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"This is the latest version of the 1956 book which began the modern study of universals, and provides the foundation for many inquiries that followed. The hypotheses are cast at a moderate level of abstraction, and so are likely to survive as a basis for inquiry for many decades to come."Prof. Dr. William Labov

Linguistic universals. --- Universals (Linguistics). --- Universaliën (Taalwetenschap) --- Universals (Linguistics) --- Universaux (Linguistique) --- Linguistics --- Linguistics. --- Language and languages --- Linguistic science --- Science of language --- Universals --- Typology (Linguistics) --- linguistic typology. --- Universaux (linguistique)

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The volume explores the relationship between linguistic universals and language variation. Its contributions identify the recurrent patterns and principles behind the complex spectrum of observable variation. The volume bridges the gap between cross-linguistic variation, regional variation, diachronic variation, contact-induced variation as well as socially conditioned variation. Moreover, it addresses fundamental methodological and theoretical issues of variation research. The volume brings together internationally renowned specialists of their fields while, at the same time, offering a platform for gifted and highly talented young researchers. The authors come from different theoretical backgrounds and through their work illustrate a rich array of scientific methods. All authors share a strong belief in empirically founded theoretical work. The contributions span a high number of languages and dialects from many parts of the world. They are extremely broad in their empirical coverage addressing an impressive selection of grammatical domains.

Language and languages --- Linguistic universals. --- Variation. --- Dialectology --- Linguistic universals --- Variation (Linguistique) --- Universaux (Linguistique) --- Universals (Linguistics) --- Characterology of speech --- Language diversity --- Language subsystems --- Language variation --- Linguistic diversity --- Variation in language --- Universals --- Linguistics --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Variation --- Language Contact. --- Sociolinguistics. --- Typology.

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The realisation that signed languages are true languages is one of the great discoveries of linguistic research. The work of many sign language researchers has revealed deep similarities between signed and spoken languages in their structure, acquisition and processing, as well as differences, arising from the differing articulatory and perceptual constraints under which signed languages are used and learned. This book provides a cross-linguistic examination of the properties of many signed languages, including detailed case studies of Hong Kong, British, Mexican and German sign languages. The contributions to this volume, by some of the most prominent researchers in the field, focus on a single question: to what extent is linguistic structure influenced by the modality of language? Their answers offer particular insights into the factors that shape the nature of language and contribute to our understanding of why languages are organised as they are.

Gesture --- Modality (Linguistics) --- Sign language --- #KVHA:Taalkunde; Gebarentaal --- #KVHA:Modaliteit --- #KVHA:Structuur --- Deaf --- Gesture language --- Mudra --- Linguistics --- Acting --- Body language --- Elocution --- Movement (Acting) --- Oratory --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics --- Typologie (linguistique) --- Universaux (linguistique)

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The discovery of 'linguistic universals' - the properties that all languages have in common - is a fundamental goal of linguistic research. Linguists face the task of accounting for why languages, which apparently differ so greatly from one another on the surface, display striking similarities in their underlying structure. This volume brings together a team of leading experts to show how different linguistic theories have approached this challenge. Drawing on work from both formal and functional perspectives, it provides a comprehensive overview of the most notable work on linguistic universals - with chapters on syntax, semantics, phonology, morphology and typology - and explores a range of central issues, such as the relationship between linguistic universals and the language faculty, and what linguistic universals can tell us about our biological make-up and cognitive abilities. Clear and succinct, it will be invaluable to anyone seeking a greater understanding of the phenomenon that is human language.

Linguistics --- Universals (Linguistics) --- Language acquisition. --- Universaux (Linguistique) --- Langage --- Acquisition --- Language acquisition --- 801.56 --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Linguistic universals. --- Linguistic universals --- Language and languages --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Acquisition of language --- Developmental linguistics --- Developmental psycholinguistics --- Language development in children --- Psycholinguistics, Developmental --- Interpersonal communication in children --- Psycholinguistics --- Universals --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics

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The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science. The series considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language.

Consonants --- Nasality (Phonetics) --- Markedness (Linguistics) --- Nasal sounds (Phonetics) --- Nasalization (Phonetics) --- Sonorants (Phonetics) --- Marked member (Linguistics) --- Distinctive features (Linguistics) --- Consonants. --- Markedness (Linguistics). --- Nasality (Phonetics). --- Consonnes --- Marque (Linguistique) --- Nasalisation --- Universals (Linguistics) --- Language and languages --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Universals --- Linguistic universals. --- Phonetics --- Linguistic universals --- Voice --- Generative grammar --- Linguistics --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Phonology --- Universaux (Linguistique) --- Universaliën. --- Nasalen [Fonetiek]. --- Consonnes. --- Universaux. --- Nasales [Phonétique]. --- Medeklinkers.