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"Understanding the mechanisms driving biological diversity remains a central problem in ecology and evolutionary biology. Traditional explanations assume that differences in selection pressures lead to different adaptations in geographically separated locations. This book takes a different approach and explores adaptive diversification--diversification rooted in ecological interactions and frequency-dependent selection. In any ecosystem, birth and death rates of individuals are affected by interactions with other individuals. What is an advantageous phenotype therefore depends on the phenotype of other individuals, and it may often be best to be ecologically different from the majority phenotype. Such rare-type advantage is a hallmark of frequency-dependent selection and opens the scope for processes of diversification that require ecological contact rather than geographical isolation. Michael Doebeli investigates adaptive diversification using the mathematical framework of adaptive dynamics. Evolutionary branching is a paradigmatic feature of adaptive dynamics that serves as a basic metaphor for adaptive diversification, and Doebeli explores the scope of evolutionary branching in many different ecological scenarios, including models of coevolution, cooperation, and cultural evolution. He also uses alternative modeling approaches. Stochastic, individual-based models are particularly useful for studying adaptive speciation in sexual populations, and partial differential equation models confirm the pervasiveness of adaptive diversification. Showing that frequency-dependent interactions are an important driver of biological diversity, Adaptive Diversification provides a comprehensive theoretical treatment of adaptive diversification"-- "Adaptive biological diversification occurs when frequency-dependent selection generates advantages for rare phenotypes and induces a split of an ancestral lineage into multiple descendant lineages. Using adaptive dynamics theory, individual-based simulations, and partial differential equation models, this book illustrates that adaptive diversification due to frequency-dependent ecological interaction is a theoretically ubiquitous phenomenon"--

Evolution (Biology) --- Biodiversity --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Environment --- Self-organizing systems --- Variation (Biology) --- Biological fitness --- Genetics --- Mathematical models. --- LotkaЖolterra models. --- Maynard Smith model. --- Richard Lenski. --- adaptive diversification. --- adaptive dynamics theory. --- adaptive dynamics. --- adaptive speciation. --- anisogamy. --- asexual speciation. --- assortative mating. --- biological diversity. --- clonal models. --- coevolution. --- coevolutionary dynamics. --- conformist cultures. --- cooperative interactions. --- crossfeeding. --- cultural evolution. --- dispersal rates. --- disruptive selection. --- diverging phenotypic clusters. --- diversification. --- ecological character displacement. --- ecological dynamics. --- ecology. --- ecosystem. --- evolutionary biology. --- evolutionary branching. --- evolutionary dynamics. --- evolutionary processes. --- evolutionary trajectory. --- experimental evolution. --- frequency dependence. --- frequency independence. --- frequency-dependent competition. --- frequency-dependent interactions. --- frequency-dependent selection. --- gamete size. --- individual-based models. --- intraspecific cooperation. --- language memes. --- language. --- mainstream culture. --- mathematical modeling. --- mating populations. --- microbes. --- mutualism. --- mutualistic interactions. --- niche ecology. --- partial differential equation models. --- pattern formation. --- phenotype distributions. --- phenotype. --- phenotypic differentiation. --- phenotypic divergence. --- polymorphic populations. --- polymorphism. --- polymorphisms. --- predation. --- predatorаrey interactions. --- prezygotic reproductive isolation. --- religion. --- religious diversification. --- reproductive isolation. --- resource competition. --- sexual populations. --- sexual reproduction. --- speciation model. --- trophic preference. --- Environmental adaptation --- Adaptation, Environmental