Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Reperfusion Injury --- Ischemia --- Reperfusion --- Free Radicals --- Kidney --- prevention & control --- surgery --- methods --- metabolism --- drug effects

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Atherosclerosis. --- drug therapy

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Varicose veins. --- Surgery

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Relations internationales. --- Politique et gouvernement --- Pouvoir (sciences sociales) --- Chine --- Relations

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This master's thesis examines the interplay between sovereignty and solidarity within the European Union's (EU) Energy Union, focusing on how member states adapt their energy mixes and transnational energy infrastructure in response to EU strategies, particularly amidst the geopolitical challenges posed by the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. The research aims to address two primary questions: why some member states can diversify their energy sources and invest in infrastructure more rapidly than others, and whether coalitions in the Council of the EU reflect these differences in reducing dependency on Russian fossil fuels. The theoretical framework is grounded in Bocquillon and Maltby's concept of 'embedded intergovernmentalism', which highlights the dominant role of national governments in EU energy policy, while acknowledging the influence of supranational institutions like the European Commission and European Parliament in monitoring and advocating for more ambitious energy objectives. The study adopts a geostrategic perspective on energy politics, diverging from a purely market-driven approach. Methodologically, the thesis employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative analysis of EU legislative and strategic frameworks with quantitative data on the historical evolution of member states' energy mixes and their dependency on Russian energy imports. Key EU policies analysed include the Green Deal, REPowerEU, and the Trans-European Networks for Energy (TEN-E) regulations. Additionally, the study explores the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) as a case of multilateral energy governance and the complex legal landscape shaped by the Treaty of Lisbon. Findings indicate significant variation among member states in their capacity and willingness to adapt their energy policies in line with EU strategies. Countries with lower dependency on Russian fossil fuels, such as Denmark, Estonia, and Sweden, have more readily diversified their energy sources and invested in renewable energy. In contrast, nations with higher dependency, such as Germany and Hungary, face greater challenges in reducing their reliance on Russian energy. The research also identifies a clear divide within the Council of the EU, with pro-nuclear and anti-nuclear coalitions influencing the direction of energy policy. The thesis concludes that while EU strategies play a critical role in shaping member states' energy policies, national sovereignty remains a significant factor, leading to varied responses and coalitions within the EU. These findings underscore the inherent tension between the principles of solidarity and sovereignty in EU energy governance and highlight the need for more coordinated and cohesive policies to address energy security and climate change.