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This comprehensive reference work presents an in-depth analysis on the juvenile justice systems of 19 different countries, both in EU-member states (old and new) and in the United States and Canada. The book is the result of research conducted by a group of outstanding scholars working in the field of juvenile justice. The book reflects a collective concern about trends in juvenile justice over the past two decades; trends that have begun to blur the difference between criminal and juvenile justice. The last chapter highlights similarities and differences between the various systems, identifying three clusters of countries with a similar approach to juvenile justice. In particular, differences are found between the Anglo-Saxon countries, and continental Europe. The former have a more formal "justice" approach, with a strong emphasis on the accountability of juveniles, "just desert" principles, and retribution, while the latter still operate on a "welfare" philosophy. Two special systems, the Scottish Hearing system and the Scandinavian model, are presented as well.

Fungal viruses --- Fungi --- Congresses. --- Genetics --- Criminal Law. --- Juvenile delinquency -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Juvenile justice, Administration of -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Juvenile crime --- Administration of juvenile justice --- Social sciences. --- Criminal law. --- Criminology. --- Social Sciences. --- Criminology & Criminal Justice. --- Juvenile justice, Administration of --- Juvenile delinquency --- Delinquency, Juvenile --- Conduct disorders in children --- Crime --- Juvenile corrections --- Reformatories --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Law and legislation --- Criminology and Criminal Justice, general. --- Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Law. --- Crimes and misdemeanors --- Criminals --- Law, Criminal --- Penal codes --- Penal law --- Pleas of the crown --- Public law --- Criminal procedure --- Social sciences --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Study and teaching

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Fractures are a common finding in children and it is estimated that 2.1% of all children will suffer at least one fracture before the age of 16. With young children in particular, the question may arise if this is related to child abuse. The aim of this book is to help physicians involved in child abuse cases to interpret radiological findings in light of the forensic circumstances under which they occurred. The authors present up-to-date literature related to the mechanisms underlying non-accidental cases of trauma. In this book not only the radiological findings in child-abuse are discussed, but more importantly, these findings are analyzed from a forensic perspective. Careful attention is paid to evidence regarding reported trauma mechanisms and their clinical outcome; for example, can a fall from a couch result in a femoral fracture, and if not, where is the supporting evidence?

Medicine & Public Health. --- Imaging / Radiology. --- Forensic Medicine. --- Pediatrics. --- Emergency Medicine. --- Criminal Law. --- Medicine. --- Emergency medicine. --- Medical radiology --- Médecine --- Médecine d'urgence --- Radiologie médicale --- Pédiatrie --- Dental hygiene. --- Fractures in children --- Forensic radiography --- Musculoskeletal system --- Child Welfare --- Domestic Violence --- Medicine --- Diseases --- Age Groups --- Forensic Sciences --- Health Occupations --- Social Welfare --- Persons --- Violence --- Criminology --- Forensic Medicine --- Child Abuse --- Child --- Fractures, Bone --- Wounds and Injuries --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Named Groups --- Sociology --- Social Sciences --- Crime --- Social Problems --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Surgery & Anesthesiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Surgery - General and By Type --- Radiology, MRI, Ultrasonography & Medical Physics --- Mechanical properties --- Kindergeneeskunde --- Kinderorthopedie --- Gerechtelijke geneeskunde --- barnemishandling --- pediatri --- beinbrudd --- barn --- ulykker --- radiologi --- rettspatologi --- Fractures in children. --- Forensic radiography. --- Mechanical properties. --- Child abuse --- Forensic pathology. --- Investigation. --- Pathology, Forensic --- Forensic medicine. --- Radiology. --- Criminal law. --- Crimes and misdemeanors --- Criminals --- Law, Criminal --- Penal codes --- Penal law --- Pleas of the crown --- Public law --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Criminal procedure --- Paediatrics --- Pediatric medicine --- Children --- Radiological physics --- Physics --- Radiation --- Forensic medicine --- Injuries (Law) --- Jurisprudence, Medical --- Legal medicine --- Forensic sciences --- Medical laws and legislation --- Medicine, Emergency --- Critical care medicine --- Disaster medicine --- Medical emergencies --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Health and hygiene --- Medical jurisprudence --- Coroners --- Medical examiners (Law) --- Criminal investigation --- Wounds and injuries --- Radiology, Medical. --- Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Law. --- Clinical radiology --- Radiology, Medical --- Radiology (Medicine) --- Medical physics --- Medical jurisprudence.