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The study and application of microscale lenses and lens arrays enjoys a long history. Advances in microfabrication technologies in the past few decades have enabled the design and fabrication of microlenses and microlens arrays through many different approaches. In recent years, there has been notably a host of exciting developments in the microlenses and microlens arrays, including tunable-focus ones, those fabricated on non-planar substrates and surfaces, and microlens arrays mimicking natural compound eyes, to name just a few. The developments in microlenses and microlens arrays have found profound applications in many engineering and biomedical fields, including but not limited to optical coherence tomography (OCT), endoscopy, photolithography, 3-dimensional imaging, optical communications, and lab on chips. This Special Issue aims to highlight the state of the art in the development of microlenses and microlens arrays; examples being fabrication technologies and optical characterizations. It also focuses on their applications when implemented in microoptical systems.

microcamera --- polymer --- variable-focus microlens --- electrowetting --- flexible substrate --- optical characterization --- micro imaging system --- artificial compound eye --- optical aberration --- microoptics --- liquid microlens --- photolithography --- optofluidics --- optical MEMS --- dielectrophoresis --- tunable-focus microlens --- microscopy --- fill factor --- focal length --- microlens --- liquid crystal --- microlens array --- Microfluidics. --- Fluidics --- Nanofluids

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Bionanoparticles such as microorganisms and exosomes are recognized as important targets for clinical applications, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Other nanoscale biological particles, including liposomes, micelles, and functionalized polymeric particles are widely used in nanomedicines. The recent development of microfluidic and nanofluidic technologies has enabled the separation and analysis of these species in a lab-on-a-chip platform, while there are still many challenges to address before these analytical tools can be adopted in practice. For example, the complex matrices within which these species reside in create a high background for their detection. Their small dimension and often low concentration demand creative strategies to amplify the sensing signal and enhance the detection speed. This Special Issue aims to recruit recent discoveries and developments of micro- and nanofluidic strategies for the processing and analysis of biological nanoparticles. The collection of papers will hopefully bring out more innovative ideas and fundamental insights to overcome the hurdles faced in the separation and detection of bionanoparticles.

n/a --- magnetic field --- microfluidic device --- ballpoint pen printing --- paper-based microfluidic device --- online analysis --- nanoporous membrane --- dielectric film --- digital microfluidic chip --- HIV diagnostics --- precipitation --- optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) --- digital microfluidic device --- fluorescence --- ferrofluids --- cancer metastasis --- flow focusing --- image processing --- electrowetting --- light diffraction --- lensfree --- nanoparticle characterization --- multi-step assay --- cell isolation --- biomarker detection --- microparticles --- conductive electrode --- single particle analysis --- plastic wrap --- second-hand smoke --- flow control --- surface acoustic wave --- droplet actuation --- circulating tumour cells (CTCs) --- lipid nanoparticles --- crop disease --- cross-flow filtration --- oxidized hollow mesoporous carbon nanosphere --- microfluidic systems --- 3-ethenylpyridine --- microfluidic --- microfluidics --- COMSOL --- plug flow mixer

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Optofluidic devices are of high scientific and industrial interest in chemistry, biology, material science, pharmacy, and medicine. In recent years, they have experienced strong development because of impressive achievements in the synergistic combination of photonics and micro/nanofluidics. Sensing and/or lasing platforms showing unprecedented sensitivities in extremely small analyte volumes, and allowing real-time analysis within a lab-on-a-chip approach, have been developed. They are based on the interaction of fluids with evanescent waves induced at the surface of metallic or photonic structures, on the implementation of microcavities to induce optical resonances in the fluid medium, or on other interactions of the microfluidic systems with light. In this context, a large variety of optofluidic devices has emerged, covering topics such as cell manipulation, microfabrication, water purification, energy production, catalytic reactions, microparticle sorting, micro-imaging, or bio-sensing. Moreover, the integration of these optofluidic devices in larger electro-optic platforms represents a highly valuable improvement towards advanced applications, such as those based on surface plasmon resonances that are already on the market. In this Special Issue, we invited the scientific community working in this rapidly evolving field to publish recent research and/or review papers on these optofluidic devices and their applications.

opto-fluidics --- micro-manipulation --- cells --- microparticles --- electrowetting display --- aperture ratio --- driving waveform --- hysteresis characteristic --- ink distribution --- response speed --- optofluidics --- ocean monitoring --- colorimetric method --- optoelectrokinetics --- optically-induced dielectrophoresis --- micro/nanomaterials --- separation --- fabrication --- electro-fluidic display --- organic dye --- colored oil --- photo-stability --- micro-thermometry --- laser induced fluorescence --- droplet microfluidics --- zinc oxide --- rhodamine B --- rhodamine 6G --- photocatalysis --- microreactor --- photocatalytic water purification --- paper --- 3D hydrodynamic focusing --- optofluidic --- lab-on-a-chip --- biosensor --- microscale channel --- microfluidic --- liquid-core waveguide --- single layer --- reservoir effect --- sensor --- surface plasmon resonance --- nanohole array --- mechanical properties --- nanofluidic --- nanoplasmonic --- dissolved oxygen --- silver nanoprisms --- colorimetry --- n/a

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During the last decade, novel graphene related materials (GRMs), perovskites, as well as metal oxides and other metal nanostructures have received the interest of the scientific community. Due to their extraordinary physical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties, which are correlated with their 2D ultrathin atomic layer structure, large interlayer distance, ease of functionalization, and bandgap tunability, these nanomaterials have been applied in the development or the improvement of innovative optoelectronic applications, as well as the expansion of theoretical studies and simulations in the fast-growing fields of energy (photovoltaics, energy storage, fuel cells, hydrogen storage, catalysis, etc.), electronics, photonics, spintronics, and sensing devices. The continuous nanostructure-based applications development has provided the ability to significantly improve existing products and to explore the design of materials and devices with novel functionalities. This book demonstrates some of the most recent trends and advances in the interdisciplinary field of optoelectronics. Most articles focus on light emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells (SCs), including organic, inorganic, and hybrid configurations, whereas the rest address photodetectors, transistors, and other well-known dynamic optoelectronic devices. In this context, this exceptional collection of articles is directed at a broad scientific audience of chemists, materials scientists, physicists, and engineers, with the goals of highlighting the potential of innovative optoelectronic applications incorporating nanostructures and inspiring their realization.

graphene oxide --- textured silicon solar cells --- n/a --- high-efficiency --- CdTe microdots --- piezo-phototronic effect --- electromagnetically induced transparency effect --- waveguide photons --- light output power --- hole injection --- ternary organic solar cells --- UV LEDs --- cathodoluminescence --- V-pits --- quantum confinement effect --- nano-grating --- metamaterials --- Ga2O3 --- tunneling --- transmittance --- graphene ink --- perovskite solar cells --- counter electrode --- nucleation layer --- Ag film --- AlGaN-based ultraviolet light-emitting diode --- color-conversion efficiency --- PeLEDs --- photoelectric performance --- photocurrent --- charge transfer --- double-layer ITO --- green LED --- liquid crystals --- photovoltaics --- electrowetting --- oxidation --- Fowler–Nordheim --- field emission --- excitation wavelength --- functionalization --- quantum dots --- gold split-ring --- cascade effect --- erbium --- transparent conductive electrode --- compact --- plasmon resonance --- air-processed --- FDTD --- prism-structured sidewall --- sheet resistance --- GaN --- Ti porous film --- stability --- flip-chip mini-LED --- flexible substrate --- actively tunable nanodevices --- green LEDs --- metasurfaces --- antireflective coating (ARC) --- NiCo2S4 nanotubes --- InN/p-GaN heterojunction --- InGaN/GaN superlattice --- OAB --- graded indium composition --- plasmonics --- polymer composites --- photomultiplication --- cold cathode --- solvent --- solar cells --- controllable synthesis --- tunable absorbers --- interface --- graphene --- silicon transistor --- colorimetry --- light extraction --- reduced graphene oxide --- pinhole pattern --- indium nanoparticles (In NPs) --- graphene split-ring --- organic solar cell --- light-emitting diode --- organic --- plasmonic forward scattering --- smooth --- subwavelength metal grating --- perovskite --- photoluminescence --- mid infrared --- polarization analyzer --- transparent electrode --- external quantum efficiency --- LED --- light-emitting diodes --- photodetector --- p-type InGaN --- quantum efficiency --- 2D perovskite --- quantum dot --- orthogonal polarization --- current spreading --- localized surface plasmon --- Schottky barrier --- Fowler-Nordheim