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Book
The Body as Object and Instrument of Knowledge
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9789048136858 9789048136865 9789048136995 9789400732018 Year: 2010 Publisher: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands

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Abstract

It was in 1660s England, according to the received view, in the Royal Society of London, that science acquired the form of empirical enquiry we recognize as our own: an open, collaborative experimental practice, mediated by specially-designed instruments, supported by civil discourse, stressing accuracy and replicability. Guided by the philosophy of Francis Bacon, by Protestant ideas of thisworldly benevolence, by gentlemanly codes of decorum and by a dominant interest in mechanics and the mechanical structure of the universe, the members of the Royal Society created a novel experimental practice that superseded former modes of empirical inquiry, from Aristotelian observations to alchemical experimentation. This volume focuses on the development of empiricism as an interest in the body - as both the object of research and the subject of experience. Re-embodying empiricism shifts the focus of interest to the ˜life sciences'; medicine, physiology, natural history. In fact, many of the active members of the Royal Society were physicians, and a significant number of those, disciples of William Harvey and through him, inheritors of the empirical anatomy practices developed in Padua during the 16th century. Indeed, the primary research interests of the early Royal Society were concentrated on the body, human and animal, and its functions much more than on mechanics. Similarly, the Académie des Sciences directly contradicted its self-imposed mandate to investigate Nature in mechanistic fashion, devoting a significant portion of its Mémoires to questions concerning life, reproduction and monsters, consulting empirical botanists, apothecaries and chemists, and keeping closer to experience than to the Cartesian standards of well-founded knowledge. These highlighted empirical studies of the body, were central in a workshop in the beginning of 2009 organized by the unit for History and Philosophy of Science in Sydney. The papers that were presented by some of the leading figures in this area are presented in this volume.

Micro-Tomographic Atlas of the Mouse Skeleton
Authors: --- --- --- ---
ISBN: 1281148288 9786611148287 0387392580 0387392548 9780387392547 9780387392585 Year: 2007 Publisher: Boston, MA Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Micro-Tomographic Atlas of the Mouse Skeleton Professor Itai Bab, Chief, Bone Laboratory, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel Professor Ralph Müller, Director, Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, ETH Zürich, Switzerland Micro-Tomographic Atlas of the Mouse Skeleton serves as an essential guide containing unique systematic description of all calcified components of the mouse. This detailed atlas fulfils an emerging need for high resolution anatomical details as mice become a standard laboratory animal in skeletal research and the use of m CT technology is rapidly increasing as a key analytical tool in the study of bone. Key Features: Includes over 200 high resolution, two- and three dimensional m CT images of the exterior and interiors of all bones and joints Offers the spatial relationship of individual bones within complex skeletal units (e.g., skull, thorax, pelvis, extremities). All images are accompanied by detailed explanatory text that highlights special features and newly reported structures. Available for the first time in the Atlas: Detailed information on the micro-anatomy of the murine skeleton essential for the design of experiments and interpretation of results Comparative analyses on m CT-based morphometric parameters at the whole bone, cortical and trabecular levels including: Age differences (4-40 weeks) Gender differences Differences between main mouse strains (C57Bl/6J, SJL, C3H) Micro-Tomographic Atlas of the Mouse Skeleton offers a practical, comprehensive desk reference for all scientists and students interested in skeletal biology.


Book
Matter and mind : a philosophical inquiry.
Author:
ISBN: 9789048192243 9789048192250 9789400732964 9789048192267 Year: 2010 Volume: 287 Publisher: New York Springer

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This book discusses two of the oldest and hardest problems in both science and philosophy: What is matter?, and What is mind? A reason for tackling both problems in a single book is that two of the most influential views in modern philosophy are that the universe is mental (idealism), and that the everything real is material (materialism). Most of the thinkers who espouse a materialist view of mind have obsolete ideas about matter, whereas those who claim that science supports idealism have not explained how the universe could have existed before humans emerged. Besides, both groups tend to ignore the other levels of existence chemical, biological, social, and technological. If such levels and the concomitant emergence processes are ignored, the physicalism/spiritualism dilemma remains unsolved, whereas if they are included, the alleged mysteries are shown to be problems that science is treating successfully.

Integrative physiology in the proteomics and post-genomics age
Author:
ISBN: 9781588293152 1588293157 9781592599257 1592599257 9786610359066 1280359064 Year: 2005 Publisher: Totowa Humana Press

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The advent of molecular techniques has shifted the focus of physiology from its traditional role as an integrative science concerned with the study of regulatory mechanisms leading to adaptation and homeostasis, to a field preoccupied with the problems and challenges inherent in those techniques. In Integrative Physiology in the Proteomics and Post-Genomics Age, internationally recognized researchers highlight the major questions and accomplishments of modern physiological research and demonstrate that modern molecular methods can well be incorporated and strengthen the original integrative perspectives of physiology set out by Claude Bernard's concept of the "milieu interieur." Among the critical issues discussed are the place of functional genomics in regulatory physiology, the role of model systems in integrative physiology, the function of neural circuits in behavior and consciousness, and the influence of external challenges to the whole body and the environment on genes. The question of integrative physiology in curriculum design for the health sciences is also discussed. Perceptive and timely, Integrative Physiology in the Proteomics and Post-Genomics Age bridges the gap between molecular biology and whole body function, establishing the future of physiology as an integrative science based on new molecular insights.

Handbook of experimental pharmacology
Authors: --- ---
ISSN: 01712004 ISBN: 9783540297154 9783540249672 3540249672 3642063969 9786610618828 1280618825 3540297154 Volume: v. 171 Publisher: Berlin

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Incorporating the information related to mechanisms and treatment of cardiac arrhythmia, this book discusses genetics of arrhythmias, cell signalling molecules as potential therapeutic targets and trafficking to the membrane. These approaches and implementations of anti-arrhythmic therapy derive from many decades of research.


Book
Incisional Hernia
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 9788847007222 8847007216 9788847007215 9786612364648 1282364642 8847007224 Year: 2008 Publisher: Milano Springer Milan

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Incisional hernia surgery has witnessed an important progress over the last years, not only as far as the pathophysiological and etiopathogenetic aspects are concerned, but also from a technical point of view. Thanks to the recent findings on genetical disorders of the collagen, incisional hernia is today considered a true "disease of the abdominal wall". Surgeons need to be aware of all the different repairing techniques, in order to make an elective choice and to keep side effects and recidives under control. Today, on the basis of the most recent research on synthesis of collagen and collagenolysis, the treatment of the incisional hernia should not disregard the use of synthetic prostheses and of biomaterials, both in the routinal surgical practice and in the most complex clinical cases. Surgeons, surgical residents, and medical students will find this volume very useful in their daily practice.

Fetal and neonatal pathology
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9781846287435 1846285240 9781846285240 9786612930898 1282930893 184628743X Year: 2007 Publisher: London : Springer,

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Fetal and Neonatal Pathology is the Fourth Edition of what has become the classic reference in the field of fetal and neonatal pathology. Fully revised and up-dated, the book retains the overall format of previous editions, presenting the same practical approach to the examination of both fetuses and perinatal deaths. It provides essential clinical and pathophysiological information and discusses the pathogenesis of abnormalities as a basis for appropriate methods of investigation. Part 1 deals with the examination of the products of conception after the termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies. The range of pathological abnormalities is described and their relevance discussed. Special attention is paid to the differences in pathological findings of specific conditions between the second and third trimesters. Part 2 is organised by system, describing and illustrating those pathological problems which are likely to be encountered in the fetus and neonate. Each chapter is introduced by a concise account of the development of the relevant system. There is also a discussion, as appropriate, of changes at birth as well as changes in normal function that may occur during the neonatal period. Fetal and Neonatal Pathology, while primarily addressing the morbid anatomist and histopathologist, also provides a valuable source of reference for obstetricians, neonatologists and paediatricians. Its value as a working tool is enhanced by effective cross-referencing, by chapter and page number, and a detailed index.

Keywords

Medicine & Public Health. --- Pathology. --- Obstetrics/Perinatology. --- Pediatrics. --- Anatomy. --- Medicine. --- Human anatomy. --- Obstetrics. --- Médecine --- Anatomie humaine --- Obstétrique --- Pathologie --- Pédiatrie --- Autopsy -- Methods. --- Congenital Abnormalities -- Pathology. --- Fetal Diseases -- Pathology. --- Fetus -- Abnormalities. --- Fetus -- Diseases. --- Fetus -- Pathophysiology. --- Infant, Newborn, Diseases -- Pathology. --- Newborn infants -- Diseases. --- Pediatric pathology. --- Fetus --- Newborn infants --- Pediatric pathology --- Fetal Diseases --- Congenital Abnormalities --- Autopsy --- Infant, Newborn, Diseases --- Pathology --- Methods --- Investigative Techniques --- Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities --- Medicine --- Forensic Medicine --- Pregnancy Complications --- Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Diseases --- Health Occupations --- Forensic Sciences --- Criminology --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Social Sciences --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Gynecology & Obstetrics --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Abnormalities --- Pathophysiology --- Diseases. --- Abnormalities. --- Pathophysiology. --- Fetal pathophysiology --- Fetal physiopathology --- Embryopathies --- Physiopathology --- Abnormities and deformities --- Physiology, Pathological --- Abnormalities, Human --- Pregnancy --- Complications --- Obstetrics/Perinatology/Midwifery. --- Anatomy, Human --- Anatomy --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Human body --- Disease (Pathology) --- Medicine, Preventive --- Paediatrics --- Pediatric medicine --- Children --- Maternal-fetal medicine --- Health and hygiene


Book
Sepsis
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 9781846289392 1846289386 9781846289385 9786612364723 1282364723 1846289394 Year: 2008 Publisher: London Springer London

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Sepsis is a multi-factorial disease process and this volume provides comprehensive and in-depth reviews of both the basic science and more practical aspects of patient management. These include detailed information on the epidemiology and genetics of sepsis as well as the metabolic and cardiovascular responses to infection. Infectious disease, in relation to sepsis, is well covered including chapters on unusual/exotic infections, control of infection and the rational use of antibiotics. Haematological aspects of sepsis are also reviewed in detail. Further chapters focus on the currently controversial areas of clinical trial design in sepsis and protocol-driven care. A specific chapter, with illustrated cases, draws practical lessons and offers useful management "tips". The patient with sepsis provides a major challenge to the hospital acute team and septic shock is the commonest cause of admission to General Critical Care Units in the industrialised world. The incidence of sepsis is also increasing, in part due to the more complex patient case mix which is a feature of modern hospital practice. This volume is useful to both trainees in Critical Care and Anaesthesia as well as Infectious Disease and General Medical trainees. It also provides qualified practitioners in these fields with a comprehensive resource on sepsis-related topics.

Keywords

Medicine & Public Health. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. --- Anatomy. --- Dermatology. --- Pneumology/Respiratory System. --- Medicine. --- Human anatomy. --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Pneumology. --- Médecine --- Anatomie humaine --- Dermatologie --- Maladies infectieuses émergentes --- Bloodborne infections. --- Sepsis. --- Septicemia. --- Septicemia --- Infection --- Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome --- Inflammation --- Bacterial Infections and Mycoses --- Pathologic Processes --- Diseases --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Sepsis --- Law - Non-U.S. --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Law, Politics & Government --- Infectious Diseases --- Law - Africa, Asia, Pacific & Antarctica --- Blood-borne diseases --- Blood-borne infections --- Bloodborne diseases --- Bloodborne infection --- Blood poisoning --- Poisoning, Blood --- Septicaemia --- Health promotion. --- Infectious diseases. --- Respiratory organs --- Diseases. --- Respiratory diseases --- Health promotion programs --- Health promotion services --- Promotion of health --- Wellness programs --- Preventive health services --- Health education --- Skin --- Anatomy, Human --- Anatomy --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Human body --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Communicable diseases --- Blood --- Transmission --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Health Workforce --- Respiratory organs—Diseases.


Book
Comparative skeletal anatomy : a photographic atlas for medical examiners, coroners, forensic anthropologists, and archaeologists
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9781597451321 1588298442 9781588298447 1597451320 9786612824296 1282824295 Year: 2008 Publisher: Totowa, N.J. : ©2008 Humana,

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Forensic scientists working with human skeletal remains must be able to differentiate between human and non-human bones. Comparative Skeletal Anatomy: A Photographic Atlas for Medical Examiners, Coroners, Forensic Anthropologists, and Archaeologists fills a void in the literature by providing a comprehensive photographic guide of both human and non-human bones that is useful to those working in the fields of archaeology or the forensic sciences. This volume is a photographic atlas of common animal bones and is the first to focus comparatively on both human and animal osteology. Throughout this groundbreaking text, animal bones are photographed alongside the corresponding human bone, allowing the reader to observe size and shape variations. The goal of this guide is to help experienced archaeologists and forensic scientists distinguish human remains from common animal species, including horses, cows, goats, rabbits, chickens, ducks, sheep, and pigs, among others. Comprehensive and timely, Comparative Skeletal Anatomy: A Photographic Atlas for Medical Examiners, Coroners, Forensic Anthropologists, and Archaeologists is sure to become an essential reference for all forensic scientists and archeologists working with human skeletal remains.


Book
Dental Perspectives on Human Evolution: State of the Art Research in Dental Paleoanthropology
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9781402058455 9781402058448 1402058446 1402058454 9048174554 9786611338985 1281338982 Year: 2007 Publisher: Dordrecht Springer

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S. E. BAILEY Department of Human Evolution Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Deutscher Platz 6 D-04103 Leipzig, Germany and Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, 25 Waverly Place New York, NY 10003, USA sbailey@nyu. edu J. -J. HUBLIN Department of Human Evolution Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Deutscher Platz 6 D-04103 Leipzig, Germany hublin@eva. mpg. de When faced with choosing a topic to as teeth represent, by far, the most abundant be the focus of the first symposium material documenting different species of in Human Evolution at the Max Planck extinct non-human primates and hominins. As Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in such, much of what we know about non- Leipzig, a paleoanthropological perspective human primate and hominin evolution is based of dental anthropology was a natural choice. on teeth. Teeth make up a disproportionate number Teeth have been a focus of interest for of the fossils discovered. They represent physical anthropologists over many gen- strongly mineralized organs of compact shape, ations. Teeth provide a multitude of which allow better preservation in geological information about humans – including deposits and archaeological sites than any cultural treatment, pathology, morphological other part of the skeleton. As a result, variation, and development. The presence of since the discoveries of the first fossils of culturally induced wear (toothpick grooves, extinct species, vertebrate paleontology has for example) reveals something about what been built primarily on analyses of teeth.

Keywords

beeldverwerking --- Computer. Automation --- Ethnology. Cultural anthropology --- stomatologie --- Human anatomy --- vormgeving --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- simulaties --- Stomatology --- anatomie --- Teeth --- Human evolution. --- Teeth, Fossil. --- Paleoanthropology. --- Evolution (Biology). --- Dental anthropology. --- Animals. --- Humans. --- Fossils. --- Paleodontology. --- Paleodontology --- Tooth --- Tooth Wear. --- Anatomy, Comparative. --- Evolution. --- Primates. --- Hominidae. --- Biological Evolution. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE --- Methods. --- Anatomy & histology. --- Anthropology --- Physical. --- Anthropology. --- Life sciences. --- Paleontology . --- Human anatomy. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Paleontology. --- Anatomy. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Anatomy, Human --- Anatomy --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Human body --- Fossilogy --- Fossilology --- Palaeontology --- Paleontology, Zoological --- Paleozoology --- Historical geology --- Zoology --- Fossils --- Prehistoric animals in motion pictures --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Human beings --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Primitive societies --- Social sciences --- Dental anthropology --- Evolution (Biology) --- Human evolution --- Paleoanthropology --- Teeth, Fossil

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