --- prisilni rad --- kényszermunka --- tvångsarbete --- принудна работа --- lavoro forzato --- reato di riduzione in schiavitù