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Cement guns --- Shotcrete

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Shotcrete --- Stucco --- Walls --- Waterproofing. --- Testing. --- Permeability. --- Protection

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The starting point for the design of the bridge in ice is based on a design made by Leonardo Da Vinci. The original design from the 16th century was designed to span the Golden Horn in Istanbul. This design would have had a span of 240 metres and a width of 24 metres. The bridge would have had the largest span at that time, if the sultan of Turkey had approved the design. This design was the inspiration for this project, a bridge consisting of ice with the largest span until now. Arno Pronk and two master students (Roel Koekkoek and Thijs van de Nieuwenhof) started this project in continuation of the previous ice-building projects (Sagrada Familia in Ice 2015 and the Pykrete dome 2014). Accompanied by a group of master students from Eindhoven University of Technology, the project team worked on this project in collaboration with the structural ice association, the municipality of Juuka and more than 15 international universities and local volunteers in Finland.

Pykrete, shotcrete, ice composite, ice dome, Sagrada Familia, Gaudí, textile fabrics, shell

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This book is very useful for scholars studying roadway support. It collects and displays breakthroughs and high-level research progress of advanced support technology, including advanced cement-based materials for tunnel support, advanced surrounding rock control technology, road dust control methods, advanced tunnel support equipment, advanced road disaster control theory, etc. Additionally, this book provides innovative research ideas and reference research methods for scholars who study roadway support. By reading this book, the reader's theoretical knowledge of roadway support, as well as innovative and divergent thinking, will be improved.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- roadway support --- support equipment --- cement-based material --- rock control --- dust suppression --- disaster control --- shotcrete

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This book is dedicated to “High-Performance Eco-Efficient Concrete” and concrete fatigue behavior, more sustainable construction materials, capable of complying with quality standards and current innovation policies, aimed at saving natural resources and reducing global pollution. The development of self-compacting concretes with electric arc furnace slags is a further achievement. In addition, the technical and economic viability of using coarse recycled aggregates from crushed concrete in shotcrete, enhanced quality and reduced on-site construction time are the basic features of prefabricated bridge elements and systems, biomass bottom ash as aluminosilicate precursor and phosphogypsum were discussed. On the other hand, basalt fiber improving the mechanical properties and durability of reactive powder concrete, alkali-activated slag and high-volume fly ash and the potential of phosphogypsum as secondary raw material in construction industry, the effects of fly ash on the diffusion, bonding, and microproperties of chloride penetration in concrete were studied. Increasing amounts of sustainable concretes are being used as society becomes more aware of the environment. Finally, the circular economy as an economic model of production and consumption that involves reusing, repairing, refurbishing, and recycling materials after their service life are presented in this book.

high-frequency fatigue test --- recycled aggregate --- recycled aggregate concrete --- fatigue --- Locati test --- electric arc furnace slags --- mechanical properties --- durability --- self-compacting concrete --- high-performance concrete --- EAFS --- cupola slag --- electric arc furnace slag --- shotcrete --- deep tunnels --- convergence-confinement method --- coarse recycled concrete aggregate --- dry-mix process --- prefabricated --- bridge deck --- prestressed --- UHPC --- sustainable --- biomass bottom ash --- phosphogypsum --- alkali activated fine-grained concrete --- reactive powder concrete --- basalt fiber --- chloride-salt corrosion --- freeze–thaw durability --- alkali-activated concrete --- shrinkage --- cracking --- internal curing --- metakaolin --- ternary binder --- high performance --- strength --- foam --- lightweight material --- thermal conductivity --- fly ash --- carbon dioxide emission --- chloride diffusion --- binding capacity of chlorine --- HVFA --- RAC --- sustainable building --- reinforced concrete --- corrosion of concrete --- fiber-reinforced --- natural fibers --- bamboo --- sustainable mortar --- mechanical characterization --- by-products --- toughness --- recycled concrete --- low clinker cement --- precast --- physical properties --- New Jersey barriers --- recycled aggregates --- recycled mortar --- construction and demolition waste --- decontaminating --- photocatalysis --- glass powder --- green cements --- slag-pozzolanic cement --- CEM V --- tunnel spoil recycling --- high durability --- n/a --- freeze-thaw durability