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Transnational civil society networks have become increasingly important democratizing actors in global politics. Still, the exploration of democracy in such networks remains conceptually and methodologically challenging. Practice theory provides a framework to study democracy as routinized performances even in contexts of fluid boundaries, temporal relations and a diffuse constituency. The author attempts to understand how new forms of democratic practice emerge in the interaction between political actors and their structural environments.

deliberation --- democracy --- transnationalism --- Civil society --- Decision-making --- Friends of the Earth --- Participatory democracy --- Representative democracy

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"Voting advice applications (VAA) have supported Finnish voters for over 20 years in their voting decisions in general elections. Most Finnish VAAs are planned and provided by the media, and they are based on matching opinions of individual candidates with an individual VAA users before elections. Nowadays, in Finland, VAAs are important for almost all age groups. Among the youngest voters VAAs are viewed as the most important source of information to support voting decisions.The book provides up-to-date and comprehensive picture over the role and significance of VAAs in the Finnish political system and in the political communication arena. Research topics deal also with VAA journalism and how candidates perceive VAAs. Research data and data materials in use are wide-ranging. They range from survey data sets to questions of VAAs and from interviews of candidates and VAA producers to media content about VAAs. Theoretical research questions are mostly related to the democratic value of VAAs. This perspective is central also in the end of the book, which opens possible future pathways for the VAAs." "Vaalikoneilla on Suomessa yli 20 vuoden historia. Suurin osa suomalaisista vaalikoneista on median toteuttamia ehdokasvaalikoneita. Niiden merkitys vaalitiedon lähteenä on kohonnut maassamme merkittäväksi lähes kaikissa äänioikeutettujen ikäryhmissä. Nuorimmille äänestäjille vaalikoneet ovat jo merkittävin äänestyspäätösten tietolähde.Teos tarjoaa ajantasaisen ja kattavan kuvan vaalikoneiden nykyisestä asemasta suomalaisessa poliittisessa järjestelmässä ja viestintäkentässä. Uusia tutkimuksellisia näkökulmia ovat vaalikonejournalismi sekä ehdokkaiden näkemykset vaalikoneista. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu valitsijakyselyistä, vaalikoneiden analyysista, vaalikoneita koskevista uutisista sekä ehdokkaiden, kampanjavastaavien ja vaalikoneiden tekijöiden haastatteluista. Kirja lähestyy vaalikoneita erilaisista demokratianäkökohdista ja pohtii laajasti myös vaalikoneiden kehittämismahdollisuuksia."

voting advice applications --- journalism --- representative democracy --- elections --- voting --- Finland --- vaalikoneet --- käyttö --- äänestäminen --- vaalit --- media --- uutisointi --- poliittinen journalismi --- edustuksellinen demokratia --- Suomi

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A review of the history of the United States from its colonial origins shows how Americas successful development has always been guided by two basic principles: representative democracy, and a proper division of power between national and subnational governments. The United States of America was established as an independent nation by a congress of delegates from 13 provincial assemblies, each of which consisted of representatives elected by their communities. Since colonial times, local democratic rights have attracted immigrants to help build new towns in the growing nation. Responsible local governments in America have had the power and the incentive to make local public investments for developing prosperous communities. Democratic competition in America has been strengthened by the ability of successful local leaders to become competitive candidates for higher offices. But in spite of Americas example, many nations since the French Revolution have instead been drawn to centralized democracy, as national elites may prefer to centralize power around themselves. Americas successful growth ultimately depended on its citizens basic understanding that their welfare and security were enhanced by a balanced federal division of power between their elected local governments and the higher sovereign government of their nation.

Autocracy --- Autonomy --- Bank --- Bribes --- By elections --- Candidates --- Citizens --- Committees --- Complaints --- Confidence --- Democracy --- Democratic development --- Development policy --- Diplomats --- Elected representatives --- Election --- Equal partners --- Federal government --- Franchise --- Global development --- Governance --- Government --- Government officials --- Governor --- Health, nutrition and population --- Human rights --- Immigrant --- Law --- Leadership --- Legal protection --- Legal rights --- Legislators --- Local governments --- Local representatives --- Majorities --- Minister --- Nation --- National government --- National leaders --- National level --- Officials --- Old regime --- Oligarchy --- Organizations --- Parliament --- Parliamentary government --- Patronage --- Policy --- Policy discussions --- Policy research --- Policy research working paper --- Political decentralization --- Political influence --- Political opposition --- Political power --- Political settlements --- Political support --- Political system --- Political traditions --- Politicians --- Politics --- Politics and government --- Popular support --- Population --- Population policies --- Progress --- Public sector corruption and anticorruption measures --- Public sector development --- Public service --- Representative democracy --- Representative government --- Representatives --- Resolution --- Right to vote --- Rights --- Service --- Slavery --- Sovereignty --- State government --- Strategy --- Universal human rights --- War

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Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- verlichting --- Philosophy and psychology of culture --- politieke filosofie --- anno 1700-1799 --- Western world --- Enlightenment --- Lumières (Philosophie) --- Lumières [Siècle des ] --- Siècle des Lumières --- Verlichting (Filosofie) --- Histoire --- Démocratie représentative --- Geschiedenis --- Representatieve democratie --- Culture --- Philosophy --- repræsentativt demokrati --- predstavnička demokracija --- netiešā demokrātija --- zastupitelská demokracie --- esindusdemokraatia --- претставничка демократија --- democracia representativa --- democrazia rappresentativa --- zastupiteľská demokracia --- predstavniška demokracija --- repräsentative Demokratie --- αντιπροσωπευτική δημοκρατία --- democrație reprezentativă --- representatieve democratie --- demokracja przedstawicielska --- representative democracy --- representativ demokrati --- edustuksellinen demokratia --- demokraci përfaqësuese --- képviseleti demokrácia --- daonlathas ionadaíoch --- представителна демокрация --- atstovaujamoji demokratija --- представничка демократија --- demokrazija rappreżentattiva --- reprezentativna demokracija --- parlamentaarne demokraatia --- demokracja pośrednia --- démocratie indirecte --- democrazia indiretta --- parlamentaarinen demokratia --- parlamentinė demokratija --- démocratie parlementaire --- индиректна демократија --- parlamentáris demokrácia --- posredna demokracija --- έμμεση δημοκρατία --- democracia parlamentar --- demokracja parlamentarna --- democracia parlamentaria --- democrazia parlamentare --- parlamentarna demokracija --- parlementarisk demokrati --- democracia indireta --- indirekt demokrati --- parlementaire democratie --- indirekte Demokratie --- parlamentāra demokrātija --- parlamentarische Demokratie --- репрезентативна демократија --- democrație indirectă --- посредна демократија --- парламентарна демокрация --- indirect democracy --- közvetett demokrácia --- democrație parlamentară --- demokrazija parlamentari --- mittelbare Demokratie --- democracia indirecta --- parlamentarisk demokrati --- indirecte democratie --- demokraci parlamentare --- κοινοβουλευτική δημοκρατία --- netiesioginė demokratija --- parlamentná demokracia --- välillinen demokratia --- indirekte demokrati --- parlamentní demokracie --- demokrazija indiretta --- парламентарна демократија --- nepriama demokracia --- demokraci e tërthortë --- nepřímá demokracie --- parliamentary democracy --- непряка демокрация --- História --- ιστορία --- storja --- histori --- historie --- historia --- história --- история --- stair --- geschiedenis --- történettudomány --- povijest --- zgodovina --- history --- историја --- Geschichtswissenschaft --- storia --- istorija --- ajalugu --- vēsture --- istorie --- Geschichte --- historiografie --- storiografia --- dějiny národů --- historiador --- dějepis --- historická věda --- történelem --- Démocratie représentative

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How central banks and independent regulators can support rather than challenge constitutional democracyUnelected Power lays out the principles needed to ensure that central bankers and other independent regulators act as stewards of the common good. Blending economics, political theory, and public law, this critically important book explores the necessary conditions for delegated but politically insulated power to be legitimate in the eyes of constitutional democracy and the rule of law. It explains why the solution must fit with how real-world government is structured, and why technocrats and their political overseers need incentives to make the system work as intended. Now with a new preface by Paul Tucker, Unelected Power explains how the regulatory state need not be a fourth branch of government free to steer by its own lights, and how central bankers can emulate the best of judicial self-restraint.

Banks and banking --- State supervision. --- Accountability. --- Adjudication. --- Administrative law. --- Balance sheet. --- Bank for International Settlements. --- Bank of England. --- Bank. --- Basic law. --- Central bank. --- Civil service. --- Committee. --- Consideration. --- Constitutionalism. --- Contract. --- Cost–benefit analysis. --- Crisis management. --- Criticism. --- De facto. --- Deliberation. --- Democracy. --- Democratic deficit. --- Discretion. --- Due process. --- Economic policy. --- Economics. --- Economist. --- Economy. --- Election. --- Executive (government). --- Executive agency. --- Financial crisis. --- Financial institution. --- Financial intermediary. --- Financial regulation. --- Fiscal policy. --- Governance. --- Government agency. --- Government bond. --- Government failure. --- Government. --- Inflation. --- Institution. --- Interest rate. --- Job security. --- Judicial independence. --- Judiciary. --- Jurisdiction. --- Lawmaking. --- Legislation. --- Legislator. --- Legislature. --- Legitimacy (political). --- Legitimation. --- Lender of last resort. --- Liberal democracy. --- Liberalism. --- Macroeconomics. --- Market economy. --- Market liquidity. --- Monetary Policy Committee. --- Monetary authority. --- Monetary policy. --- Nondelegation doctrine. --- Ordinary law. --- Policy. --- Political economy. --- Political party. --- Political philosophy. --- Political science. --- Politician. --- Politics. --- Primary and secondary legislation. --- Principal–agent problem. --- Principles (retailer). --- Provision (contracting). --- Public administration. --- Public consultation. --- Public policy. --- Regime. --- Regulation. --- Regulatory agency. --- Regulatory capture. --- Regulatory state. --- Representative democracy. --- Requirement. --- Rule of law. --- Separation of powers. --- Social cost. --- State of emergency. --- Statute. --- Supply (economics). --- Tax. --- Technocracy. --- The Administrative State. --- Trade-off. --- Treaty. --- Uncertainty. --- Veto. --- Voting. --- Welfare.