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For the millions of citizens in the Arab World who came together in 2010-2011 to discover their common yearning for dignity and liberty, the real revolutions only began after the wave of protests. Understanding the Political Economy of the Arab Uprisings reassess the interests, potential and constraints of various socio-political players and their importance in the building of a constructive environment for democratic progress in the Middle East. Initiated by the Cairo-based Economic Research Forum and edited by Ishac Diwan, this invaluable volume features contributions by Middle East academic

Arab Spring, 2010 --- -Arab Awakening, 2010 --- -Economic aspects. --- Arab countries --- Arab world --- Arabic countries --- Arabic-speaking states --- Islamic countries --- Middle East --- Economic conditions --- Politics and government

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International finance --- Developing countries --- Debt relief --- Debts, External --- 339.727.2 --- -Debts, External --- -AA / International- internationaal --- LDC / Developping Countries - Pays En Développement --- 339.115 --- 338.340 --- 382.256 --- 336.311.2 --- 338.341.1 --- 382.254 --- 333.109 --- 339.727.2 Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse leningen. Buitenlandse kredieten. Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse investeringen. Kapitaalinvoer. Kapitaaluitvoer. Kapitaalvlucht --- Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse leningen. Buitenlandse kredieten. Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse investeringen. Kapitaalinvoer. Kapitaaluitvoer. Kapitaalvlucht --- Debt renegotiation --- Debt rescheduling --- Debt restructuring --- Relief, Debt --- Renegotiation, Debt --- Rescheduling, Debt --- Restructuring, Debt --- Debtor and creditor --- Debts, Foreign --- Debts, International --- External debts --- Foreign debts --- International debts --- Debt --- Investments, Foreign --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC. --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld. --- Buitenlandse hulp (betalingsbalans). --- Buitenlandse leningen van de overheid. --- Financiële hulp aan de Derde Wereld. --- Internationale kredieten. --- Veiligheid. Bankovervallen. Bankrisico's. --- Law and legislation --- AA / International- internationaal --- Veiligheid. Bankovervallen. Bankrisico's --- Buitenlandse leningen van de overheid --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld --- Financiële hulp aan de Derde Wereld --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC --- Internationale kredieten --- Buitenlandse hulp (betalingsbalans)

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Diwan and Galal looks at the structure and prospects of the Middle East economies after the 2011 Uprisings, focusing on issues of economic growth, inequality, the impact of oil, and the unfolding political transitions. On the growth question, the book looks into the extent of structural transformation of the economy, the political economy reasons for the lack of structural change, and the external conditions in the EU and in the GCC that underpin the lack of structural change. On inequality, the book offers new measures of equality of opportunity in human development and in the job market, and it also reviews the complex political economy of subsidy removal. Regarding natural resources, the volume provides three innovations: connecting the notion of 'oil curse' to the global phenomena of asset bubbles; evidence that resource curse effects do not rise monotonically with the size of the resource rent, but rather, according to an inverted U shape; and an extension of the concept of rent to the other non-oil rents that are also predominant in the region. Finally, the volume places the political transition in the region in a global perspective using various methods – theoretical, comparative, and empirical, and it explores the relationship between democracy in its variety of forms and economic development.

Economic History --- Business & Economics --- Middle East --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy. --- Regional economics. --- Macroeconomics. --- International economics. --- Development economics. --- Political economy. --- Regional/Spatial Science. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- International Economics. --- Economic Policy. --- Development Economics. --- International Political Economy. --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Economics --- Economic development --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Regional planning --- Regionalism --- Space in economics --- Spatial economics. --- Spatial economics --- Regional economics

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May 2000 - Reformers of China's state enterprises should realize that more could be realized from capital transfer than is being gained from labor retrenchment. And more efficient capital allocation, by reducing the pressure on labor, would bring larger gains at a lower social cost. Chen and Diwan estimate the costs and benefits of labor retrenchment in state-owned industrial enterprises in China. Their results indicate the prevalence of low and stagnant labor productivity, low capital productivity, and excessively high wages in the state sector for the period reviewed (1994-97). The private sector exhibited consistently greater productivity. The authors' most striking finding: A greater gain could be realized from capital transfer than is being gained from labor retrenchment. Their simulation results for 1996 estimate that 43 percent of the workers in state enterprises and 70 percent of the capital are redundant. By itself, a transfer of labor from the public to the private sector at the current magnitude (20 percent of the labor force) would secure only 2 percent gains in output. A transfer of 10 percent of both capital and labor would achieve a greater efficiency gain than transferring the full 43 percent of redundant workers. This is partly because the private sector uses capital more efficiently than the public sector and partly because it needs capital to hire workers transferred from the public sector. Their results suggest that reform in state enterprises should concentrate more on the efficiency of capital allocation, not just on labor retrenchment. More efficient capital allocation would reduce the pressure on labor and would bring larger gains at a lower social cost. This paper - a product of the Economic Policy and Poverty Reduction Division, World Bank Institute - is part of a larger effort in the institute to study the architecture of reform. The authors may be contacted at ychen@dol.eta.gov or idiwan@worldbank.org

Economic Growth --- Economic Theory and Research --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Literacy --- High Wages --- Job --- Job Creation --- Jobs --- Labor --- Labor Force --- Labor Market --- Labor Markets --- Labor Policies --- Labor Productivity --- Labor Redeployment --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Municipal Financial Management --- Open Unemployment --- Previous Results --- Private Enterprise --- Private Sector --- Private Sector Activity --- Private Sectors --- Production Function --- Public Sector Economics and Finance --- Social Protections and Labor --- State Owned Enterprise Reform --- State-Owned Enterprises --- Unemployment --- Urban Development --- Worker --- Workers