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This Special Issue “Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technologies” was in session from 1 May 2019 to 31 May 2020. For this Special issue, we invited articles on current state-of-the-art technologies and solutions in G2V and V2G, including but not limited to the operation and control of gridable vehicles, energy storage and management systems, charging infrastructure and chargers, EV demand and load forecasting, V2G interfaces and applications, V2G and energy reliability and security, environmental impacts, and economic benefits as well as demonstration projects and case studies in the aforementioned areas. Articles that deal with the latest hot topics in V2G are of particular interest, such as V2G and demand-side response control technique, smart charging infrastructure and grid planning, advanced power electronics for V2G systems, adaptation of V2G systems in the smart grid, adaptation of smart cities for a large number of EVs, integration, and the optimization of V2G systems, utilities and transportation assets for advanced V2G systems, wireless power transfer systems for advanced V2G systems, fault detection, maintenance and diagnostics in V2G processes, communications protocols for V2G systems, energy management system (EMS) in V2G systems, IoT for V2G systems, distributed energy and storage systems for V2G, transportation networks and V2G, energy management for V2G, smart charging/discharging stations for efficient V2G, environmental and socio-economic benefits and challenges of V2G systems, and building integrated V2G systems (BIV2G). Five manuscripts are published in this Special Issue, including “An Ensemble Stochastic Forecasting Framework for Variable Distributed Demand Loads” by Agyeman et al., “Where Will You Park? Predicting Vehicle Locations for Vehicle-to-Grid, An MPC Scheme with Enhanced Active Voltage Vector Region for V2G Inverter” by Shipman et al., “Electric Vehicles Energy Management with V2G/G2V Multifactor Optimization of Smart Grids” by Xia et al., and “A Review on Communication Standards and Charging Topologies of V2G and V2H Operation Strategies” by Savitti et al.

vehicle-to-grid (V2G) --- vehicle-to-home (V2H) --- bi-directional charging topologies --- communication standards --- battery cycle --- smart grid --- optimization --- energy management --- electric vehicles --- distributed generation --- MPC --- AV2R --- V2G --- inverter --- vehicle-to-grid --- vehicle location prediction --- automated machine learning --- machine learning --- Bayesian --- deep neural network --- demand load forecast --- distributed load --- ensemble algorithm stochastic --- K-means

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Electric vehicles are only ‘green’ as long as the source of electricity is ‘green’ as well. At the same time, renewable power production suffers from diurnal and seasonal variations, creating the need for energy storage technology. Moreover, overloading and voltage problems are expected in the distributed network due to the high penetration of distributed generation and increased power demand from the charging of electric vehicles. The energy and mobility transition hence calls for novel technological innovations in the field of sustainable electric mobility powered from renewable energy. This Special Issue focuses on recent advances in technology for PV charging and storage for electric vehicles.

electric vehicle --- demand forecasting --- peak shaving --- smart charging --- robust optimization --- Energy management and control --- particle swarm optimization (PSO) --- hybrid AC/DC microgrid --- electric vehicle charging and discharging control --- artificial physics optimization (APO) --- vehicle to grid --- V2G --- battery degradation --- Li-ion --- real-time --- moving horizon window --- battery charger --- electric bike --- photovoltaic system --- power converter --- wireless power transfer --- plug-in electric vehicle --- energy management system --- renewable energy --- vehicle-to-grid --- life cycle assessment --- CO2 emissions --- photovoltaic systems --- electric vehicles --- VIPV --- cost–benefit analysis

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The electric power sector is poised for transformative changes. Improvements in the cost and performance of a range of distributed energy generation (DG) technologies and the potential for breakthroughs in distributed energy storage (DS) are creating new options for onsite power generation and storage, driving increasing adoption and impacting utility distribution system operations. In addition, changing uses and use patterns for electricity—from plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) to demand response (DR)—are altering demands placed on the electric power system. Finally, the infusion of new information and communications technology (ICT) into the electric system and its markets is enabling the collection of immense volumes of data on power sector operations and use; unprecedented control of generation, networks, and loads; and new opportunities for the delivery of energy services. In this Special Issue of Energies, research papers on topics related to the integration of distributed energy resources (DG, DS, EV, and DR) are included. From technologies to software tools to system-wide evaluations, the impacts of all aforementioned distributed resources on both operation and planning are examined.

machine learning --- microgrids --- optimisation methods --- power systems --- reinforcement learning --- high penetration --- renewable energy --- adaptability planning --- source-grid coordination --- renewable electricity distribution for public space --- sustainability assessment model --- integrated assessment for public space --- tripartite altruism --- urban renewable energy --- ecological infrastructures --- Micro-grids --- continuity of supply --- power distribution --- power system planning --- decentralized control --- small hydropower plants --- microgrid --- emergency control --- recloser --- synchronous coupler --- power systems stability --- power system operation --- power system security --- renewable energy integration --- load flow analysis --- congestion management --- distributed generation curtailment --- demand side management --- demand response --- cyber-physical systems --- dynamic pricing --- load forecasting --- attack detection --- photovoltaics --- distributed energy resources (DERs) --- grid impact --- power quality --- low-voltage distribution network --- inverter regulation --- electric vehicles --- uncontrolled charging --- delayed charging --- controlled charging --- V2G --- V2B --- V2H --- peak shaving --- valley filling --- renewable energy sources

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The Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for Electric Vehicles (EV)”, covers new work on EV and associated topics like charging process, smart grids, emerging ITS for EV and applications for electromoV market penetration with an increase of 60% per year, associated challenges of the charging process and system and changes in the energy market and grid. EV is associated with sustainability and the EU has committed to reducing CO2 emissions by 37.5 percent by 2030. The charging process and open energy market with renewable energy create interesting research problems where IoT and intelligent systems play an essential role in the flexibility of the EV charging process and the EV operation.bility. Considering EV market penetration with an increase of 60% per year, associated challenges of charging process and system and the change on the Energy market and Grid. EV is associated with sustainability with the commit of EU in, aiming to reduce CO2 emissions by 37.5 percent from 2021 to 2030. Charging process and open energy market with renewable energy creates interesting research problems where IoT and Intelligent System plays an essential role in the flexibility of the EV charging process and the EV operation.

vehicle electrification --- smart grids --- renewable energy sources --- energy storage systems --- power quality --- bidirectional --- power electronics. --- charging behaviors --- distribution locational marginal pricing --- distribution networks --- electric mobility --- electric vehicle --- operation --- reconfiguration --- smart city --- smart grid --- rapid charging --- charging navigation --- internet of things --- electric charging behaviour --- energy prices --- EVs --- travel simulator --- charging station --- prediction --- probability --- mobile App --- EV charging process --- blockchain --- IoT --- mobile app --- particle filter --- histogram of gradient --- sensor fusion --- neural network --- support vector machine --- object recognition --- electric bus --- emissions --- urban transportation --- energy mix --- automatic train operation --- multi-objective optimization --- shark smell optimization algorithm --- composite angle cosine --- dual-population evolution mechanism --- hardware-in-the-loop simulation --- daily activity chains --- electric vehicles --- optimization --- charging stations --- intelligent transportation systems --- ITS --- Dispatching Service --- Dispersed Generation --- Distribution Grid --- Electrical Vehicle --- Optimal Power Flow --- Power Flow --- Power System --- Simulation Models --- shared swap charging system --- operational design --- battery charging rate --- binary integer programming --- silicon carbide --- extreme fast charging --- DC transformer --- V2G --- urban complex --- peak shaving --- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) --- energy management strategies (EMSs) --- driving cycle prediction

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Transportation systems play a major role in the reduction of energy consumptions and environmental impact all over the world. The significant amount of energy of transport systems forces the adoption of new solutions to ensure their performance with energy-saving and reduced environmental impact. In this context, technologies and materials, devices and systems, design methods, and management techniques, related to the electrical power systems for transportation are continuously improving thanks to research activities. The main common challenge in all the applications concerns the adoption of innovative solutions that can improve existing transportation systems in terms of efficiency and sustainability.

electric bus --- vehicle selection --- road operation test --- sustainable development --- more electric aircraft (MEA) --- multilevel converter --- high power density --- electric vehicles (EVs) --- independent-drive technology --- deep reinforcement learning (DRL) --- optimal torque distribution --- wireless power transfer --- non-linear --- fast terminal sliding mode control --- power converters --- efficiency --- energy storage systems --- electrical power systems --- hydraulic power systems --- hydraulic accumulator --- ultracapacitor --- lithium-ion battery --- dual-polarization model --- fractional-order model --- SOC estimation --- hybrid Kalman filter --- vehicle–grid integration --- distribution network voltage regulation --- alternating direction method of multipliers --- railway transport --- eco-driving --- energy efficiency --- optimization algorithm --- power systems --- ancillary services --- EV motor inverter --- electrical installation --- on-board charger --- vehicle-to-home --- home energy management system --- hybrid electric bulldozer --- tracked vehicle --- control strategy --- adaptive control --- power smoothing --- electric vehicles --- public charging station --- bilevel model --- range constraint --- hybrid electric vehicles --- equivalent consumption minimization strategy --- power-split hybrid --- heavy-duty vehicles --- diesel engine --- natural gas engine --- hybrid powertrain --- supercapacitor --- fuel consumption --- mathematical modeling --- electric vehicle --- city bus --- gearbox --- transmission --- optimization --- hybrid electric vehicle --- power-split --- fuel economy --- particle swarm optimization --- route guidance strategies --- stochastic charging demands --- time-varying road network --- shift-by-wire (SBW) --- switched reluctance motor (SRM) --- non-uniform air-gap --- rotor hole placement --- torque ripple --- rotor structure --- electrical transport --- electrical vehicle --- marine transport --- railway --- battery electric vehicles --- signalized intersections --- energy-optimized vehicle trajectories --- vehicle dynamics model --- road freight transport --- vehicle stock turnover model --- deep decarbonization --- road freight vehicle --- electric-drive vehicle --- lithium-ion --- dQ/dV --- dV/dQ --- frequency regulation --- V2G --- G2V --- fault diagnosis --- PEM fuel cell system --- PFCM-ABC-SVM --- ultra-fast charging --- multimodule DC-DC converters --- dual active bridge DC-DC converter --- full-bridge phase-shift DC-DC converter --- input-series output-series --- input-series output-parallel --- input-parallel output-parallel --- input-parallel output-series --- input-series input-parallel output-series output-parallel --- battery aging --- plug-in electric vehicles --- energy management --- global optimization --- state of health --- particle swarm algorithm --- genetic algorithm --- simulation --- plug-in hybrid --- microgrid --- photovoltaic --- robust optimization --- stochastic optimization --- battery management systems --- battery fuel gauge --- state of charge --- power fade --- capacity fade --- robust estimation --- predictive control --- environmental impacts --- life cycle assessment --- review --- anti-lock braking system --- fuzzy logic system --- controller --- vehicle --- traffic signal control --- cost model --- total cost of ownership --- TCO --- charging strategy --- public transport --- sustainability --- reused battery --- adaptive control theory --- battery management system (BMS) --- internal resistances --- open-circuit voltage --- policy incentive --- public charging infrastructure --- power grid --- grid-side effects --- photovoltaic potentials --- controlled charging --- electric power systems --- transportation --- PV --- inverter