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O acesso à água e a sua gestão, para além de revelarem figuras jurídicas, instituições e cargos que integram formas de direito consuetudinário, traduzem-se na utilização de uma grande diversidade de tecnologias que permitem as operações de rega. São estas o objecto dos Aparelhos de elevar a água de rega, que os autores dividem em três grupos fundamentais segundo a força motriz que os faz funcionar - os agentes naturais (vento e água), os animais e o homem -, subdividindo-os ainda segundo critérios morfológicos, questionando as suas origens e estabelecendo a sua distribuição no território nacional. O conjunto de tecnologias aqui descritas, ao mesmo tempo que permite ilustrar e formular questões no âmbito da organização técnica e social do trabalho, fala afinal ao leitor da sede de água que, nas sociedades camponesas, vive em simbiose com o elemento central das suas estratégias de reprodução social: a terra.

Water-wheels.

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Gearing --- Dynamics. --- Design and construction. --- Cog-wheels --- Gears --- Machinery --- Power transmission --- Rolling contact --- Wheels --- Mechanical movements --- Dynamics

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Gearing --- Mechanical engineering. --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering --- Machinery --- Steam engineering --- Cog-wheels --- Gears --- Power transmission --- Rolling contact --- Wheels --- Mechanical movements --- Heat treatment. --- Mechanical engineering --- Heat treatment

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This book presents papers from the International Gear Conference 2014, held in Lyon, 26th-28th August 2014. Mechanical transmission components such as gears, rolling element bearings, CVTs, belts and chains are present in every industrial sector and over recent years, increasing competitive pressure and environmental concerns have provided an impetus for cleaner, more efficient and quieter units. Moreover, the emergence of relatively new applications such as wind turbines, hybrid transmissions and jet engines has led to even more severe constraints. The main objective of this conference is to

Electric power-plants. --- Wind power. --- Wind turbines. --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Gearing --- Design and construction. --- Dynamics. --- Dynamics --- Cog-wheels --- Gears --- Machinery --- Power transmission --- Rolling contact --- Wheels --- Mechanical movements

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This specialist edition features key innovations in the science and engineering of new grinding processes, abrasives, tools, machines, and systems for a range of important industrial applications. Topics written by invited, internationally recognized authors review the advances and present results of research over a range of well-known grinding processes. A significant introductory review chapter explores innovations to achieve high productivity and very high precision in grinding. The reviewed applications range from grinding systems for very large lenses and reflectors, through to medium size grinding machine processes, and down to grinding very small components used in MEMS . Early research chapters explore the influence of grinding wheel topography on surface integrity and wheel wear. A novel chapter on abrasive processes also addresses the finishing of parts produced by additive manufacturing through mass finishing. Materials to be ground range from conventional engineering steels to aerospace materials, ceramics, and composites. The research findings highlight important new results for avoiding material sub-surface damage. The papers compiled in this book include references to many source publications which will be found invaluable for further research, such as new features introduced into control systems to improve process efficiency. The papers also reflect significant improvements and research findings relating to many aspects of grinding processes, including machines, materials, abrasives, wheel preparation, coolants, lubricants, and fluid delivery. Finally, a definitive chapter summarizes the optimal settings for high precision and the achievement of centerless grinding stability.

wheels --- safe operation --- precision --- lubrication --- surface roughness --- microgrinding --- high-performance dry grinding --- micro-grinding --- brittle hard materials --- glass --- micropencil grinding tools --- topography --- glass–ceramic --- cutting edge --- coolant delivery --- quality --- fusion --- materials --- metal additive manufacturing --- profile gear grinding --- grinding fluid --- coolant --- contact conditions --- metal cutting fluid --- grinding --- self-sharpening --- mass finishing --- process optimization --- centerless grinding --- grinding fluid nozzle --- laser --- productivity --- systems --- subsurface damages --- NC-form grinding --- sodium dodecyl sulfate --- grinding wheels --- processes --- jet breakup --- control --- removal rates --- wear modelling --- precision grinding --- optics manufacturing --- sensors --- bonding --- microstructures --- machines --- thermo-mechanical stress collective