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The development of civilization entails the need to find new technological solutions leading to products with new properties. Allies in these efforts are microorganisms that have developed skills to synthesize products with properties of interest to the industry, environmental remediation or water treatment. The evolution of the omics approaches brought new tools to explore the microbial diversity and microorganisms’ potential. These new methodological approaches are readily used in both industrial and environmental microbiology. This Special Issue collects research papers as well as review articles addressing recent advances on applied and environmental microbiology. The review articles critically discuss the importance of biopolymers, specifically xanthan gum, to improve soil properties and the importance that microorganisms of poorly explored environments, such as caves, may have in the production of new bioactive compounds. The microbiological aspects of wastewater treatment and occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater and sludge are studied in two research papers. These works demonstrate the effect that treatment conditions may have in the modulation of the water bacterial communities and how treated wastewater may impact the receiving environment in terms of pollution with antibiotic resistance genes. Additionally, the influence that an invasive species (alligator weed) may have on wetlands organic matter accumulation and bacterial communities was studied, being demonstrated that the presence of the invasive weed affects the wetland microhabitat both in terms of organic matter content and bacterial communities structure.

Alternanthera philoxeroide --- bacterial composition --- organic matter --- wetland --- antibiotic resistance --- wastewater --- WWTP --- ARGs --- sulfonamides --- fluoroquinolones --- intermittent aeration --- TSS-rich meat-processing wastewater --- extracellular polymeric substances --- complete denitrification --- microbial structure --- karst --- methane --- carbon dioxide --- greenhouse gases --- methanotrophy --- cave bacteria --- bioactive compounds --- geotechnical engineering --- microbiology --- biopolymer --- bioclogging --- xanthan gum --- soil improvement --- n/a

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Sausages are privileged foods due to their diversity, nutritional value, deep roots in the culture of the peoples and economic importance. In order to increase the knowledge and to improve the quality and safety of these foods, an intense research activity was developed from the early decades of the past century. This book includes ten research works and a review showing important and interesting advances and new approaches in most of the research topics related to sausages. After an editorial of the Editor reflecting the aims and contents of the book, the initial five chapters deal with microbiological issues of the sausage manufacture (characterization and study of the bacterial communities of sausages, study of the metabolism and the technological and safety characteristics of concrete microbial strains, and use of starter cultures to improve the sausage quality). Chemical hazards also receive some attention in this book with a chapter on the optimization of the smoking process of traditional dry-cured meat products to minimize the presence of PAHs. The partial or total replacement of the traditional ingredients in sausages with unconventional raw materials for the obtaining of novel and varied products are the subject of three chapters. Next, a chapter is dedicated to another interesting topic, the search and the essay of natural substitutes for synthetic additives due to the increasing interest of consumers in healthier meat products. The book ends with an interesting review on the safety, quality and analytical authentication of halāl meat products, with particular emphasis on salami.

meat products --- antioxidant --- antimicrobials --- shelf-life --- plant extracts --- pomegranate --- cured meat products --- smoking --- chemical hazards --- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) --- food safety --- food quality --- lactic acid bacteria --- fermented sausages --- ecology --- breed --- breeding system --- dried Chinese sausage --- fat replacement --- mango peel pectin --- microwave-assisted extraction technique --- Italian-type salami --- ostrich meat --- sodium reduction --- fat reduction --- starter cultures --- meat processing --- probiotic --- dry fermented sausages --- healthy meats --- lactobacillus --- Lactobacillus sakei --- sugar metabolism --- amino acid metabolism --- 1H-NMR --- flow cytometry --- ḥalāl salami --- ḥalāl assurance --- authenticity --- staphylococci --- fermented meats --- high-throughput sequencing --- microbiota --- food reformulation --- healthy meat product --- game meat --- fatty acids --- volatile compounds --- sensory properties --- Galician chorizo --- Staphylococcus equorum --- Staphylococcus saprophyticus --- physicochemical characteristics --- free amino acids --- free fatty acids --- biogenic amines --- n/a --- ḥalāl salami --- ḥalāl assurance