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Book
Alphaherpesviruses : molecular virology
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ISBN: 9781904455769 Year: 2011 Publisher: Norfolk : Caister Academic Press,

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Alpha herpesviruses : molecular and cellular biology
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ISBN: 1904455093 9781904455097 Year: 2006 Publisher: Norfolk : Caister Academic Press,

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Varicella-zoster virus
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ISBN: 3642127274 9786612979743 1282979744 3642127282 Year: 2010 Publisher: Heidelberg : Springer,

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Varicella-zoster virus is a common human pathogen that causes varicella (chickenpox), establishes latency in sensory nerve ganglia and can reactivate many years later as herpes zoster. Although the VZV genome is the smallest of the human herpesviruses, VZV genes encode at least 70 proteins. Molecular epidemiologic approaches based on genomic sequencing have documented the global distribution of VZV in distinct clades that reflect patterns of human migration. Contemporary molecular methods are making it possible to dissect how VZV gene products support the viral life cycle, including those that are necessary for viral replication, virion assembly and egress as well as those that permit take over of the host cell by modulating cell cycle regulation, survival and intrinsic antiviral responses. Progress is also being made in understanding the events in VZV pathogenesis and the viral tropisms for keratinocytes, T cells, dendritic cells and neurons during primary infection, latency and reactivation and the innate and adaptive host responses that modulate these events. New insights about molecular virology and pathogenesis have emerged from comparative studies of VZV and simian varicella virus. VZV is the only human herpesvirus for which vaccines to prevent both primary and recurrent infection are approved and VZV vaccines have had significant public health benefits. These achievements and new directions that are unfolding are described in this review of VZV basic and clinical research.


Book
Herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis : in vivo morphology in the human cornea
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ISBN: 3642010113 9786612828751 3642010121 1282828754 Year: 2010 Publisher: Berlin : Springer-Verlag,

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Herpes Simplex Virus Epithelial Keratitis provides a kind of ‘living histology’, revealing both morphological and dynamic features of the disease, and explaining the mechanisms behind them. It discusses in detail: ° the result of herpes simplex virus impact on the living human epithelium ° the step-by-step dynamics of healing during a successful treatment ° the complications and sequelae of infection The case studies presented demonstrate the application of these observations in clinical practice. This unique guide offers insights helpful in differential diagnostics and the recognition of lesser known variants, as well as complications. It is also useful for the follow–up of treatment results and the differentiation between an active infection and sequelae. It is an invaluable aid for ophthalmologists and researchers working with ocular surfaces.


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G-quadruplex and Microorganisms
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ISBN: 3039212443 3039212435 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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G-quadruplexes (G4s) are nucleic acids secondary structures that form in DNA or RNA guanine (G)-rich strands. In recent years, the presence of G4s in microorganisms has attracted increasing interest. In prokaryotes, G4 sequences have been reported in several human pathogens. Bacterial enzymes able to process G4s have been identified. In viruses, G4s have been suggested to be involved in key steps of the viral life cycle: They have been associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), human papilloma virus, swine pseudorabies virus, and other viruses’ genomes. New evidence shows the presence of G4s in parasitic protozoa, such as the causative agent of malaria. G4 binding proteins and mRNA G4s have been implicated in the regulation of microorganisms’ genome replication and translation. G4 ligands have been developed and tested both as tools to study the complexity of G4-mediated mechanisms in the viral life cycle and as therapeutic agents. Moreover, new techniques to study G4 folding and their interactions with proteins have been developed. This Special Issue will focus on G4s present in microorganisms, addressing all the above aspects.


Book
Varicella-zoster virus epithelial keratitis in Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus : in vivo morphology in the human cornea
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ISBN: 3642144861 9786613087737 364214487X 1283087731 Year: 2010 Publisher: Heidelberg : Springer,

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Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is a common disease in the elderly and the immunosuppressed, with potentially devastating sequelae. Diagnosis of HZO is clinical but almost all its manifestations are non-specific and often indistinguishable from those due to other causes in general and herpes simplex virus in particular. The exception is varicella-zoster virus epithelial keratitis, which is frequently the only indicator of the true nature of the disease. This book is unique in presenting high-magnification images, obtained by non-contact in vivo photomicrography, that capture the distinctive features of varicella-zoster virus epithelial keratitis in HZO. Both the morphology and the dynamics of the corneal epithelial lesions are splendidly documented, including in patients with HZO sine herpete and recurrent disease. Three rare cases of ocular surface involvement in acute HZO are included, and the final chapter offers an illuminating comparison of varicella-zoster virus epithelial keratitis in HZO and the lesions of herpes simplex virus. This book will serve as an indispensable aid in the prompt diagnosis of HZO.

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