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Ce dossier a pour objet les relations turco-russes qui, depuis la période post-bipolaire, ont suivi un cours instable fait de rapprochements spectaculaires mais aussi de crises qui sont allées, au moins une fois, jusqu’à la rupture. Au cours des trois décennies qui ont suivi la guerre froide, en dépit de cette inconstance, c'est bien une convergence croissante qui s’est affirmée. Marquée par un ensemble d’initiatives politiques, économiques et culturelles, ces dernières ont permis d’institutionnaliser les rapports entre les deux pays. Les relations économiques et notamment le commerce des hydrocarbures ont sans doute contribué au renforcement des rapports turco-russes. Cependant, on constate que la démarche qui a longtemps consisté à privilégier la convergence d’intérêts économiques, pour faire oublier les divergences politiques et stratégiques, est désormais révolue. La coopération qui s’est reconstruite entre les deux pays après l’épisode pénible de 2015-2016 le montre bien, car des antagonismes demeurent.
International Relations --- 21e siècle --- relations diplomatiques --- relations internationales
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İstanbul’daki Fransız Anadolu Araştırmaları Enstitüsü ile merkezi Lizbon’da bulunan Calouste Gulbenkian Vakfi’nm ortaklaşa yayınladıkları, Fransa’daki "Türkiye Mevsimi" çerçevesinde (2009) Paris’teki Calouste Gulbenkian Kültür Merkezi ve Paris-Sorbonne Üniversitesine bağlı Uygulamalı Yüksek Araştırmalar Okulu’nun birlikte düzenledikleri bir kolokyumun ürünlerine dayalı bu kitap bize şaşırtıcı bilgiler sunuyor. İstanbul’un fethinden, Lozan Antlaşması’na kadar, birden çok medeniyetin stratejik buluşma noktasında yer alan Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Batı Avrupa için meydan okunacak başlıca hedef konumundaydı. Avrupa kendini birkaç yüzyıl boyunca Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun aynasında seyretti ve onunla rekabet halinde iken bile, siyasal ve askeri gücü, yönetiminin mükemmelliği, maddi kültürünün İnceliği karşısında hayranlığını gizleyemedi. Ama özümseme ile dışlama arasında gidip gelen bu hayranlık, sonunda, onu yok etme ihtirasına yenik düştü. Peki, acaba bu gidişat tek yönlü müydü? Kuşkusuz Osmanlı İmparatorluğu da Avrupa’ya yönelik fetih ve dize getirme ihtiraslarından yoksun değildi. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ile Avrupalı güçler arasında yüzyıllar boyunca sürmüş ilişkileri connected history (bağlı tarihler) perspektifinden ele alan Harp ve Sulh; Avrupa ve Osmanlılar eski bilgilerimize nüanslı yaklaşımlar getirmekle kalmıyor, yeni araştırmaların sonuçlarını da gün ışığına çıkarıyor; bu çerçevede her iki tarafta öbür tarafın nasıl temsil edildiğine dair imgelere ayrıcalıklı bir yer açılıyor, yakınlaşma biçimlerine, temas mekanizma lan na ve bu temaslan kuran aracılara özel bir önem veriliyor. Kitap, Osmanlı konusunda farklı disiplinlerde uzmanlaşmış parlak bir araştırmacılar topluluğunu ve uluslararası planda öne çıkan Osmanlı tarihi uzmanlarından bazılarını bir araya getiriyor. Harp ve Sulh; Avrupa ve Osmanlılar ayrıca, dışa açılma dinamiği çerçevesinde, belki de ilk kez, Türkiyeli okurlara İspanyol ve Portekizli araştırma cila nn çalışmalarını okuma imkânını vererek Akdeniz’in…
History --- International Relations --- Ottomans --- relations diplomatiques --- relations internationales --- Osmanlı --- diplomasi --- uluslararası ilişkiler --- tarih
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Le voisinage étroit et ancien du monde arménien et de l’Empire byzantin a multiplié entre eux les liens, et il y a longtemps déjà que les divers domaines où se sont manifestés ces contacts font l’objet d’études. Si les Arméniens étaient attentifs à leur indépendance religieuse, ils n’en furent pas moins séduits par le prestige diplomatique et culturel de l’Empire. Quant aux Byzantins, ils appréciaient les guerriers en quête de fortune, qui, longtemps, les protégèrent de l’avance musulmane. Ces sentiments complexes ont perduré, en se transformant, à travers tous les bouleversements du Proche Orient : expansion arabe des viie-viiie siècles, impérialisme byzantin des xe-xie, et avance turque des xie-xiie. À l’heure où l’attention se porte aussi sur les différences et incompatibilités entre Arméniens et Byzantins, le moment était venu pour des historiens d’Arménie, de Russie, des États-Unis et de France, de se rencontrer et de poser les bases d’un bilan sur ces relations contrastées. On trouvera donc ici les contributions de S. S. Arevsatyan, Viada Arutjunova-Fidanjan, Hratch Bartikian, Paul Bellier, Patricia Boisson-Chenorhokian, Isabelle Brousselle, Marie-Louise Chaumont, Jean-Claude Cheynet, Gérard Dédéyan, Patrick Donabédian, Nina G. Garsoïan, Mourad Hasrat’yan, Jean-Pierre Mahé, Seiranouche Manoukian, Bernadette Martin-Hisard, Petre S. Nasturel, Catherine Otten-Froux, Bernard Outtier, Charles Renoux, Michel Thierry, Nicole Thierry et Karen Yuzbashian.
Armenia --- Byzantine Empire --- Arménie --- Empire byzantin --- Civilization --- Byzantine influences --- Relations --- Civilisation --- Influence byzantine --- Kulturkontakt --- Geschichte. --- Armenien --- Byzantinisches Reich --- Geschichte --- Aufsatzsammlung --- Byzanz --- Armenien. --- Byzantinisches Reich. --- Arménie (région transfrontière) --- Kulturkontakt. --- Aufsatzsammlung. --- Arménie --- History --- International Relations --- art --- échanges culturels --- Byzance --- relations diplomatiques --- Art
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De 1923 à nos jours, les relations gréco-turques ont été denses et en général conflictuelles. Ce dossier fait le point sur les conflits principaux que sont Chypre, la mer Égée, et la question épineuse des minorités réciproques, écrit l'histoire des relations diplomatiques entre les deux pays, mettant en lumière les causes de détente et interroge les événements récents pour tenter d'esquisser un futur possible.
Regions & Countries - Europe --- History & Archaeology --- Balkan Peninsula --- Turkey --- Greece --- Foreign relations --- Politics and government. --- patriarcat grec orthodoxe --- Grèce --- Pera --- échange de population 1923 --- minorités religieuses --- Eglise orthodoxe --- relations gréco-turques --- question chypriote --- conflit gréco-turc --- relations diplomatiques --- enosis --- minorités confessionnelles --- islam --- séisme 17 août 1999 --- migrations --- pogrom 6-7 septembre 1955 --- réconciliation --- politique étrangère turque --- Turquie
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Il est difficile de risquer aujourd’hui quelque conjecture sur le développement des relations turco-arméniennes. Rappelons que si la Turquie a reconnu l’Arménie en 1992, les deux pays n’entretiennent toujours pas de relations diplomatiques. Soulignons aussi d’emblée que notre objet est en mouvement et que l’on n’a pour le moment pas atteint de nouvel équilibre. L’année écoulée (2000-2001) a, en cela, été assez féconde en signes contradictoires (crispation/décrispation). Les discours de part et d’autre ont majoritairement été scandés par la question de la reconnaissance du génocide. L’arrivée au pouvoir de Robert Kotcharian (début 1998), qui a inscrit la campagne pour cette reconnaissance sur l’agenda de la politique étrangère arménienne, le succès de cette campagne (France, Union Européenne, probablement aux États-Unis à courte ou moyenne échéance) auraient pu étouffer dans l’œuf le dialogue esquissé au cours de la décennie suivant l’indépendance, cela n’a pas été le cas. Certes, la question du Karabakh et d’abord probablement le profond différend historiographique entre les deux pays constituent toujours un obstacle très sérieux à l’établissement de relations diplomatiques, mais les signes d’une nouvelle donne n’ont jamais été aussi nombreux. On évitera, cependant, de tomber dans le piège d’un optimisme béat, d’autant qu’il a déjà été question dans le passé d’aplanir les désaccords pour établir de meilleures relations. Le mieux, avant d’aborder les tous derniers développements et de proposer des scénarios différents en prenant pour toile de fond plus générale la politique de la Turquie dans le Caucase méridional, est probablement de dérouler la chronologie des relations turco-arméniennes en remontant jusqu’à la période soviétique.
Regions & Countries - Europe --- History & Archaeology --- Balkan Peninsula --- Turkey --- Armenia (Republic) --- Foreign relations --- Republic of Armenia --- Hayastan (Republic) --- Hayastani Hanrapetutʻyun --- République arménienne --- Arménie (Republic) --- Republik Armenii︠a︡ --- Respublika Armenii︠a︡ --- Armenii︠a︡ (Republic) --- HH --- Haikakan Hanrapetoutioun --- Armeneja (Republic) --- Republiek van Armenië --- Ermänistan (Republic) --- Ermänistan Respublikası --- Арменія (Republic) --- Рэспубліка Арменія --- Ermenija (Republic) --- Армения (Republic) --- Republika Ermenija --- Република Армения --- Republika Armenii︠a︡ --- Jumhūrīyat Armīnyā --- Armīnyā (Republic) --- أرمينيا (Republic) --- Armīniyā (Republic) --- جمهورية الأرمينية --- Jumhūrīyah al-Armīniyah --- Ermenia (Republic) --- Rèpublica d'Armènie --- ЦIамухъ (Republic) --- T︠S︡ḣamukhʺ (Republic) --- Armenian S.S.R. --- Armenia --- Anatolia --- Anatolie --- Ānātūlī --- Asia Minor --- Asia Minore --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Turk Uls --- Buturuki --- Cộng hoà Thỏ̂ Nhĩ Kỳ --- Dēmokratia tēs Tourkias --- Devlet-i Aliye Osmaniye --- Durka --- Durkka dásseváldi --- Gweriniaeth Twrci --- Jamhuri ya Uturuki --- Jamhuuriyada Turki --- Jumhūrīyah al-Turkīyah --- Komara Tirkiyeyê --- Lýðveldið Turkaland --- Lýðveldið Tyrkland --- Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Túrkì --- Osmanlı İmparatorluğu --- Osmanskai︠a︡ Imperii︠a︡ --- Ottoman Empire --- Pobblaght ny Turkee --- Poblacht na Tuirce --- Repóbblica d'l Turchî --- Repubbleche de Turchie --- Repubblica di Turchia --- Republic of Turkey --- Republic of Türkiye --- República da Turquia --- Republica de Turchia --- Republica de Turquía --- Republica Turcia --- Republiek Turkeye --- Republiek Turkije --- Republiek van Turkye --- Republik bu Tirki --- Republik Tierkei --- Republik Turkäi --- Republik Türkei --- Républik Turki --- Republik Turkia --- Republika e Turqisë --- Republika ng Turkiya --- Repùblika Tërecczi --- Republika Turcija --- Republika Turcji --- Republika Turcyje --- Republika Turecko --- Republika Turkiya --- Republika Turkojska --- Republika Turska --- Republika Turt︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Republiḳah ha-Ṭurḳiyah --- Republiken Turkiet --- Republikken Tyrkia --- Republikken Tyrkiet --- République de Turquie --- République turque --- Repuvlika de Turkiya --- Ripablik kya Buturuki --- Ripoliku Turkiyakondre --- T.C. (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) --- Tagduda n Tturk --- TC --- Teki --- Tëreckô --- Ṭerḳay --- Ṭerḳishe Republiḳ --- Thekhi --- Thỏ̂ Nhĩ Kỳ --- Thú-ngí-khì --- Tiakei --- Tierkei --- Tiki --- Tirki --- Tırkiya --- Tirkiye --- Ti︠u︡rk --- Ti︠u︡rk Respublika --- Ti︠u︡rkii︠a︡ --- Ti︠u︡rkii︠a︡ Respublika --- Tlacatlahtocayotl Turquia --- Tʻŏkʻi --- T'ŏk'i Konghwaguk --- Tʼóok Bikéyah --- Torkėjė --- Tȯrkiă --- Törkie --- Törkieë --- Tȯrkii︠a︡ --- Tȯrkii︠a︡ Jȯmḣu̇rii︠a︡te --- Török Köztársaság --- Törökország --- Toruko --- Toruko Kyōwakoku --- Tourkia --- Tourkikē Dēmokratia --- Tturk --- Tu er qi gong he guo --- Tū-ī-gì --- Tū-ī-gì Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók --- Tu'erqi --- Tu'erqi gong he guo --- Tu'erqi Gongheguo --- Tuirc --- Tunkī --- Turchî --- Turchia --- Turchie --- Turchy Respublikæ --- Turcia --- Turcija --- Turcijas Republika --- Turcja --- Turcland --- Turcyjo --- Turechchyna --- Turecká republika --- Turecko --- Tureke --- Turet︠s︡ka Respublika --- Turėtskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Tureuki --- Türgi --- Türgi Vabariik --- Türgü --- Türgü Vabariik --- Turk --- Turkäi --- Turkaland --- Turkamastor --- Türkän --- Turkanʹ respubliksʹ --- Turkee --- Türkei --- Turkeya --- Turkeye --- Turki --- Turkia --- Turkia Respubliko --- Turkieë --- Turkiet --- Turkii --- Tu̇rkii︠a︡ --- Tu̇rkii︠a︡ Respublikasy --- Tu̇rkiĭė --- Tu̇rkiĭė Respublikata --- Turkija --- Turkije --- Turkin tasavalta --- Turkio --- Turkiyā --- Turkiya Republika --- Türkiyä Respublikası --- Turkiyah --- Turkiyakondre --- Türkiye --- Türkiye Cumhuriyeti --- Türkiýe Respublikasy --- Turkki --- Turkojska --- Turkowska --- Turkujo --- Turkya --- Turkyah --- Turkye --- Turqia --- Turquía --- Turquie (Repupblic) --- Turska --- Turtchie --- Turt︠s︡i --- Turt︠s︡i Respubliki --- Turt︠s︡iĭ --- Turt︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Turtsyi︠a︡ --- Turukiya --- Tuykia --- Twrci --- Tyrkia --- Tyrkiet --- Tyrkland --- Tẏrt︠s︡i --- Uturuki --- Vysokai︠a︡ Porta --- Whenua Korukoru --- Τουρκική Δημοκρατία --- Τουρκία --- Δημοκρατία της Τουρκίας --- Република Турска --- Република Турция --- Република Турција --- Турска --- Турцыя --- Турци --- Турци Республики --- Турция --- Турција --- Турций --- Турція --- Турчы Республикæ --- Турэцкая Рэспубліка --- Турк --- Туркань республиксь --- Туркамастор --- Турецька Республіка --- Турецка Республіка --- Турецкая Республика --- Туреччина --- Тюрк --- Тюрк Республика --- Тюркия --- Тюркия Республика --- רפובליקה הטורקית --- תורכיה --- טערקישע רעפובליק --- טערקיי --- טורקיה --- تركيا --- جمهورية التركية --- トルコ --- トルコ共和国 --- 土耳其 --- 土耳其共和國 --- 터키 --- 터키 공화국 --- Agos (périodique) --- génocide arménien --- diaspora arménienne --- relations turco-arméniennes --- relations diplomatiques --- panturquisme --- ASALA --- Marmara (périodique) --- Jamanak (périodique)
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La Turquie est le premier État à reconnaître la République d'Azerbaïdjan lorsque celle-ci déclare son indépendance le 30 août 1991. Les relations diplomatiques sont établies quelques mois plus tard. Quelques 10 ans plus tard, plus de 200 accords et protocoles lient les deux pays. Ces accords couvrent un champ très large et ont pour objectif de soutenir l’intensification des relations commerciales, économiques, culturelles, académiques et militaires. Ce dossier fait le point sur la pénétration des entrepreneurs turcs sur le marché azerbaïdjanais, la perception réciproque qu'ont de chacun les partenaires commerciaux des deux pays et les enjeux stratégiques en termes de transition énergétique.
Commerce --- Business & Economics --- International Commerce --- Azerbaijan --- Turkey --- Foreign economic relations --- Anatolia --- Anatolie --- Ānātūlī --- Asia Minor --- Asia Minore --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Turk Uls --- Buturuki --- Cộng hoà Thỏ̂ Nhĩ Kỳ --- Dēmokratia tēs Tourkias --- Devlet-i Aliye Osmaniye --- Durka --- Durkka dásseváldi --- Gweriniaeth Twrci --- Jamhuri ya Uturuki --- Jamhuuriyada Turki --- Jumhūrīyah al-Turkīyah --- Komara Tirkiyeyê --- Lýðveldið Turkaland --- Lýðveldið Tyrkland --- Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Túrkì --- Osmanlı İmparatorluğu --- Osmanskai︠a︡ Imperii︠a︡ --- Ottoman Empire --- Pobblaght ny Turkee --- Poblacht na Tuirce --- Repóbblica d'l Turchî --- Repubbleche de Turchie --- Repubblica di Turchia --- Republic of Turkey --- Republic of Türkiye --- República da Turquia --- Republica de Turchia --- Republica de Turquía --- Republica Turcia --- Republiek Turkeye --- Republiek Turkije --- Republiek van Turkye --- Republik bu Tirki --- Republik Tierkei --- Republik Turkäi --- Republik Türkei --- Républik Turki --- Republik Turkia --- Republika e Turqisë --- Republika ng Turkiya --- Repùblika Tërecczi --- Republika Turcija --- Republika Turcji --- Republika Turcyje --- Republika Turecko --- Republika Turkiya --- Republika Turkojska --- Republika Turska --- Republika Turt︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Republiḳah ha-Ṭurḳiyah --- Republiken Turkiet --- Republikken Tyrkia --- Republikken Tyrkiet --- République de Turquie --- République turque --- Repuvlika de Turkiya --- Ripablik kya Buturuki --- Ripoliku Turkiyakondre --- T.C. (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) --- Tagduda n Tturk --- TC --- Teki --- Tëreckô --- Ṭerḳay --- Ṭerḳishe Republiḳ --- Thekhi --- Thỏ̂ Nhĩ Kỳ --- Thú-ngí-khì --- Tiakei --- Tierkei --- Tiki --- Tirki --- Tırkiya --- Tirkiye --- Ti︠u︡rk --- Ti︠u︡rk Respublika --- Ti︠u︡rkii︠a︡ --- Ti︠u︡rkii︠a︡ Respublika --- Tlacatlahtocayotl Turquia --- Tʻŏkʻi --- T'ŏk'i Konghwaguk --- Tʼóok Bikéyah --- Torkėjė --- Tȯrkiă --- Törkie --- Törkieë --- Tȯrkii︠a︡ --- Tȯrkii︠a︡ Jȯmḣu̇rii︠a︡te --- Török Köztársaság --- Törökország --- Toruko --- Toruko Kyōwakoku --- Tourkia --- Tourkikē Dēmokratia --- Tturk --- Tu er qi gong he guo --- Tū-ī-gì --- Tū-ī-gì Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók --- Tu'erqi --- Tu'erqi gong he guo --- Tu'erqi Gongheguo --- Tuirc --- Tunkī --- Turchî --- Turchia --- Turchie --- Turchy Respublikæ --- Turcia --- Turcija --- Turcijas Republika --- Turcja --- Turcland --- Turcyjo --- Turechchyna --- Turecká republika --- Turecko --- Tureke --- Turet︠s︡ka Respublika --- Turėtskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Tureuki --- Türgi --- Türgi Vabariik --- Türgü --- Türgü Vabariik --- Turk --- Turkäi --- Turkaland --- Turkamastor --- Türkän --- Turkanʹ respubliksʹ --- Turkee --- Türkei --- Turkeya --- Turkeye --- Turki --- Turkia --- Turkia Respubliko --- Turkieë --- Turkiet --- Turkii --- Tu̇rkii︠a︡ --- Tu̇rkii︠a︡ Respublikasy --- Tu̇rkiĭė --- Tu̇rkiĭė Respublikata --- Turkija --- Turkije --- Turkin tasavalta --- Turkio --- Turkiyā --- Turkiya Republika --- Türkiyä Respublikası --- Turkiyah --- Turkiyakondre --- Türkiye --- Türkiye Cumhuriyeti --- Türkiýe Respublikasy --- Turkki --- Turkojska --- Turkowska --- Turkujo --- Turkya --- Turkyah --- Turkye --- Turqia --- Turquía --- Turquie (Repupblic) --- Turska --- Turtchie --- Turt︠s︡i --- Turt︠s︡i Respubliki --- Turt︠s︡iĭ --- Turt︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Turtsyi︠a︡ --- Turukiya --- Tuykia --- Twrci --- Tyrkia --- Tyrkiet --- Tyrkland --- Tẏrt︠s︡i --- Uturuki --- Vysokai︠a︡ Porta --- Whenua Korukoru --- Τουρκική Δημοκρατία --- Τουρκία --- Δημοκρατία της Τουρκίας --- Република Турска --- Република Турция --- Република Турција --- Турска --- Турцыя --- Турци --- Турци Республики --- Турция --- Турција --- Турций --- Турція --- Турчы Республикæ --- Турэцкая Рэспубліка --- Турк --- Туркань республиксь --- Туркамастор --- Турецька Республіка --- Турецка Республіка --- Турецкая Республика --- Туреччина --- Тюрк --- Тюрк Республика --- Тюркия --- Тюркия Республика --- רפובליקה הטורקית --- תורכיה --- טערקישע רעפובליק --- טערקיי --- טורקיה --- تركيا --- جمهورية التركية --- トルコ --- トルコ共和国 --- 土耳其 --- 土耳其共和國 --- 터키 --- 터키 공화국 --- Republic of Azerbaijan --- Azerbaijani Republic --- Azarbayjan Respublikasy --- Aserbaidschan --- Azărbai̐jan Respublikasy --- Azärbaycan Respublikası --- Azarbaijchan Respublikasy --- Azärbaycan --- Āz̲arbāyjān (Republic) --- Āz̲arbāyijān --- Āz̲arbāyajān --- Azerbaigian --- Azerbaijan S.S.R. --- gazoduc --- circulation des biens et des personnes --- relations diplomatiques --- entreprenariat --- pétrole --- politique étrangère turque --- Azerbaïdjan --- commerce --- commerce à la valise --- politiques énergétiques --- Turquie
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Regions & Countries - Europe --- History & Archaeology --- Russia & Former Soviet Republics --- Asia, Central --- Turkey --- Relations --- Anatolia --- Anatolie --- Ānātūlī --- Asia Minor --- Asia Minore --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Turk Uls --- Buturuki --- Cộng hoà Thỏ̂ Nhĩ Kỳ --- Dēmokratia tēs Tourkias --- Devlet-i Aliye Osmaniye --- Durka --- Durkka dásseváldi --- Gweriniaeth Twrci --- Jamhuri ya Uturuki --- Jamhuuriyada Turki --- Jumhūrīyah al-Turkīyah --- Komara Tirkiyeyê --- Lýðveldið Turkaland --- Lýðveldið Tyrkland --- Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Túrkì --- Osmanlı İmparatorluğu --- Osmanskai︠a︡ Imperii︠a︡ --- Ottoman Empire --- Pobblaght ny Turkee --- Poblacht na Tuirce --- Repóbblica d'l Turchî --- Repubbleche de Turchie --- Repubblica di Turchia --- Republic of Turkey --- Republic of Türkiye --- República da Turquia --- Republica de Turchia --- Republica de Turquía --- Republica Turcia --- Republiek Turkeye --- Republiek Turkije --- Republiek van Turkye --- Republik bu Tirki --- Republik Tierkei --- Republik Turkäi --- Republik Türkei --- Républik Turki --- Republik Turkia --- Republika e Turqisë --- Republika ng Turkiya --- Repùblika Tërecczi --- Republika Turcija --- Republika Turcji --- Republika Turcyje --- Republika Turecko --- Republika Turkiya --- Republika Turkojska --- Republika Turska --- Republika Turt︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Republiḳah ha-Ṭurḳiyah --- Republiken Turkiet --- Republikken Tyrkia --- Republikken Tyrkiet --- République de Turquie --- République turque --- Repuvlika de Turkiya --- Ripablik kya Buturuki --- Ripoliku Turkiyakondre --- T.C. (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) --- Tagduda n Tturk --- TC --- Teki --- Tëreckô --- Ṭerḳay --- Ṭerḳishe Republiḳ --- Thekhi --- Thỏ̂ Nhĩ Kỳ --- Thú-ngí-khì --- Tiakei --- Tierkei --- Tiki --- Tirki --- Tırkiya --- Tirkiye --- Ti︠u︡rk --- Ti︠u︡rk Respublika --- Ti︠u︡rkii︠a︡ --- Ti︠u︡rkii︠a︡ Respublika --- Tlacatlahtocayotl Turquia --- Tʻŏkʻi --- T'ŏk'i Konghwaguk --- Tʼóok Bikéyah --- Torkėjė --- Tȯrkiă --- Törkie --- Törkieë --- Tȯrkii︠a︡ --- Tȯrkii︠a︡ Jȯmḣu̇rii︠a︡te --- Török Köztársaság --- Törökország --- Toruko --- Toruko Kyōwakoku --- Tourkia --- Tourkikē Dēmokratia --- Tturk --- Tu er qi gong he guo --- Tū-ī-gì --- Tū-ī-gì Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók --- Tu'erqi --- Tu'erqi gong he guo --- Tu'erqi Gongheguo --- Tuirc --- Tunkī --- Turchî --- Turchia --- Turchie --- Turchy Respublikæ --- Turcia --- Turcija --- Turcijas Republika --- Turcja --- Turcland --- Turcyjo --- Turechchyna --- Turecká republika --- Turecko --- Tureke --- Turet︠s︡ka Respublika --- Turėtskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Tureuki --- Türgi --- Türgi Vabariik --- Türgü --- Türgü Vabariik --- Turk --- Turkäi --- Turkaland --- Turkamastor --- Türkän --- Turkanʹ respubliksʹ --- Turkee --- Türkei --- Turkeya --- Turkeye --- Turki --- Turkia --- Turkia Respubliko --- Turkieë --- Turkiet --- Turkii --- Tu̇rkii︠a︡ --- Tu̇rkii︠a︡ Respublikasy --- Tu̇rkiĭė --- Tu̇rkiĭė Respublikata --- Turkija --- Turkije --- Turkin tasavalta --- Turkio --- Turkiyā --- Turkiya Republika --- Türkiyä Respublikası --- Turkiyah --- Turkiyakondre --- Türkiye --- Türkiye Cumhuriyeti --- Türkiýe Respublikasy --- Turkki --- Turkojska --- Turkowska --- Turkujo --- Turkya --- Turkyah --- Turkye --- Turqia --- Turquía --- Turquie (Repupblic) --- Turska --- Turtchie --- Turt︠s︡i --- Turt︠s︡i Respubliki --- Turt︠s︡iĭ --- Turt︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Turtsyi︠a︡ --- Turukiya --- Tuykia --- Twrci --- Tyrkia --- Tyrkiet --- Tyrkland --- Tẏrt︠s︡i --- Uturuki --- Vysokai︠a︡ Porta --- Whenua Korukoru --- Τουρκική Δημοκρατία --- Τουρκία --- Δημοκρατία της Τουρκίας --- Република Турска --- Република Турция --- Република Турција --- Турска --- Турцыя --- Турци --- Турци Республики --- Турция --- Турција --- Турций --- Турція --- Турчы Республикæ --- Турэцкая Рэспубліка --- Турк --- Туркань республиксь --- Туркамастор --- Турецька Республіка --- Турецка Республіка --- Турецкая Республика --- Туреччина --- Тюрк --- Тюрк Республика --- Тюркия --- Тюркия Республика --- רפובליקה הטורקית --- תורכיה --- טערקישע רעפובליק --- טערקיי --- טורקיה --- تركيا --- جمهورية التركية --- トルコ --- トルコ共和国 --- 土耳其 --- 土耳其共和國 --- 터키 --- 터키 공화국 --- Central Asia --- Soviet Central Asia --- Tūrān --- Turkestan --- West Turkestan --- Asia --- politique étrangère --- histoire --- coopération culturelle --- relations diplomatiques --- panturquisme --- politiques énergétiques --- géopolitique --- Turquie --- Asie centrale
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Il est difficile de risquer aujourd’hui quelque conjecture sur le développement des relations turco-arméniennes. Rappelons que si la Turquie a reconnu l’Arménie en 1992, les deux pays n’entretiennent toujours pas de relations diplomatiques. Soulignons aussi d’emblée que notre objet est en mouvement et que l’on n’a pour le moment pas atteint de nouvel équilibre. L’année écoulée (2000-2001) a, en cela, été assez féconde en signes contradictoires (crispation/décrispation). Les discours de part et d’autre ont majoritairement été scandés par la question de la reconnaissance du génocide. L’arrivée au pouvoir de Robert Kotcharian (début 1998), qui a inscrit la campagne pour cette reconnaissance sur l’agenda de la politique étrangère arménienne, le succès de cette campagne (France, Union Européenne, probablement aux États-Unis à courte ou moyenne échéance) auraient pu étouffer dans l’œuf le dialogue esquissé au cours de la décennie suivant l’indépendance, cela n’a pas été le cas. Certes, la question du Karabakh et d’abord probablement le profond différend historiographique entre les deux pays constituent toujours un obstacle très sérieux à l’établissement de relations diplomatiques, mais les signes d’une nouvelle donne n’ont jamais été aussi nombreux. On évitera, cependant, de tomber dans le piège d’un optimisme béat, d’autant qu’il a déjà été question dans le passé d’aplanir les désaccords pour établir de meilleures relations. Le mieux, avant d’aborder les tous derniers développements et de proposer des scénarios différents en prenant pour toile de fond plus générale la politique de la Turquie dans le Caucase méridional, est probablement de dérouler la chronologie des relations turco-arméniennes en remontant jusqu’à la période soviétique.
Regions & Countries - Europe --- History & Archaeology --- Balkan Peninsula --- Turkey --- Armenia (Republic) --- Georgia (Republic) --- Foreign relations --- Republic of Georgia --- Sakʻartʻvelo (Republic) --- Sakʻartʻvelos Respublika --- Gruzyah (Republic) --- Cheorchia (Republic) --- Xorxa (Republic) --- Jorjia (Republic) --- Gürcüstan (Republic) --- Gruzie (Republic) --- Gruzínská republika --- Georgien (Republic) --- República de Georgia --- Kartvelio (Republic) --- Gruzio (Republic) --- Gruusia (Republic) --- Georgian tasavalta --- Lýðveldið Georgia --- Géorgie (Republic) --- Geörgje (Republic) --- An tSeoirsia --- tSeoirsia (Republic) --- Xeorxia (Republic) --- Republik Georgia --- Gruzija (Republic) --- Grúzia (Republic) --- Pow Grousi --- Gruzijas Republika --- Gruzja (Republic) --- Giorgia (Republic) --- Gruzínsko (Republic) --- Republika Gruzija --- Đurđija (Republic) --- Gürcistan (Republic) --- Georgän (Republic) --- Gjeorgjia (Republic) --- Грузия (Republic) --- Gruzii︠a︡ (Republic) --- Грузија (Republic) --- Грузія (Republic) --- Hruzii︠a︡ (Republic) --- Республіка Грузія --- Respublika Hruzii︠a︡ --- Γεωργία (Republic) --- Gu̇rzhīstan (Republic) --- Georgija (Republic) --- Georgian S.S.R. --- Anatolia --- Anatolie --- Ānātūlī --- Asia Minor --- Asia Minore --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Turk Uls --- Buturuki --- Cộng hoà Thỏ̂ Nhĩ Kỳ --- Dēmokratia tēs Tourkias --- Devlet-i Aliye Osmaniye --- Durka --- Durkka dásseváldi --- Gweriniaeth Twrci --- Jamhuri ya Uturuki --- Jamhuuriyada Turki --- Jumhūrīyah al-Turkīyah --- Komara Tirkiyeyê --- Lýðveldið Turkaland --- Lýðveldið Tyrkland --- Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Túrkì --- Osmanlı İmparatorluğu --- Osmanskai︠a︡ Imperii︠a︡ --- Ottoman Empire --- Pobblaght ny Turkee --- Poblacht na Tuirce --- Repóbblica d'l Turchî --- Repubbleche de Turchie --- Repubblica di Turchia --- Republic of Turkey --- Republic of Türkiye --- República da Turquia --- Republica de Turchia --- Republica de Turquía --- Republica Turcia --- Republiek Turkeye --- Republiek Turkije --- Republiek van Turkye --- Republik bu Tirki --- Republik Tierkei --- Republik Turkäi --- Republik Türkei --- Républik Turki --- Republik Turkia --- Republika e Turqisë --- Republika ng Turkiya --- Repùblika Tërecczi --- Republika Turcija --- Republika Turcji --- Republika Turcyje --- Republika Turecko --- Republika Turkiya --- Republika Turkojska --- Republika Turska --- Republika Turt︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Republiḳah ha-Ṭurḳiyah --- Republiken Turkiet --- Republikken Tyrkia --- Republikken Tyrkiet --- République de Turquie --- République turque --- Repuvlika de Turkiya --- Ripablik kya Buturuki --- Ripoliku Turkiyakondre --- T.C. (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) --- Tagduda n Tturk --- TC --- Teki --- Tëreckô --- Ṭerḳay --- Ṭerḳishe Republiḳ --- Thekhi --- Thỏ̂ Nhĩ Kỳ --- Thú-ngí-khì --- Tiakei --- Tierkei --- Tiki --- Tirki --- Tırkiya --- Tirkiye --- Ti︠u︡rk --- Ti︠u︡rk Respublika --- Ti︠u︡rkii︠a︡ --- Ti︠u︡rkii︠a︡ Respublika --- Tlacatlahtocayotl Turquia --- Tʻŏkʻi --- T'ŏk'i Konghwaguk --- Tʼóok Bikéyah --- Torkėjė --- Tȯrkiă --- Törkie --- Törkieë --- Tȯrkii︠a︡ --- Tȯrkii︠a︡ Jȯmḣu̇rii︠a︡te --- Török Köztársaság --- Törökország --- Toruko --- Toruko Kyōwakoku --- Tourkia --- Tourkikē Dēmokratia --- Tturk --- Tu er qi gong he guo --- Tū-ī-gì --- Tū-ī-gì Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók --- Tu'erqi --- Tu'erqi gong he guo --- Tu'erqi Gongheguo --- Tuirc --- Tunkī --- Turchî --- Turchia --- Turchie --- Turchy Respublikæ --- Turcia --- Turcija --- Turcijas Republika --- Turcja --- Turcland --- Turcyjo --- Turechchyna --- Turecká republika --- Turecko --- Tureke --- Turet︠s︡ka Respublika --- Turėtskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Tureuki --- Türgi --- Türgi Vabariik --- Türgü --- Türgü Vabariik --- Turk --- Turkäi --- Turkaland --- Turkamastor --- Türkän --- Turkanʹ respubliksʹ --- Turkee --- Türkei --- Turkeya --- Turkeye --- Turki --- Turkia --- Turkia Respubliko --- Turkieë --- Turkiet --- Turkii --- Tu̇rkii︠a︡ --- Tu̇rkii︠a︡ Respublikasy --- Tu̇rkiĭė --- Tu̇rkiĭė Respublikata --- Turkija --- Turkije --- Turkin tasavalta --- Turkio --- Turkiyā --- Turkiya Republika --- Türkiyä Respublikası --- Turkiyah --- Turkiyakondre --- Türkiye --- Türkiye Cumhuriyeti --- Türkiýe Respublikasy --- Turkki --- Turkojska --- Turkowska --- Turkujo --- Turkya --- Turkyah --- Turkye --- Turqia --- Turquía --- Turquie (Repupblic) --- Turska --- Turtchie --- Turt︠s︡i --- Turt︠s︡i Respubliki --- Turt︠s︡iĭ --- Turt︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Turtsyi︠a︡ --- Turukiya --- Tuykia --- Twrci --- Tyrkia --- Tyrkiet --- Tyrkland --- Tẏrt︠s︡i --- Uturuki --- Vysokai︠a︡ Porta --- Whenua Korukoru --- Τουρκική Δημοκρατία --- Τουρκία --- Δημοκρατία της Τουρκίας --- Република Турска --- Република Турция --- Република Турција --- Турска --- Турцыя --- Турци --- Турци Республики --- Турция --- Турција --- Турций --- Турція --- Турчы Республикæ --- Турэцкая Рэспубліка --- Турк --- Туркань республиксь --- Туркамастор --- Турецька Республіка --- Турецка Республіка --- Турецкая Республика --- Туреччина --- Тюрк --- Тюрк Республика --- Тюркия --- Тюркия Республика --- רפובליקה הטורקית --- תורכיה --- טערקישע רעפובליק --- טערקיי --- טורקיה --- تركيا --- جمهورية التركية --- トルコ --- トルコ共和国 --- 土耳其 --- 土耳其共和國 --- 터키 --- 터키 공화국 --- Republic of Armenia --- Hayastan (Republic) --- Hayastani Hanrapetutʻyun --- République arménienne --- Arménie (Republic) --- Republik Armenii︠a︡ --- Respublika Armenii︠a︡ --- Armenii︠a︡ (Republic) --- HH --- Haikakan Hanrapetoutioun --- Armeneja (Republic) --- Republiek van Armenië --- Ermänistan (Republic) --- Ermänistan Respublikası --- Арменія (Republic) --- Рэспубліка Арменія --- Ermenija (Republic) --- Армения (Republic) --- Republika Ermenija --- Република Армения --- Republika Armenii︠a︡ --- Jumhūrīyat Armīnyā --- Armīnyā (Republic) --- أرمينيا (Republic) --- Armīniyā (Republic) --- جمهورية الأرمينية --- Jumhūrīyah al-Armīniyah --- Ermenia (Republic) --- Rèpublica d'Armènie --- ЦIамухъ (Republic) --- T︠S︡ḣamukhʺ (Republic) --- Armenian S.S.R. --- Armenia --- circulation des biens et des personnes --- transports --- frontière --- liaisons ferroviaires --- génocide arménien --- relations diplomatiques --- relations turco-arméniennes --- liaisons aériennes --- embargo --- commerce --- commerce à la valise
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La République arabe syrienne et la République de Turquie partagent une frontière de 911 km, la plus longue pour chacun des deux pays. Cette frontière qui relie et que franchissent des rivières communes les a aussi longtemps séparées : depuis les années 1950 s’y étendaient des champs de mines. Cette frontière a vu passer des peuples, parfois des milices, beaucoup de commerçants entre 2000 et 2011 et enfin, massivement, des réfugiés depuis 2011. Divers sens lui ont été attribués - source de litige dans le cas du sandjak d’Alexandrette et des fleuves Tigre et Euphrate jusqu’en 2004, puis voie de commerce depuis 2000 -, en fonction de la perception réciproque des dirigeants des deux États et de leurs opinions publiques. Cette étude reprend l’évolution tourmentée des relations entre la Turquie et la Syrie depuis les années 1950 jusqu’à la crise syrienne actuelle. Les mémoires divergentes de l’héritage ottoman semblent fortement influencer les représentations des deux peuples et de leurs dirigeants. La création d’Israël et des États arabes ainsi que la bipolarité pendant la Guerre Froide ont compliqué l’équation des relations et créé de nouvelles sources de tensions. Ce n’est qu’à partir de 1998 que les changements de gouvernement parviennent à transformer la dominante conflictuelle des relations en une dynamique de rapprochement turco-syrien. Puis le développement économique de la région a conduit à un début d’intégration socio-économique ... jusqu’à ce que la guerre reprenne le dessus depuis la fin 2011. Cette histoire sera donc retracée sur la base d’une approche chronologique à partir des événements ayant marqué les équilibres géopolitiques régionaux, à savoir la fondation des deux États concernés (1923 pour la Turquie ; 1946 pour la Syrie) et celle d’Israël (1948), l’adhésion de la Turquie à l’OTAN (1952) et la Guerre Froide, le séparatisme kurde (1984-1998)et l’arrestation d’Abdullah Öcalan (février 1999), l’arrivée de Bachar al-Assad (2000) et de l’AKP…
Regions & Countries - Europe --- History & Archaeology --- Balkan Peninsula --- Turkey --- Syria --- Foreign relations --- Sirii︠a︡ --- Iqlīm al-Sūrī (United Arab Republic) --- Iqlīm al-Shamālī (United Arab Republic) --- Syrian Region (United Arab Republic) --- سوريا --- Sūriyā --- Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah al-Sūrīyah --- Syrian Arab Republic --- République arabe syrienne --- Sowria --- Syrie --- R.A.S. --- RAS --- Ittiḥād al-Duwal al-Sūrīyah --- Fédération des États de Syrie --- Syrische Arabische Republik --- SAR --- Suryah --- Arabska Republika Syryjska --- Syrien --- Jumhuriya al-Arabya as-Suriya --- Repubblica Araba Siriana --- جمهورية العربية السورية --- Jumhūriyyah al-ʻArabiyyah as-Sūriyyah --- Сірыя --- Siryi︠a︡ --- Сірыйская Арабская Рэспубліка --- Siryĭskai︠a︡ Arabskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Сирийската арабска република --- Siriĭskata arabska republika --- Συρία --- Αραβική Δημοκρατία της Συρίας --- Aravikē Dēmokratia tēs Syrias --- 시리아 --- Siria --- סוריה --- רפובליקה הערבית הסורית --- Republiḳah ha-ʻArvit ha-Surit --- シリア --- Shiria --- Сирия --- Сирийская Арабская Республика --- Siriĭskai︠a︡ Arabskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Сирія --- Syrii︠a︡ --- Сирійська Арабська республіка --- Syriĭsʹka Arabsʹka respublika --- 敘利亞 --- Xuliya --- United Arab Republic --- Anatolia --- Anatolie --- Ānātūlī --- Asia Minor --- Asia Minore --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Turk Uls --- Buturuki --- Cộng hoà Thỏ̂ Nhĩ Kỳ --- Dēmokratia tēs Tourkias --- Devlet-i Aliye Osmaniye --- Durka --- Durkka dásseváldi --- Gweriniaeth Twrci --- Jamhuri ya Uturuki --- Jamhuuriyada Turki --- Jumhūrīyah al-Turkīyah --- Komara Tirkiyeyê --- Lýðveldið Turkaland --- Lýðveldið Tyrkland --- Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Túrkì --- Osmanlı İmparatorluğu --- Osmanskai︠a︡ Imperii︠a︡ --- Ottoman Empire --- Pobblaght ny Turkee --- Poblacht na Tuirce --- Repóbblica d'l Turchî --- Repubbleche de Turchie --- Repubblica di Turchia --- Republic of Turkey --- Republic of Türkiye --- República da Turquia --- Republica de Turchia --- Republica de Turquía --- Republica Turcia --- Republiek Turkeye --- Republiek Turkije --- Republiek van Turkye --- Republik bu Tirki --- Republik Tierkei --- Republik Turkäi --- Republik Türkei --- Républik Turki --- Republik Turkia --- Republika e Turqisë --- Republika ng Turkiya --- Repùblika Tërecczi --- Republika Turcija --- Republika Turcji --- Republika Turcyje --- Republika Turecko --- Republika Turkiya --- Republika Turkojska --- Republika Turska --- Republika Turt︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Republiḳah ha-Ṭurḳiyah --- Republiken Turkiet --- Republikken Tyrkia --- Republikken Tyrkiet --- République de Turquie --- République turque --- Repuvlika de Turkiya --- Ripablik kya Buturuki --- Ripoliku Turkiyakondre --- T.C. (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) --- Tagduda n Tturk --- TC --- Teki --- Tëreckô --- Ṭerḳay --- Ṭerḳishe Republiḳ --- Thekhi --- Thỏ̂ Nhĩ Kỳ --- Thú-ngí-khì --- Tiakei --- Tierkei --- Tiki --- Tirki --- Tırkiya --- Tirkiye --- Ti︠u︡rk --- Ti︠u︡rk Respublika --- Ti︠u︡rkii︠a︡ --- Ti︠u︡rkii︠a︡ Respublika --- Tlacatlahtocayotl Turquia --- Tʻŏkʻi --- T'ŏk'i Konghwaguk --- Tʼóok Bikéyah --- Torkėjė --- Tȯrkiă --- Törkie --- Törkieë --- Tȯrkii︠a︡ --- Tȯrkii︠a︡ Jȯmḣu̇rii︠a︡te --- Török Köztársaság --- Törökország --- Toruko --- Toruko Kyōwakoku --- Tourkia --- Tourkikē Dēmokratia --- Tturk --- Tu er qi gong he guo --- Tū-ī-gì --- Tū-ī-gì Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók --- Tu'erqi --- Tu'erqi gong he guo --- Tu'erqi Gongheguo --- Tuirc --- Tunkī --- Turchî --- Turchia --- Turchie --- Turchy Respublikæ --- Turcia --- Turcija --- Turcijas Republika --- Turcja --- Turcland --- Turcyjo --- Turechchyna --- Turecká republika --- Turecko --- Tureke --- Turet︠s︡ka Respublika --- Turėtskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Tureuki --- Türgi --- Türgi Vabariik --- Türgü --- Türgü Vabariik --- Turk --- Turkäi --- Turkaland --- Turkamastor --- Türkän --- Turkanʹ respubliksʹ --- Turkee --- Türkei --- Turkeya --- Turkeye --- Turki --- Turkia --- Turkia Respubliko --- Turkieë --- Turkiet --- Turkii --- Tu̇rkii︠a︡ --- Tu̇rkii︠a︡ Respublikasy --- Tu̇rkiĭė --- Tu̇rkiĭė Respublikata --- Turkija --- Turkije --- Turkin tasavalta --- Turkio --- Turkiyā --- Turkiya Republika --- Türkiyä Respublikası --- Turkiyah --- Turkiyakondre --- Türkiye --- Türkiye Cumhuriyeti --- Türkiýe Respublikasy --- Turkki --- Turkojska --- Turkowska --- Turkujo --- Turkya --- Turkyah --- Turkye --- Turqia --- Turquía --- Turquie (Repupblic) --- Turska --- Turtchie --- Turt︠s︡i --- Turt︠s︡i Respubliki --- Turt︠s︡iĭ --- Turt︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Turtsyi︠a︡ --- Turukiya --- Tuykia --- Twrci --- Tyrkia --- Tyrkiet --- Tyrkland --- Tẏrt︠s︡i --- Uturuki --- Vysokai︠a︡ Porta --- Whenua Korukoru --- Τουρκική Δημοκρατία --- Τουρκία --- Δημοκρατία της Τουρκίας --- Република Турска --- Република Турция --- Република Турција --- Турска --- Турцыя --- Турци --- Турци Республики --- Турция --- Турција --- Турций --- Турція --- Турчы Республикæ --- Турэцкая Рэспубліка --- Турк --- Туркань республиксь --- Туркамастор --- Турецька Республіка --- Турецка Республіка --- Турецкая Республика --- Туреччина --- Тюрк --- Тюрк Республика --- Тюркия --- Тюркия Республика --- רפובליקה הטורקית --- תורכיה --- טערקישע רעפובליק --- טערקיי --- טורקיה --- تركيا --- جمهورية التركية --- トルコ --- トルコ共和国 --- 土耳其 --- 土耳其共和國 --- 터키 --- 터키 공화국 --- relations diplomatiques --- fleuves internationaux --- minorité kurde --- construction identitaire --- guerre civile syrienne --- coopération policière --- PKK --- minorités confessionnelles --- nationalisme arabe --- politique étrangère turque --- Turquie --- projet GAP
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